Abstract P324: Impact of Energy Drinks on Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin A Shah ◽  
Carolyn S Lacey ◽  
Ian C Riddock ◽  
Michael Lee ◽  
Anthony E Dargush
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Energy drinks capture 47% of the beverage market share internationally. Several studies have tried to evaluate the health risks of energy drink consumption but a general consensus does not exist. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the cardiovascular effects of energy drinks on notable electrocardiographic and blood pressure parameters. Methods: A literature search in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane database and by hand searching of relevant references was performed. Human clinical studies published in the English language were included if evaluating the impact of an energy drink on the QT/QTc interval or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were also assessed. A weighted mean change from baseline was calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model for all endpoints. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity. Results: Our initial search identified 351 studies of which 7 were ultimately included. A total of 93 and 132 individual subjects were incorporated for the QT/QTc interval and SBP analyses respectively. Compared to baseline, QT/QTc interval prolonged significantly by 10.0msec [95%CI 0.41 to 19.67; Cochrane Q p=0.505] and SBP increased significantly by 3.5mmHg [95%CI 0.92 to 6.11; Cochrane Q p=0.635]. DBP and HR increased non-significantly. These effects were maintained in most subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Energy drinks significantly prolong the QT/QTc interval and raise SBP. DBP and HR are increased non-significantly. Further safety evaluation of energy drink consumption is warranted to guide public health policy.

Abstract 12689: Cardiovascular Responses to Energy Drinks in a Healthy Population: The C-energy Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri M Kozik ◽  
Mouchumi Bhattacharyya ◽  
Teresa T Nguyen ◽  
Therese F Connolly ◽  
Walther Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Cardiac Responses ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

Introduction: Energy drinks are presumed to enhance energy, physical endurance, mood, and boost metabolism. Serious health risks have been reported with energy drink consumption such as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stroke, seizures, and arrhythmias. More than 20,000 emergency department visits related to energy drink consumption were reported in 2011. Little is known about the possible pathophysiological mechanisms and adverse events associated with energy drinks. Unlike the tobacco and alcohol industry, there are limited restrictions regulating the purchasing and marketing of these drinks. Purpose: To determine if consumption of energy drinks alter; vital signs (blood pressure, temperature), electrolytes (magnesium, potassium, calcium), activated bleeding time (ACT), or cardiac responses measured with a 12-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) Holter. Method: Subjects consumed two-16 ounce cans of an energy drink within one hour and remained in the lab where data was collected at base line (BL) and then during four hours post consumption (PC). Vital signs were taken every 30 minutes; blood samples were collected at BL, one, two and four hours PC and ECG data was collected throughout the entire study period. Paired students t-test and a corresponding non-parametric test (Wilcoxon signed rank) were used for analysis of the data. Results: Fourteen healthy young subjects were recruited (mean age 28.6 years). Systolic blood pressure (BL=132, ±7.83; PC= 151, ±11.21; p=.001); QTc interval (BL=423, ±22.74; PC=503, ±24.56; p<.001); magnesium level (BL 2.04, ± 0.09; PC=2.13, ±0.15; p=.05); and calcium level (BL=9.31, ±.28; PC=9.52, ±.22; p=.018) significantly increased from BL. While potassium and ACT fluctuated (increase and decrease) no significant changes were observed. Eight of the fourteen subjects (57%) developed a QTc >500 milliseconds PC. Conclusions: In our sample, consumption of energy drinks increased systolic blood pressure, serum magnesium and calcium, and resulted in repolarization abnormalities. Because these physiological responses can lead to arrhythmias and other abnormal cardiac responses, further study in a larger sample is needed to determine the effects and possible consequences of energy drink consumption.

Abstract MP43: Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Effects of Energy Drinks and Panax Ginseng in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin A Shah ◽  
Tinh An (April) Nguyen ◽  
Andrew Occiano ◽  
Amanda Chan ◽  
Joseph C Sky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Pr Interval

Introduction: Energy drink usage has been linked to emergency room visits and deaths. Cardiovascular and neurological adverse effects are among the most frequently reported, warranting further exploration of risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that energy drinks and panax ginseng may contribute to significant electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes in healthy individuals. Methods: This was a randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled, crossover study where young healthy volunteers consumed 3 different study drinks on different days. The interventions included 32 ounces of an energy drink, control drink with 800 mg of panax ginseng or a matching placebo drink, all of which were consumed over a 45 minute period. Primary endpoints of interest were QTc interval and systolic blood pressure. Secondary endpoints included QT interval, PR interval, QRS duration, heart rate, and diastolic blood pressure. All endpoints were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3.5, and 5.5 hours post-study drink administration. Results: Twenty seven volunteers completed the study. A significant increase in QTc interval 2 hours post energy drink consumption was evident when compared to placebo (3.37±10.7 msec and -3.19±11.8 msec respectively; p=0.030). Similarly, systolic blood pressure 2 hours post energy drink consumption increased when compared to placebo (2.00±6.37 mmHg and -2.67±5.83 mmHg respectively; p=0.014). The PR interval significantly reduced over a 2 hour period post energy drink use in a clinically non-meaningful manner. Heart rate at 2 hours was not significantly higher in the energy drink group. The QT interval, QRS interval and diastolic blood pressure were not impacted at any time across groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, certain energy drinks consumed at a high volume can significantly increase the QTc interval and systolic blood pressure by over 6 msec and 4 mmHg respectively. Panax ginseng does not have a significant impact on ECG or blood pressure parameters. Future studies are warranted to delineate the electrophysiological and hemodynamic risks of certain energy drinks consumed at different concentrations and durations.

Abstract 12640: Energy Drinks Prolong Early Repolarization (J-T Peak ) Phase in a Healthy Population

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R Kaplan ◽  
Ghufran Syed ◽  
Teri Kozik
Keyword(s):  
Torsade De Pointes ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Early Repolarization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption

Introduction: Energy drinks continue to be the fastest growing beverage market with sales expected to reach $60 billion in the next few years, yet have demonstrated adverse cardiovascular effects such as prolongation of the QTc interval on EKG. While QTc prolongation observed with certain drugs has long been used as an indicator of increased risk of torsade de pointes, recent data has identified the early repolarization interval J-T peak (JTp) as a more specific marker for proarrhythmic potential. Drugs that selectively block the human ether-a-go-go related (hERG) potassium ion channel prolong QTc by prolonging both early repolarization (JTp) and late repolarization (T peak -T end [Tpe] interval), and are associated with an increased risk of torsade. In contrast, drugs that additionally block inward late sodium and L-type calcium prolong QTc by prolonging Tpe but not JTp, and have demonstrated reduced risk of torsade. In 2018, the C-Energy-X study demonstrated QTc prolongation in 22 healthy subjects (mean age 28 ± 7yrs) who consumed energy drink while at rest and following short periods of exercise. Our study provides a secondary analysis of this data in terms of its effect on JTp, a potentially more specific marker for torsade risk. Methods: Using H-Scribe software, two evaluators independently measured JTp and RR intervals from C-Energy-X subjects pre- and post-energy drink consumption in the rest and exercise phases. Values were corrected for heart rate using the linear correction formula JTpc=JTp + 0.150(1-RR), where RR is R-to-R interval. Mean JTpc values from each phase were analyzed using a paired sample two-tailed t -test. Results: In the resting phase following energy drink consumption (PCr), there was a statistically significant increase in JTpc intervals for 77% of subjects by a mean of 10.5ms (baseline=234 ± 21.3ms; PCr=245 ± 22.0ms; p =0.015). In the exercise phase following energy drink consumption (PCe), 64% of subjects increased JTpc intervals by a mean of 0.8ms which was not significant (baseline=225 ± 15.7ms; PCe=226 ± 17.9ms; p =0.845). Conclusion: In the resting phase, energy drink consumption was associated with statistically significant prolongation of JTpc, suggesting a theoretical increased risk of torsade de pointes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1104-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Nunes ◽  
Anushka Aqil ◽  
Saad Omer ◽  
Shabir Madhi
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objective Numerous observational studies have evaluated the relationship between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and birth outcomes. The number of studies on this subject has increased, especially after the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic (A/H1N1pdm09). This meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of maternal vaccination with either seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) or A/H1N1pdm09 monovalent vaccines on the rates of preterm (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW) births. Methods English language randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing the proposed outcomes after administration of influenza vaccine during pregnancy were screened. Observational studies were included if they presented adjusted measures and if the total number of women evaluated reached predefined thresholds. Sensitivity analyses were performed, including all published observational studies irrespectively of the sample size. Results A total of 5 and 13 publications that assessed the impact of IIV and monovalent A/H1N1pdm09 vaccines, respectively, fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the main analyses. The rate of PTB and LBW was lower in women who received IIV during pregnancy compared with nonvaccinated women (odds ratio [OR]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.98 for PTB and OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.88 for LBW); and in women vaccinated with monovalent A/H1N1pdm09 versus nonvaccinated women (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99 for PTB and OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98 for LBW). No significant impact of vaccination on SGA birth rates was detected in the main analyses independently of the vaccine group. Conclusion Receipt of influenza vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of PTB and LBW.

Abstract 3661: “Energy Drink” Consumption Causes Increases in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Steinke ◽  
James S Kalus ◽  
Vishnuprabha Dhanapal ◽  
David E Lanfear ◽  
Helen D Berlie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Observation Period

Introduction: “Energy drinks” are very popular and are used frequently, especially by young adults. Most marketed energy drinks contain high levels of caffeine and taurine. Both caffeine and taurine have been shown to have direct effects on cardiac function and hemodynamic status. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a commonly used energy drink alters blood pressure, heart rate and EKG parameters in healthy volunteers. Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 15, 53% female, 25.9 ± 5.9 years, 69.8 ± 14.8 kg) abstained from caffeine for 48 hours prior to and throughout the study period. On study day 1 (D1), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and an EKG were measured at baseline. Participants then consumed 500 mL (2 cans) of an energy drink containing caffeine (80 mg) and taurine (1000 mg) and BP, HR and EKG measurements were repeated at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after consumption. Participants then consumed 2 cans of energy drink daily for the next 5 days (D2–D6). On day 7 (D7) the procedures followed on D1 were repeated. Average baseline measurements on days 1 and 7 were compared to maximum values during that observation period. Results: On both D1 and D7, maximum mean systolic BP, HR and corrected QT-interval (QTc) occurred at 4 hours. Maximum diastolic BP occurred at 2 hours on D1 and D7. Baseline and maximum mean values are presented in Table 1 . Within 4 hours of energy drink consumption on D1 and D7 respectively, systolic BP increased by 7.9% (p = 0.006) and 9.6% (p < 0.001), HR increased by 7.8% (p = 0.009) and 11.0% (p < 0.001) and QTc increased by 4.5% (p = 0.368) and 5.5% (p = 0.052). Diastolic BP increased by 7.0% (p = 0.046) and 7.8% (p = 0.063) within 2 hours of energy drink consumption. Conclusions: In conclusion, although no significant EKG changes were observed, subjects’ HR increased 5–7 bpm and systolic BP increased 10mmHg after consuming an “energy drink”. This level of change is likely clinically significant in patients with cardiac disease or those who consume such drinks regularly. Table 1. Baseline and Maximum Values (mean ± SD)

Abstract 18257: Cardiovascular Response to Energy Drink Consumption in Healthy Adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Svatikova ◽  
Naima Covassin ◽  
Krishen Somers ◽  
Filip Soucek ◽  
Tomas Kara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Placebo Drink

Introduction: An increasing number of healthy adults consume energy drinks to enhance their physical and mental performance. Energy drinks contain caffeine and multiple other “natural” stimulants and their combined effects on cardiac hemodynamics in healthy individuals are unclear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that drinking a commercially available energy drink, Rockstar , compared to a placebo drink, increases resting blood pressure and heart rate in healthy adults, and these increases would be further accentuated by stress conditions. Methods: We enrolled 25 healthy, normotensive subjects (14 males), aged 29±1 years, with body mass index 24.5±1 kg/m 2 , in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each subject consumed a placebo drink and a commercially available Rockstar energy drink (473 ml), in random order on two separate study days. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were recorded and compared before and 30 minutes after drink consumption, both at rest and then in response to physical, mental and cold stressors. Results: The Rockstar energy drink induced a 6±1% increase in resting systolic blood pressure, compared to 3±1% with the placebo drink (P=0.0078). Diastolic blood pressure increased by 7±1% vs 0±1% with the placebo drink (P=0.0007; Figure 1). Heart rate increased similarly in both groups, by 5±2% in the energy drink group vs. 7±2% in the placebo group. Blood pressure and heart rate increases during the stress stimuli (sustained handgrip, mental stress and cold stress) did not differ between energy drink and placebo. Conclusions: Drinking a commercially available Rockstar energy drink significantly increases resting blood pressure in young healthy adults. Blood pressure increases are not further accentuated by exercise, mental or cold pressor stress stimuli. These hemodynamic changes induced by energy drink consumption could predispose to cardiovascular events.

Effect of Pycnogenol on Blood Pressure: Findings From a PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Studies

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Giuliano Tocci ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Vivianne Presta ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
The Impact

Results of previous clinical trials evaluating the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure (BP) are controversial. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pycnogenol on BP through a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies (randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). Literature search included SCOPUS, PubMed-Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to January 10, 2019 to identify RCTs investigating the impact of pycnogenol on BP. Two investigators independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42018112172. Overall, the impact of pycnogenol on BP was reported in 7 trials involving 626 participants. Meta-analysis did not suggest any significant improvement in systolic BP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.028 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.182 to 0.127; P = .726; I2 = 46%), diastolic BP (WMD: −0.144 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.299 to 0.010; P = .067; I2 = 0%), mean arterial pressure (WMD: −0.091 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.246 to 0.063; P = .246; I2 = 0%), and pulse pressure (WMD: −0.003 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.151 to 0.158; P = .966; I2 = 0%) following pycnogenol treatment. Results persisted in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Therefore, the present meta-analysis does not suggest any significant effect of pycnogenol on BP.

scholarly journals Risk-Taking Behavior and the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink among Australian, Dutch and UK Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5315
Author(s):  
Sean J. Johnson ◽  
Sarah Benson ◽  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Chris Alford ◽  
Joris C. Verster
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Energy Drink Consumption ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Risk

The relationship between risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences is well known. The current analyses were conducted to investigate whether alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) is related to risk-taking behavior and if there is a relationship between the amount of energy drink mixed with alcohol consumed, risk-taking behavior and negative alcohol-related consequences. Data from N = 1276 AMED consuming students from the Netherlands, UK and Australia who completed the same survey were evaluated. The analysis revealed that, compared to AMED occasions, on alcohol only (AO) occasions significantly more alcohol was consumed and significantly more negative alcohol-related consequences were reported. On both AO and AMED occasions, there was a strong and positive relationship between amount of alcohol consumed, level of risk-taking behavior and number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, the level of risk-taking behavior was not clearly related to energy drink consumption. Across risk-taking levels, differences in the amount of energy drink consumed on AMED occasions did not exceed one 250 mL serving of energy drink. When correcting for the amount of alcohol consumed, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of energy drinks consumed on AMED occasions between the risk-taking groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is clearly related to risk-taking behavior and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, energy drink intake was not related to level of risk-taking behavior and only weakly related to the number of experienced negative alcohol-related consequences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document