Contribution of Ultra-processed Food to the Daily Food Intake of HIV-positive and HIV-Negative Women during Pregnancy

Objective To assess the daily dietary intake and energy contribution of ultra-processed foods among women who are positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. Methods This case–control study included 77 HIV-positive and 79 HIV-negative puerperal women between 2015 and 2016. The socioeconomic and maternal demographic data were assessed, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for pregnant women was applied. The Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were applied to detect differences between the groups. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between the intake of ultra-processed food and energy, macro- and micronutrients, with values of p < 0.05 considered significant. Results The HIV-positive group was older (p < 0.001) and had lower income (p = 0.016) and level of schooling (p < 0.001) than the HIV-negative group. Both groups presented similar average food intake: 4,082.99 Kcal/day and 4,369.24 Kcal/day for the HIV-positive and HIV-negative women respectively (p = 0.258).The HIV-positive group consumed less protein (p = 0.048), carbohydrates (p = 0.028) and calcium (p = 0.001), and more total fats (p = 0.003). Ultra-processed foods accounted for 39.80% and 40.10% of the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups' caloric intake respectively (p = 0.893). The intake of these foods was associated with a higher consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.001), trans fat (p = 0.013) and sodium (p < 0.001), as well as lower protein (p < 0.001) and fiber intake (p = 0.022). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the energy consumption and ultra-processed food intake were similar in both groups, which reinforces the trend toward a high intake of ultra-processed food in the general population. The intake of ultra-processed food was positively associated with the consumption of carbohydrates, trans fat and sodium, and negatively associated with the consumption of protein and fiber.

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Ultra-Processed Foods, Nutrition and Pregnancy: Characteristics of Food Consumption by HIV-Positive Women during Pregnancy

Reproductive Medicine Gynaecology & Obstetrics ◽

10.24966/rmgo-2574/100072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Clarissa De Oliveira Agostini ◽

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Processed Food ◽

Daily Food Intake ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Daily Food ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Hiv Negative

This article aims to provide a commentary on the article “Contribution of Ultra-processed Food to the Daily Food Intake of HIV-positive and HIV-Negative Women during Pregnancy”. Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the woman’s body, modifying her nutritional needs, as well as food intake.

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Consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of overweight and obesity, and weight trajectories in the French cohort NutriNet-Santé

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120003559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Bernard Srour ◽

Marie Beslay ◽

Caroline Méjean ◽

Benjamin Allès ◽

Thibault Fiolet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

Weight Trajectories ◽

Incident Cases

AbstractIntroductionPrevious epidemiological studies have found associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of obesity-related outcomes, such as post-menopausal breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and mortality. However, only one Spanish prospective study has explored the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the risk of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity, as well as the associations between ultra-processed food consumption and weight trajectories, in middle-aged adults included in the French large scale NutriNet-Santé cohort.MethodsOverall, 110260 participants aged at least 18 years from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019) were included. Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records, merged with a food composition database of 3300 different products. These were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and risks of overweight and obesity were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Associations between ultra-processed food intake and weight trajectories were assessed using multivariable linear mixed models for repeated measures with random slope and intercept. Models were adjusted for known risk factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors).ResultsUltra-processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of overweight (n = 7063 incident cases; hazard ratio for an absolute increment of 10 in the percentage of ultra-processed foods in the diet = 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.14); P < 0.0001, median follow-up: 4.1y, 260304 person-years) and obesity (n = 3066 incident cases; HR = 1.09 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.13); P < 0.0001, median follow-up: 8.0y 365344 person-years). Higher consumers of ultra-processed foods (4th quartile) were more likely to present an increase in body mass index over time (change of BMI/time-unit in Q4 vs Q1 = 0.04, P < 0.0001). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (fruits and vegetables and sugary drinks consumption, intakes of saturated fatty acids, sodium, sugar, dietary fiber or Healthy/Western patterns derived by principal component analysis) and after a large range of sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn this large observational prospective study, higher consumption of ultra-processed foods in the diet was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity. Public health authorities in several countries recently started to recommend privileging unprocessed/minimally processed foods and limiting ultra-processed food consumption.

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Abstract P181: Processed food intake is adversely associated with multiple indicators of cardiometabolic health in US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2005-2008)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p181 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Leah Lipsky ◽

Tonja Nansel ◽

Virginia Quick

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Food Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Former Smokers ◽

Never Smokers

Introduction: Reducing intake of ingredients characteristic of processed foods is vital to improving ideal cardiovascular dietary behaviors described in the American Heart Association 2020 Strategic Impact Goals. Hypothesis: We sought to develop an indicator of processed food intake and evaluate its hypothesized adverse relationships with biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: Data from two 24 hour recalls were examined for US adults (>=18y) in NHANES (2005-2008). An index of processed food intake (PFI) was developed using the mean of the standardized (mean=0, standard deviation=1), energy-adjusted (per 1000 kcal) intakes of refined grains, processed meat, discretionary oils, discretionary solid fat, added sugar and sodium. We evaluated bivariate associations of PFI with demographics (sex, poverty-income ratio, education) and behavioral factors (smoking, nutritional supplement use). Multivariable linear regressions were used to examine associations of PFI with BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), and biomarkers for cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, apo-b and c-reactive protein), adjusting for demographic and behavioral covariates. We tested for potential interactions between PFI and weight status, sex, and smoking. Results: PFI was higher in smokers than never smokers (p<.001). PFI was lower for those with at least a college degree than those with less education (p=.004) and for NH White vs. NH Black adults (p=.04). Adjusting for covariates, higher PFI was associated with greater BMI (p<.001) and waist circumference (p<.001), lower HDL-C (p<.001), and higher c-reactive protein (p=.01). Interactions (p<.05) were observed between PFI and sex for predicting BMI, and between PFI and smoking for predicting TC and HDL-C. The magnitude of associations was larger for female vs. male and for current and former smokers vs. non-smokers. No interactions were observed between PFI and weight status. Conclusion: Intake of components characteristic of processed foods is adversely associated with a variety of cardiometabolic biomarkers. Positive associations of PFI with BMI were greater for females vs. males, while associations of PFI with TC and HDL-C were greater for current and former smokers vs. never smokers. The nutritional value of dietary components of PFI is primarily restricted to energy, protein, and sodium, none of which are considered lacking in the diets of US adults. These findings underscore the rationale for encouraging replacing such components with foods that promote cardiovascular health including fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish, legumes, nuts and seeds. Acknowledgment: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.

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Antibody Responses with Fc-Mediated Functions after Vaccination of HIV-Infected Subjects with Trivalent Influenza Vaccine

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00285-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 90 (12) ◽

pp. 5724-5734 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Anne B. Kristensen ◽

William N. Lay ◽

Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz ◽

Hillary A. Vanderven ◽

Vijaya Madhavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Binding Assays ◽

Positive Group ◽

Hiv Negative

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to assess the ability of seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) to induce nonneutralizing antibodies (Abs) with Fc-mediated functions in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected subjects. Functional influenza-specific Ab responses were studied in 30 HIV-negative and 27 HIV-positive subjects immunized against seasonal influenza. All 57 subjects received the 2015 TIV. Fc-mediated antihemagglutinin (anti-HA) Ab activity was measured in plasma before and 4 weeks after vaccination using Fc-receptor-binding assays, NK cell activation assays, and phagocytosis assays. At baseline, the HIV-positive group had detectable but reduced functional Ab responses to both vaccine and nonvaccine influenza antigens. TIV enhanced Fc-mediated Ab responses in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups. A larger rise was generally observed in the HIV-positive group, such that there was no difference in functional Ab responses between the two groups after vaccination. The 2015 TIV enhanced functional influenza-specific Ab responses in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects to a range of influenza HA proteins. The increase in functional Ab responses in the HIV-positive group supports recommendations to immunize this at-risk group.IMPORTANCEInfection with HIV is associated with increasing disease severity following influenza infections, and annual influenza vaccinations are recommended for this target group. However, HIV-infected individuals respond relatively poorly to vaccination compared to healthy individuals, particularly if immunodeficient. There is therefore a need to increase our understanding of immunity to influenza in the context of underlying HIV infection. While antibodies can mediate direct virus neutralization, interactions with cellular Fc receptors may be important for anti-influenza immunityin vivoby facilitating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP). The ability of seasonal influenza vaccines to induce antibody responses with potent Fc-mediated antiviral activity is currently unclear. Probing the ADCC and ADP responses to influenza vaccination has provided important new information in the quest to improve immunity to influenza.

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Current Intake of Ultra-Processed Foods in the U.S. Adult Population According to Education-Level and Income

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 418-418

Author(s):

Filippa Juul ◽

Niyati Parekh ◽

Euridice Martinez-Steele ◽

Carlos Augusto Monteiro ◽

Virginia Chang

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Food Intake ◽

Family Income ◽

Adult Population ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food ◽

High School Degree ◽

Poverty Threshold ◽

Socioeconomic Strata ◽

The U.S

Abstract Objectives Ultra-processed food have been associated with multiple chronic diseases, yet recent data regarding its consumption in the U.S. and potential differences in intake across population groups is lacking. We determined the intake of ultra-processed food across diverse socioeconomic strata in the U.S. adult population. Methods We performed cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake among adults (>20y, N = 9759) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018. Data on dietary intake was collected by 24h dietary recall. Foods were classified as ultra-processed/non ultra-processed according to the NOVA classification. We determined intake of ultra-processed food (%kcal) in the overall sample, and stratified by education (<high school, high school degree, some college, college graduate of above) and family poverty income ratio, (<130%, 130–349% and ≥ 350% of the federal poverty threshold). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess if education and income were independent predictors of ultra-processed food intake, controlling for age, sex and race/ethnicity. Results Ultra-processed foods provided 54% of energy among U.S. adults in 2015–2018. Compared to adults without a high school degree (52%kcal), high school graduates and adults with some college education consumed significantly more ultra-processed foods (57% kcal, P = 0.022 and 57.0% kcal, P = 0.009, resp.), while college graduates consumed significantly less ultra-processed foods (49% kcal, P < 0.001). Adults with a family income of 130–349% of the federal poverty threshold consumed significantly more ultra-processed foods than adults with the lowest family income (56 vs. 54% kcal, P = 0.009). However, intake did not differ significantly between adults with low and high income (52% kcal, P = 0.817). Conclusions This study uniquely describes ultra-processed food consumption across socioeconomic groups in the U.S. population and may inform policies and intervention to reduce intakes of ultra-processed foods and prevent chronic disease outcomes. Although consumption differed across education- and income levels, ultra-processed food intake is high in all socioeconomic strata. Our results highlight the need for public health efforts to reduce ultra-processed food consumption in the U.S. Funding Sources None.

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Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Incident Frailty: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Adults (P01-012-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz028.p01-012-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽

Ruth Blanco-Rojo ◽

Auxiliadora Graciani ◽

Esther Lopez-Garcia ◽

Belén Moreno-Franco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Food Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Processed Food

Abstract Objectives Ultra-processed food intake has been associated with chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ultra-processed food intake and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Prospective cohort study with 1822 individuals aged ≥60 who were recruited during 2008–2010 in Spain. At baseline, food consumption was obtained using a validated computerized face-to-face dietary history. Ultra-processed foods were identified according to the nature and extent of their industrial processing (NOVA classification). In 2012, incident frailty was ascertained based on Fried's criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression and adjusted for the main potential confounders. Results After a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 132 cases of frailty were identified. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for frailty across increasing quartiles of the percentage of total energy intake from ultra-processed foods were: 1.00, 1.52 (0.78–2.96), 2.98 (1.62–5.50), and 3.67 (2.00–6.73); p for linear trend: <0.001. Results were similar when food consumption was expressed as gram per day/body weight. Regarding ultra-processed food groups, the highest versus the lowest tertiles of consumption of yogurts and fermented milks, cakes and pastries, as well as non-alcoholic beverages (instant coffee and cocoa, packaged juices, and other non-alcoholic drinks, excluding soft drinks) were also significantly related to incident frailty. Conclusions Consumption of ultra-processed foods is strongly associated with frailty risk in older adults. Funding Sources Data collection was funded by the following grants: FIS PI16/1512; PI16/1460; PI16/609; PI17/1709 (State Secretary of R + D and FEDER/FSE), the ATHLOS project (EU H2020-Project ID: 635316), the SALAMANDER project (PCIN-2016-145), and the CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

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Epidemiology and Hospital Course of Patients With Acute Salpingitis and Coincident HIV

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744993000213 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 91-93

Author(s):

Iris Ayala-Rodriguez ◽

Joseph Apuzzio

Keyword(s):

Hospitalized Patients ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Negative Group ◽

Positive Group ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

The Mean ◽

Wbc Count ◽

Hiv Seropositive ◽

Hiv Negative

Objective: To compare the epidemiology and hospital course of patients with acute salpingitis with and without coincident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity.Methods: Patients admitted to the UMDNJ-University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1991, with acute salpingitis were studied.Results: Eight percent of all hospitalized patients with acute salpingitis were HIV-positive. The mean age of the HIV-negative group was 25.4 compared with 29.6 years in the HIV-positive group. Gonorrhea and chlamydia were present in 49% and 22%, respectively, in HIV-negatives and in 40% and 20% of HIV-positives. Two of 5 (40%) HIV-positive patients had tuboovarian abscesses compared with 12 of 59 (20%) HIV-negative patients. Three of 5 (60%) HIV-positive patients had admission WBC counts fewer than 10,000/mm3 compared to 6 of 59 (12%) of HIV-negatives (P = 0.024). The hospital stay was 5.4 days for HIV-positives and 5.8 days for HIV-negatives.Conclusions: Eight percent of hospitalized patients with acute salpingitis were HIV-seropositive. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia were commonly found organisms in both groups. The initial WBC count was lower for HIV-positive patients. The hospital course of both groups was similar.

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The effect of HIV status on post-stroke outcomes in personal activities of daily living

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022620902683 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

pp. 710-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hymeri Augustyn ◽

Patricia de Witt ◽

Denise Franzsen

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Daily Living ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Positive Group ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction This study explored the impact of HIV on the functional recovery of personal activities of daily living of stroke survivors. This assisted in identifying possible implications for the rehabilitation of stroke survivors who are also HIV-positive. Method A quantitative, descriptive, longitudinal comparative research design was used to determine the change in personal activities of daily living scores of HIV-negative and HIV-positive stroke survivors from admission to 1 month after discharge. Data were collected at a rehabilitation unit using the South African Database Functional Measure. Results There was no difference in the rate and nature of functional recovery of personal activities of daily living between the two groups between admission and discharge. A difference was noticed during the period from admission to 1 month after discharge, during which the HIV-negative group continued to show improvement, while the HIV-positive group showed little improvement or a decline in personal activities of daily living scores. Conclusions While the rate and nature of functional recovery related to personal activities of daily living for HIV-positive and HIV-negative stroke survivors is similar during inpatient care, discharge planning for the HIV-positive group needs to consider the decline in personal activities of daily living functioning post discharge. Regular follow-ups and the inclusion of the stroke survivors in an outpatient treatment programme is recommended.

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Prevalence of Peripheral Vestibular Impairment in Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Journal of Audiology & Otology ◽

10.7874/jao.2020.00164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 36-42

Author(s):

Alison Millar ◽

Karin Joubert ◽

Alida Naude

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Vestibular Function ◽

Head Impulse Test ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Positive Group ◽

Head Impulse ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Central Compensation ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Negative

Background and Objectives: Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for one of the most serious pandemics to date. The vulnerability of the vestibular system in individuals with HIV has been confirmed, and central vestibular impairments have been frequently reported. However, there are disagreements on the impact of HIV on peripheral vestibular function. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral vestibular impairment, specifically related to the semi-circular canals (SCCs), in HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment.Subjects and Methods: A total of 92 adults between the ages of 18 and 50 years (divided into two groups) participated in the study. The first group comprised HIV-positive individuals receiving ARV treatment (n1=60), and the second group comprised HIV-negative participants (n2=32). The video head impulse test was used to conduct the head impulse paradigm (HIMP).Results: Bilateral normal HIMP results were obtained in 95% of the HIV-positive participants and all HIV-negative participants. The gain of the left posterior SCCs was significantly lower in the HIV-positive group, while the gains of all other canals between the two groups were comparable.Conclusions: The prevalence of peripheral vestibular impairment in the HIV-positive group was not significantly different from that of the HIV-negative group. The reduced prevalence in the current study may be attributed to participant characteristics, the test battery employed, and the central compensation of the vestibular dysfunctions at the later stages of infection.

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Characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women and HIV- and antiretroviral therapy-exposed fetuses: A case-control study

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (08) ◽

pp. 901-907

Author(s):

Tung-Che Hung ◽

Li-Cheng Lu ◽

Mei-Hui Lin ◽

Yu-Chia Hu ◽

Chien-Yu Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Positive Group ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: This study determined risk factors, obstetric comorbidities, and fetal conditions among HIV-positive mothers to improve their maternal care. Methodology: This retrospective case-control study included HIV-positive pregnant women 18 years of age or older and age-, parity-, and delivery method-matched HIV-negative controls between 2011 and 2018. Those who had stillbirth were excluded. Baseline demographics, labor process, CD4 count, plasma HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen were recorded. Fetal conditions were recorded as well. Results: Forty HIV-positive women (45 parities; 22 via NSD, 23 via C/S) were included, with 45 HIV-negative parities as controls. Twenty-nine (72.5%) HIV-positive women had illicit drug use. In the HIV-positive group, 17% received ART prior to first perinatal visit, and 75.6% reached viral suppression pre-delivery. Zidovudine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir were the majorly prescribed ART. Mild perineal lacerations via NSD were observed in HIV-positive women. Fetal body weight was lower in HIV- and ART-exposed fetuses (2665 vs 3010 g, p < 0.001). Preterm delivery PTB (28.9% vs 8.9%, p= 0.015) and small-for gestational age SGA (28.9% vs 8.8%, p = 0.003) rates were higher in the HIV-positive group. There was no vertical transmission of HIV. Conclusions: HIV-positive women tend to deliver fetuses with low body weight and have higher SGA and PTB rates. Given that most women received zidovudine and protease inhibitors, benefits of newer agents for HIV-positive pregnancies should be studied.

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