Abstract 148: The Time Interval Between the R-Wave and Maximum Aortic Pressure Affects Chest Compression Hemodynamics in a Swine Model of Pseudo Electro-Mechanical Dissociation
Introduction: The prevalence of pseudo electro-mechanical dissociation (P-EMD) as an initial cardiac arrest state is increasing. P-EMD manifests a weak ventricular contraction, which is not sufficient to sustain life. However, the presence of a weak ventricular contraction may lead to interference with or synergy with the blood flow generated by a chest compression depending on the time interval between the compression and ventricular contraction. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the interval between a chest compression and the ventricular contraction during P-EMD will influence the hemodynamics created by the chest compression. Methods: Using our well established hypoxic P-EMD model, we measured blood pressures and ECG during mechanical chest compression (100 CPM, 2”). A nearest-neighbor analysis determined the time interval between the R-wave and the peak aortic pressure, defined as t peak AOP - t Rwave . Peak aortic pressures that had more than one R-wave nearest neighbor were excluded. 1,497 chest compressions were analyzed. Intervals were divided into quartiles, and hemodynamic parameters were compared between the quartiles using a repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Results: Interval (int) quartiles were defined as: Q1: int > 100 ms; Q2: 100 ms > int > 0.0 ms; Q3: 0.0ms > int > -90 ms; Q4: - 90 ms > int. Mean arterial pressures (MAP) in mmHg as a function of interval are: Q1: 33.8±0.6; Q2: 41.1±0.6; Q3: 38.3±0.6; Q4: 33.1±0.6. The MAP value for compressions with an interval in Q2 was higher than the other quartiles ( p > 0.05). Coronary perfusion pressures (CPP) in mmHg as a function of interval are: Q1: 11.7±0.5; Q2: 15.3±0.5; Q3: 15.6±0.5; Q4: 12.9±0.5. The CPP values for compressions with an interval in Q2 or Q3 was higher than the other quartiles ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: The interval between the R-wave and the peak aortic pressure generated by a chest compression has a significant effect on the resulting hemodynamics. Shorter intervals, both positive and negative are associated with improved blood pressures during resuscitation from P-EMD. These data suggest that delivery of standard CPR during P-EMD can result in a mix of effective and less effective compressions.