Abstract P181: Processed food intake is adversely associated with multiple indicators of cardiometabolic health in US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2005-2008)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Lipsky ◽  
Tonja Nansel ◽  
Virginia Quick
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

Introduction: Reducing intake of ingredients characteristic of processed foods is vital to improving ideal cardiovascular dietary behaviors described in the American Heart Association 2020 Strategic Impact Goals. Hypothesis: We sought to develop an indicator of processed food intake and evaluate its hypothesized adverse relationships with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: Data from two 24 hour recalls were examined for US adults (>=18y) in NHANES (2005-2008). An index of processed food intake (PFI) was developed using the mean of the standardized (mean=0, standard deviation=1), energy-adjusted (per 1000 kcal) intakes of refined grains, processed meat, discretionary oils, discretionary solid fat, added sugar and sodium. We evaluated bivariate associations of PFI with demographics (sex, poverty-income ratio, education) and behavioral factors (smoking, nutritional supplement use). Multivariable linear regressions were used to examine associations of PFI with BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), and biomarkers for cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, apo-b and c-reactive protein), adjusting for demographic and behavioral covariates. We tested for potential interactions between PFI and weight status, sex, and smoking. Results: PFI was higher in smokers than never smokers (p<.001). PFI was lower for those with at least a college degree than those with less education (p=.004) and for NH White vs. NH Black adults (p=.04). Adjusting for covariates, higher PFI was associated with greater BMI (p<.001) and waist circumference (p<.001), lower HDL-C (p<.001), and higher c-reactive protein (p=.01). Interactions (p<.05) were observed between PFI and sex for predicting BMI, and between PFI and smoking for predicting TC and HDL-C. The magnitude of associations was larger for female vs. male and for current and former smokers vs. non-smokers. No interactions were observed between PFI and weight status. Conclusion: Intake of components characteristic of processed foods is adversely associated with a variety of cardiometabolic biomarkers. Positive associations of PFI with BMI were greater for females vs. males, while associations of PFI with TC and HDL-C were greater for current and former smokers vs. never smokers. The nutritional value of dietary components of PFI is primarily restricted to energy, protein, and sodium, none of which are considered lacking in the diets of US adults. These findings underscore the rationale for encouraging replacing such components with foods that promote cardiovascular health including fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish, legumes, nuts and seeds. Acknowledgment: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Associations Between Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Health Among Diverse U.S. Adults 50 or Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
Tali Elfassy ◽  
Filippa Juul ◽  
Robert Mesa ◽  
Latha Palaniappan ◽  
Malathi Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Abstract Asian American (AA) diets are naturally adapted to the NOVA dietary recommendations, favoring minimally processed foods. Yet the relationship between dietary intake and metabolic health, among AAs is largely unknown. We examined the association between ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health (obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes), among US adults 50 or older reporting a single ethnicity, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018). From multivariable adjusted logistic regression models, the highest compared to the lowest quartile of ultra-processed food intake was associated with obesity only, among AAs (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.45), followed by non-Hispanic blacks (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.14), non-Hispanic whites (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.68), and Hispanics (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.65). AAs are more likely than other ethnic/racial groups to be obese when consuming ultra-processed foods. Cultural adaptation of current North American-focused dietary recommendations should drive AA preventive dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Association between fasting insulin and C-reactive protein among adults without diabetes using a two-part model: NHANES 2005–2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Missel ◽  
Laura R. Saslow ◽  
Dina H. Griauzde ◽  
Donna Marvicsin ◽  
Ananda Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Part Model

Abstract Introduction Chronic inflammation is associated with the development, progression and long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and thus has become the focus of many screening and treatment recommendations. We hypothesize that insulin may also be associated with inflammation and may be an additional factor to consider in screening and treatment. Methods This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2010 to analyze the association between fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP). A two-part model was used due to the high number of values reported as 0.1 mg/L. Two models were analyzed, both with and without the addition of waist circumference to other covariates in the model. Results The final sample included 4527 adults with a mean age of 43.31 years. In the first model, higher fasting insulin was associated with increased odds of CRP > 0.1 mg/L (OR = 1.02, p < .001) and with higher CRP (β = 0.03, p < .001). In the adjusted model, including waist circumference as a covariate, higher fasting insulin was not associated with CRP > 0.1 mg/L (OR = 1.00, p = .307) but the association between higher fasting insulin and higher continuous CRP remained significant (β = 0.01, p = .012). Conclusion This study found that higher fasting insulin is associated with higher CRP. These results suggest that treatment approaches that simultaneously decrease insulin levels as well as glucose levels may provide additive anti-inflammatory effects, and therefore may improve long-term outcomes for adults with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of overweight and obesity, and weight trajectories in the French cohort NutriNet-Santé

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Marie Beslay ◽  
Caroline Méjean ◽  
Benjamin Allès ◽  
Thibault Fiolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Weight Trajectories ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractIntroductionPrevious epidemiological studies have found associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of obesity-related outcomes, such as post-menopausal breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and mortality. However, only one Spanish prospective study has explored the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity, as well as the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and weight trajectories, in middle-aged adults included in the French large scale NutriNet-Santé cohort.MethodsOverall, 110260 participants aged at least 18 years from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019) were included. Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records, merged with a food composition database of 3300 different products. These were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risks of overweight and obesity were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and weight trajectories were assessed using multivariable linear mixed models for repeated measures with random slope and intercept. Models were adjusted for known risk factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors).ResultsUltra-processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of overweight (n = 7063 incident cases; hazard ratio for an absolute increment of 10 in the percentage of ultra-processed foods in the diet = 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.14); P < 0.0001, median follow-up: 4.1y, 260304 person-years) and obesity (n = 3066 incident cases; HR = 1.09 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.13); P < 0.0001, median follow-up: 8.0y 365344 person-years). Higher consumers of ultra-processed foods (4th quartile) were more likely to present an increase in body mass index over time (change of BMI/time-unit in Q4 vs Q1 = 0.04, P < 0.0001). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (fruits and vegetables and sugary drinks consumption, intakes of saturated fatty acids, sodium, sugar, dietary fiber or Healthy/Western patterns derived by principal component analysis) and after a large range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn this large observational prospective study, higher consumption of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Public health authorities in several countries recently started to recommend privileging unprocessed/minimally processed foods and limiting ultra-processed food consumption.

scholarly journals Baseline and Post-exercise High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Endurance Cyclists: The Indonesian North Coast and Tour de Borobudur 2017 Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Susanti Lestari ◽  
Sri Ratna Rahayu ◽  
Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽  
Budhi Setianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in the atherosclerotic process. High-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP) is commonly used as inflammatory biomarker. It is well known that regular physical activity lowers hs-CRP levels, while prolonged exercise induces hs-CRP elevations. However, the relationship of training and exercise characteristics with hs-CRP levels remains not well elucidated. We evaluated baseline and post-exercise hs-CRP levels and its association with training and exercise characteristics.METHODS: Eighty-eight male endurance cyclists were involved. Demographic data, health condition and training characteristics were collected. Baseline and postexercise blood-samples were collected to determine hsCRP concentrations. A hs-CRP cut-off point of 3 mg/L was used. Blood-cell count and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline. Heart rate (HR) was measured during exercise.RESULTS: Cyclists performed 7.3 hours (interquartilerange (IQR) = 5.4-7.5) of endurance exercise at intensity of 81.8 % (IQR = 74.9-85.8). Cyclists with baseline hsCRP ≥ 3 mg/L reported higher body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference and total-cholesterol. An increase in hs-CRP was following endurance exercise. Cyclists with any elevation of hs-CRP reported a higher BMI, HR during exercise and exercise intensity. Binary logistic regression analysis showed BMI (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.48) and cycling distance (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06-0.76) were associated with post-exercise hs-CRP elevations.CONCLUSION: Body mass, BMI, waist-circumference, total- and HDL-cholesterol are associated with baseline hsCRP, whereas BMI and cycling distance were associated with hs-CRP elevations. These findings suggest that anthropometry parameters and lipid levels attributed to baseline hs-CRP, while anthropometry parameters and cycling intensity attributed to post-exercise hs-CRP elevations.KEYWORDS: C-reactive-protein, exercise, endurancecycling, inflammation, acute-phase-response 

scholarly journals Association between central obesity indices and iron status indicators among Qatari adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250759
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Kerkadi ◽  
Reem Mohsen Ali ◽  
Alaa A. H. Shehada ◽  
Eman Abdelnasser AbouHassanein ◽  
Joyce Moawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Obesity Indices

Co-existence of iron deficiency and obesity in adults has been reported in many countries. However, little is known on the association between obesity and iron deficiency in Qatar. This study aimed to investigate the link between abdominal obesity indices and iron status among adults in Qatar. A random sample of 1000 healthy Qatari adults, aged 20–50 years, was obtained from Qatar Biobank study. Body weight, waist circumference, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters and iron status indicators were measured using standard techniques. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia were 35.4 and 25%, respectively. Of the participants with a large waist circumference, 31.7% had anaemia. Ferritin significantly increased with the increase in the android fat to gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat in both genders. Serum iron and transferring saturation decreased significantly with the increase in waist circumference in women. In both genders, C-reactive protein increased with the increase in all obesity indices. Standardized values of waist circumference, android fat, gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat were significantly associated with log transformed ferritin in men and women. Waist circumference was inversely related to serum iron (β:-0.95, 95% CI:-1.50,-0.39) and transferrin saturation (β:-1.45, 95%CI:-2.46, -0.43) in women. In men, waist circumference was positively associated with haemoglobin level (β: 0.16, 95% CI:0.04, 0.29). Central obesity coexists with anaemia among the study population. Elevated central obesity indices were associated with an increase in ferritin concentration. The increased ferritin concentration may be attributed to the increase in inflammatory status as a result of an increase in c-reactive protein concentration associated with central obesity.

Abstract P002: Evidence For Smoking Dependent Genetic Effects on C-reactive Protein Levels in a Multi-ethnic Cohort Setting: The Care Consortium.

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ellis ◽  
Jeremy Walston ◽  
Josee Dupuis ◽  
Emma Larkin ◽  
Maja Barbalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Never Smokers

INTRODUCTION: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable biomarker of systemic inflammation and a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development of CVD and has been shown to affect circulating levels of CRP. Therefore, we sought to determine how this important environmental exposure may influence genetic associations with CRP in a multi-ethnic setting. METHODS: Using the ITMAT Broad-CARe (IBC) SNP array, a custom 50,000 SNP gene-centric array having dense coverage of over 2,000 candidate genes for CVD pathways, we performed a meta-analysis of up to 26,065 participants of European descent and 7,584 participants of African descent for association with log-CRP level within smoking status stratum. The 2 smoking strata were: never smokers and ever smokers (comprising of current and former smokers). We conducted IBC-wide association scans for CRP within cohort-, race- and smoking-stratum and meta-analyzed by race. Samples were from the Candidate gene Association Resource (CARe) cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Framingham Heart Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Cleveland Family Study , Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, Jackson Heart Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Study). Results were considered to be panel wide statistically significant if p<2.2×10−6. RESULTS: The overall sample size for ever smokers (never smokers) was 11,698 (10,344) in European Americans and 3,448 (4,330) in African Americans. The per-allele beta coefficients for genes previously established to be associated with CRP and present on the IBC chip ( CRP, APOE, GCKR, IL6R, LEPR, HNF1A, NLRP3 ) were very similar in magnitude between smoking strata in European Americans. However, in the African Americans, the estimated per-allele CRP and IL6R betas were 2-times larger for the ever smokers as compared to the never smokers. In the European American analysis, one gene not previously reported for association with CRP reached IBC-wide significance for a CRP-lowering effect in the never smokers ( GSTT1 , p=4.8E-07 for SNP rs405597 ), but not in the ever smokers (p=0.078). CONCLUSION: This large scale candidate gene based meta-analysis identified one novel locus for CRP ( GSTT1 ) associated with serum CRP levels in those reporting having never regularly smoked. Polymorphisms in GSTT1 , which plays a role in detoxification, have previously been reported to interact with smoking for other phenotypes including birth weight and colorectal cancer. We also observed evidence that smoking modifies the effects for previously established loci CRP and IL6R in African Americans. These results may identify important context genetic specific effects that influence chronic inflammation.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ultra-processed Food to the Daily Food Intake of HIV-positive and HIV-Negative Women during Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 588-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa de Oliveira Agostini ◽  
Ester Zoche ◽  
Rafaela da Silveira Corrêa ◽  
Eunice Beatriz Martin Chaves ◽  
Helena von Eye Corleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Trans Fat ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective To assess the daily dietary intake and energy contribution of ultra-processed foods among women who are positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. Methods This case–control study included 77 HIV-positive and 79 HIV-negative puerperal women between 2015 and 2016. The socioeconomic and maternal demographic data were assessed, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for pregnant women was applied. The Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were applied to detect differences between the groups. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between the intake of ultra-processed food and energy, macro- and micronutrients, with values of p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The HIV-positive group was older (p < 0.001) and had lower income (p = 0.016) and level of schooling (p < 0.001) than the HIV-negative group. Both groups presented similar average food intake: 4,082.99 Kcal/day and 4,369.24 Kcal/day for the HIV-positive and HIV-negative women respectively (p = 0.258).The HIV-positive group consumed less protein (p = 0.048), carbohydrates (p = 0.028) and calcium (p = 0.001), and more total fats (p = 0.003). Ultra-processed foods accounted for 39.80% and 40.10% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups' caloric intake respectively (p = 0.893). The intake of these foods was associated with a higher consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.001), trans fat (p = 0.013) and sodium (p < 0.001), as well as lower protein (p < 0.001) and fiber intake (p = 0.022). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the energy consumption and ultra-processed food intake were similar in both groups, which reinforces the trend toward a high intake of ultra-processed food in the general population. The intake of ultra-processed food was positively associated with the consumption of carbohydrates, trans fat and sodium, and negatively associated with the consumption of protein and fiber.

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