Seasonal prey availability and diet composition of Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 19002-19010
Author(s):  
Shani Kumar Bhartiy ◽  
Vadamalai Elangovan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Fecal Pellets ◽  
Insect Abundance

Diet is an important factor in understanding bat ecology and conservation. This study  assessed seasonal prey availability and diet composition of the Asiatic Lesser Yellow House Bat Scotophilus kuhlii in various districts of Uttar Pradesh between January 2016 to December 2018. Fecal and insect samples were collected seasonally using sweep nets between 1800 and 1900 h. From each location 20 fecal pellets were selected for analysis and searched for taxonomically recognizable remnants. The analysis revealed that S. kuhlii fed on Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Odonata, Blattodae, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera, identified from legs, antennae and wings/elytra in fecal pellets. Seasonal variation in the presence of isolated insect remnants and insect abundance at foraging grounds was observed. Thus S. kuhlii is a voracious feeder and plays an important role as a pest control agent.

scholarly journals Cuticle degrading enzyme production by some isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
N Sapna Bai ◽  
OK Remadevi ◽  
TO Sasidharan ◽  
M Balachander ◽  
Priyadarsanan Dharmarajan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

Context: Entomopathogenic fungi have been recognized as viable alternate options to chemicals in insect pest control. Unlike other potential biocontrol agents, fungi do not have to be ingested to infect their hosts but invade directly through the cuticle. Entry into the host involves both enzymic degradation of the cuticle barrier and mechanical pressure. Production of a range of cuticle degrading enzymes is an important event in the interaction of entomopathogenic fungi and host. Enzyme secretion is believed to be a key contributor for the virulence of a fungal isolate. Objectives: The potentiality of nine isolates of M. anisopliae were tested to produce to produce three important cuticle degrading enzymes, viz., chitinase, protease and lipase. Materials and Methods: Nine isolates of M. anisopliae were evaluated for chitinase, protease and lipase enzyme production by determining the enzyme index and activities. Results: Chitinase index of these isolates were ranged from 1.5 to 2.2 and chitinolytic activity from 0.525 to 1.560 U/ml. The isolates showed protease index in the range of 1.2 to 3.3 and the activity ranged from 0.020 to 0.114 U/ml. Lipase index ranged from 1.15 to 7.0 and the enzyme activity ranged from 0.153 to 0.500 U/ml. A strong relationship was observed between virulence of the isolates and cuticle degrading enzyme production as increased enzyme production was observed for virulent isolates. Conclusion: In the present study three isolates as (MIS2, MIS7 and MIS13) demonstrated cuticle degrading enzyme (CDE) that indicate higher virulence based on the bioassay conducted earlier by the authors as strongly substantiating the role of CDEs is considered the virulence of Metarhizium isolates. So, these isolates may be as ecofriendly insect-pest control agent in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17648 J. bio-sci. 20: 25-32, 2012

scholarly journals Diet composition and feeding habits of the eyespot skate, Atlantoraja cyclophora (Elasmobranchii: Arhynchobatidae), off Uruguay and northern Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago A. Barbini ◽  
Luis O. Lucifora
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis ◽  
Modelling Approach

ABSTRACT The eyespot skate, Atlantoraja cyclophora, is an endemic species from the southwestern Atlantic, occurring from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to northern Patagonia, Argentina. The feeding habits of this species, from off Uruguay and north Argentina, were evaluated using a multiple hypothesis modelling approach. In general, the diet was composed mainly of decapod crustaceans, followed by teleost fishes. Molluscs, mysidaceans, amphipods, isopods, lancelets and elasmobranchs were consumed in lower proportion. The consumption of shrimps drecreased with increasing body size of A. cyclophora. On the other hand, the consumption of teleosts increased with body size. Mature individuals preyed more heavily on crabs than immature individuals. Teleosts were consumed more in the south region (34º - 38ºS) and crabs in the north region (38º - 41ºS). Shrimps were eaten more in the warm season than in the cold season. Prey size increased with increasing body size of A. cyclophora , but large individuals also consumed small teleosts and crabs. Atlantoraja cyclophora has demersal-benthic feeding habits, shifts its diet with increasing body size and in response to seasonal and regional changes in prey availability and distribution.

scholarly journals Gut content analysis of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) in Asam Kumbang Crocodile Park, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012105
Author(s):  
E Jumilawaty ◽  
N Namira ◽  
A Anggelicha ◽  
A Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis

Abstract Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) is a widespread avian species inhabiting a variety of natural and artificial sites. Asam Kumbang Crocodile Park is one of establishments that occupied some portions of B. ibis habitat with no recent information on the food resource and prey availability for the viability of B. ibis. To this aim, we collected 10 random individuals of B. ibis to be sacrificed for gut content analysis of prey species. A total of 19 taxa was found as prey items in the gut of B. ibis with the dominant group from insects (Orthoptera, Scolopendromorpha). The diversity of prey species was categorized as moderate with intraspecific diet variation which formed four guilds that fed on specific taxa namely Group 1 (Haplotaxida, Lepidoptera, Anurans), Group 2 (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Araneae), Group 3 (Orthoptera, Scolopendromorpha); and Group 4 (Dermaptera, Squamata). Oxya chinensis and Oxya velox are important rice grasshopper pests that were also found in the gut of B. ibis reflecting their potential function as biological control agent.

Evaluation of a contraction flow field on hydrodynamic damage to entomopathogenic nematodes?A biological pest control agent

2004 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane P. Fife ◽  
Richard C. Derksen ◽  
H. Erdal Ozkan ◽  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Jeffrey J. Chalmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Contraction Flow ◽  
Biological Pest Control

scholarly journals Covariation of diet and gut microbiome in African megafauna

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (47) ◽  
pp. 23588-23593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler R. Kartzinel ◽  
Julianna C. Hsing ◽  
Paul M. Musili ◽  
Bianca R. P. Brown ◽  
Robert M. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
East African ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Free Ranging

A major challenge in biology is to understand how phylogeny, diet, and environment shape the mammalian gut microbiome. Yet most studies of nonhuman microbiomes have relied on relatively coarse dietary categorizations and have focused either on individual wild populations or on captive animals that are sheltered from environmental pressures, which may obscure the effects of dietary and environmental variation on microbiome composition in diverse natural communities. We analyzed plant and bacterial DNA in fecal samples from an assemblage of 33 sympatric large-herbivore species (27 native, 6 domesticated) in a semiarid East African savanna, which enabled high-resolution assessment of seasonal variation in both diet and microbiome composition. Phylogenetic relatedness strongly predicted microbiome composition (r = 0.91) and was weakly but significantly correlated with diet composition (r = 0.20). Dietary diversity did not significantly predict microbiome diversity across species or within any species except kudu; however, diet composition was significantly correlated with microbiome composition both across and within most species. We found a spectrum of seasonal sensitivity at the diet−microbiome nexus: Seasonal changes in diet composition explained 25% of seasonal variation in microbiome composition across species. Species’ positions on (and deviations from) this spectrum were not obviously driven by phylogeny, body size, digestive strategy, or diet composition; however, domesticated species tended to exhibit greater diet−microbiome turnover than wildlife. Our results reveal marked differences in the influence of environment on the degree of diet−microbiome covariation in free-ranging African megafauna, and this variation is not well explained by canonical predictors of nutritional ecology.

VIABILITY OF A BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL AGENT THROUGH HYDRAULIC NOZZLES

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Fife ◽  
H. E. Ozkan ◽  
R. C. Derksen ◽  
P. S. Grewal ◽  
C. R. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Pest Control

Using CFD Methods to Predict Damage of a Biological Pest Control Agent during Passage through a Hydraulic Nozzle

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Patterson Fife ◽  
Richard C. Derksen ◽  
H. Erdal Ozkan ◽  
Parwinder S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Biological Pest Control

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana Vuill in compost media for Oryctes rhinoceros L. oil palm pest control

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rina Novianti ◽  
Hafiz Fauzana ◽  
Rusli Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Plant Pest

The Oryctes rhinoceros pest is an important pest of palm oil plant.  Pest problems occur because  Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is added for soil fertility to create a breeding site for larvae O. rhinoceros. Generally, OPEFB will receive the plants more quickly when composted, and pest control is carried out in the compost. Biological control is more recommended because it is environmentally friendly, Therefore compost is added with biological control agent O. rhinoceros namely B. bassiana. This study is aimed to obtain the best conidia density of Beauveria bassiana in compost in controlling larvae O. rhinoceros. The research was carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory and Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau of University. The study was carried out from February to November 2020. The experiment on the conidia density of B. bassiana fungi in compost media against larvae O. rhinoceros, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 6 treatments 4 replications obtained 24 experimental units, while the treatments were 0 g.l-1, 15 g.l-1, 30 g.l-1, 45 g.l-1, 60 g.l-1 and 75 g.l-1. The results of the research revealed that  OPEFB compost + sawdust containing the fungus B. bassiana 75 g.l-1 (83,2 x108 kon/ml) had the best ability to control larvae O. rhinoceros with a total larvae mortality of 87% which caused early death of 54 hours after application, LT50 of 213 hours after application, and LC50 of 3,3% or the equivalent of 33 g.l-1 at 14 days after application.

scholarly journals Desert pumpkinseed: diet composition and breadth in a Moroccan river

2021 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Christos Gkenas ◽  
Maria Filomena Magalhães ◽  
Nazaret Campos-Martin ◽  
Filipe Ribeiro ◽  
Miguel Clavero
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Feeding Plasticity ◽  
Generalist Diet ◽  
Widely Invasive

The widely invasive North American pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, is currently established in desert rivers in Morocco. The success of pumpkinseed in novel ecosystems has been associated with its generalist diet, but this trait remains unevaluated in arid regions. Desert rivers are harsh environments with limited water and prey availability which may adversely constrain the diet of fish. Here we studied the diet of pumpkinseed across 4 sites in the Draa River, embracing a 450 m elevational gradient covering from extremely dry lowlands to relatively humid highlands. We described pumpkinseed diet through the analysis of stomach contents of 82 individuals, collected in the fall of 2013. Pumpkinseed diet was dominated by Chironomidae in dry lowlands, while Ephemeroptera, Heteroptera, Trichoptera and Odonata were relevant prey in more humid highlands. Population diet breadth expanded with elevation, but individual specialization in diet was low among all sites. Our results highlight considerable changes in diet composition and breadth with aridity, suggesting that feeding plasticity and use of exclusive, locally abundant prey rather than generalized feeding may be associated with the success of pumpkinseed in most arid areas in desert rivers.

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