Abstract 48: Plant-based Diet Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiome

Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet index and microbial composition and functionality, as well as the inter-relationships between plant-based diets, gut microbiome, and cardiometabolic risk markers. Design and method: Metagenomic profiling was performed on 916 fecal samples collected among 301 men who participated in the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, a Plant-based Diet Index (PDI) was derived to assess the adherence to a plant-based diets. The associations between PDI adherence and the relative abundance of microbial species and pathways were evaluated using Multivariate Association with Linear Models (MaAsLin2). P values below 0.25 after false discovery rate correction following the Benjamini-Hochberg method were considered statistically significant. Results: After multivariate adjustment, the value of the PDI score was significantly and positively associated with the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (Spearman r=0.10, P=0.005). Specifically, the PDI was significantly associated with the relative abundance of 77 taxa (including 39 species) out of 506 filtered taxa and 15 pathways (out of 80 filtered features). In particular, a higher adherence to the PDI was significantly, positively, associated with of the relative abundance of Firmicutes and of pathways involving degradation of complex plant carbohydrates. It was also inversely associated with the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, as well as pathways involved in the urea cycle and amino acid biosynthesis. We also found that 14 species significantly interacted with PDI in modulating plasma ratio of TG to HDL-C. The association of PDI with lower TG to HDL ratio was significantly strengthened in the presence of the species positively correlated with the PDI score, such as Ruminococcus lactaris , Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Methanobrevibacter smithii or in the absence of the species inversely correlated with the PDI score, such as Paraprevotella spp. Conclusions: A greater adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with a microbial profile featured by higher abundance of species in Firmicutes and depletion of species in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and such a profile may further strengthen the favorable associations between plant-based diets and human cardiometabolic risk.

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Interplay between diet and gut microbiome, and circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide: findings from a longitudinal cohort of US men

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322473 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. gutjnl-2020-322473

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Yanping Li ◽

Kerry L Ivey ◽

Dong D Wang ◽

Jeremy E Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Red Meat ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Meat Intake ◽

Functional Features ◽

Red Meat Intake ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

ObjectivesGut-produced trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is postulated as a possible link between red meat intake and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigated whether gut microbiome could modify associations of dietary precursors with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers among free-living individuals.DesignWe collected up to two pairs of faecal samples (n=925) and two blood samples (n=473), 6 months apart, from 307 healthy men in the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study. Diet was assessed repeatedly using food-frequency questionnaires and diet records. We profiled faecal metagenome and metatranscriptome using shotgun sequencing and identified microbial taxonomic and functional features.ResultsTMAO concentrations were associated with the overall microbial compositions (permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) test p=0.001). Multivariable taxa-wide association analysis identified 10 bacterial species whose abundance was significantly associated with plasma TMAO concentrations (false discovery rate <0.05). Higher habitual intake of red meat and choline was significantly associated with higher TMAO concentrations among participants who were microbial TMAO-producers (p<0.05), as characterised based on four abundant TMAO-predicting species, but not among other participants (for red meat, P-interaction=0.003; for choline, P-interaction=0.03). Among abundant TMAO-predicting species, Alistipes shahii significantly strengthened the positive association between red meat intake and HbA1c levels (P-interaction=0.01). Secondary analyses revealed that some functional features, including choline trimethylamine-lyase activating enzymes, were associated with TMAO concentrations.ConclusionWe identified microbial taxa that were associated with TMAO concentrations and modified the associations of red meat intake with TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers. Our data underscore the interplay between diet and gut microbiome in producing potentially bioactive metabolites that may modulate cardiometabolic health.

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Impact of the gut microbiome on the atorvastatin-dependent modulation of the serum lipidome

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

J Roessler ◽

F Zimmermann ◽

D Schmidt ◽

U Escher ◽

A Jasina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Interindividual Variation ◽

Funding Source ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Atorvastatin Treatment ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

16S Rna ◽

Regulatory Properties

Abstract Background and aims The modulation of serum lipids, in particular of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), by statins varies between individuals. The mechanisms regulating this interindividual variation are only poorly understood. Here, we investigated the relation between the gut microbiome and the regulatory properties of atorvastatin on the serum lipidome using mice with depleted gut microbiome. Methods Over a period of 6 weeks, mice (C57BL/6) with either an intact (conventional mice, CONV, n=24) or antibiotic-based depleted gut microbiome (antibiotic treated mice, ABS, n=16) were put on standard chow diet (SCD) or high fat diet (HFD), respectively. During the last 4 weeks of treatment atorvastatin (Ator, 10mg/kg body weight/day) or control vehicle was administered via daily oral gavage. Blood lipids (total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL-C, HDL-C) and serum sphingolipids were compared among the groups. The expressions of hepatic and intestinal genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Alterations in the gut microbiota profile of mice with intact gut microbiome were examined using 16S RNA qRT-PCR. Results In CONV mice, HFD led to significantly increased blood LDL-C levels as compared with SCD (HFD: 36.8±1.4 mg/dl vs. SCD: 22.0±1.8 mg/dl; P<0.01). In CONV mice atorvastatin treatment significantly reduced blood LDL-C levels after HFD, whereas in ABS mice the LDL-C lowering effect of atorvastatin was markedly attenuated (CONV+HFD+Ator: 31.0±1.8 mg/dl vs. ABS+HFD+Ator: 46.4±3 mg/dl; P<0.01). A significant reduction in the abundance of several plasma lipids, in particular sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids upon atorvastatin treatment was observed in CONV mice, but not in ABS mice. The expressions of distinct hepatic and intestinal cholesterol-regulating genes (ldlr, srebp2, pcsk9 and npc1l1) upon atorvastatin treatment were significantly altered in gut microbiota depleted mice. In response to HFD a decrease in the relative abundance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroides and an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes was observed. The altered ratio between Bacteroides and Firmicutes in HFD fed mice was partly reversed upon atorvastatin treatment. Conclusions Our findings indicate a crucial role of the gut microbiome for the regulatory properties of atorvastatin on the serum lipidome and, in turn, support a critical impact of atorvastatin on the gut microbial composition. The results provide novel insights into potential microbiota related mechanisms underlying interindividual variation in modulation of the serum lipidome by statins, given interindividual differences in microbiome composition and function. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): German Heart Research Foundation

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Unraveling the Gut Microbiome of the Invasive Small Indian Mongoose (Urva auropunctata) in the Caribbean

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9030465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Anne A. M. J. Becker ◽

KC Hill ◽

Patrick Butaye

Keyword(s):

Relative Abundance ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Vegetation Zones ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Metabolic Properties ◽

Small Indian Mongoose

Small Indian mongooses (Urva auropunctata) are among the most pervasive predators to disrupt the native ecology on Caribbean islands and are strongly entrenched in their areas of introduction. Few studies, however, have considered the microbial ecology of such biological invasions. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota of invasive small Indian mongooses in terms of taxonomic diversity and functional potential. To this end, we collected fecal samples from 60 free-roaming mongooses trapped in different vegetation zones on the island Saint Kitts. The core gut microbiome, assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing on the Ion S5TM XL platform, reflects a carnivore-like signature with a dominant abundance of Firmicutes (54.96%), followed by Proteobacteria (13.98%) and Fusobacteria (12.39%), and a relatively minor contribution of Actinobacteria (10.4%) and Bacteroidetes (6.40%). Mongooses trapped at coastal sites exhibited a higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium spp. whereas those trapped in scrubland areas were enriched in Bacteroidetes, but there was no site-specific difference in predicted metabolic properties. Between males and females, beta-diversity was not significantly different and no sex-specific strategies for energy production were observed. However, the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, and more specifically, Enterobacteriaceae, was significantly higher in males. This first description of the microbial profile of small Indian mongooses provides new insights into their bioecology and can serve as a springboard to further elucidating this invasive predator’s impact throughout the Caribbean.

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Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines are associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in Brazilian schoolchildren

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-021-04040-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana De Santis Filgueiras ◽

Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽

Josefina Bressan ◽

Fernanda Martins de Albuquerque ◽

Lara Gomes Suhett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Greater Fructose Consumption Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers and Visceral Adiposity in Adolescents

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.3945/jn.111.150219 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 142 (2) ◽

pp. 251-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Norman K. Pollock ◽

Vanessa Bundy ◽

William Kanto ◽

Catherine L. Davis ◽

Paul J. Bernard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Effects of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive performance and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy 51 to 72 years old subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over study

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2891-11-99 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anne Nilsson ◽

Karl Radeborg ◽

Ilkka Salo ◽

Inger Björck

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Cardiometabolic risk markers, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP) and the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese adolescents

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2016.11.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 77-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Susann Blüher ◽

Jakob Käpplinger ◽

Sabine Herget ◽

Sandra Reichardt ◽

Yvonne Böttcher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Interval Training ◽

Risk Markers ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Acid Binding Protein ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽

The Impact

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Reducing prolonged sedentary time using a treadmill desk acutely improves cardiometabolic risk markers in male and female adults

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2018.1464744 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (21) ◽

pp. 2484-2491 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rachael B Champion ◽

Lindsey R Smith ◽

Jennifer Smith ◽

Bogdana Hirlav ◽

Benjamin D Maylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Male And Female ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

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Associations of Vigorous Gardening With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2021-0207 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jonathan Kingsley ◽

Nyssa Hadgraft ◽

Neville Owen ◽

Takemi Sugiyama ◽

David W. Dunstan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

And Gender ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

This study investigates the associations of vigorous-intensity gardening time with cardiometabolic health risk markers. This cross-sectional study (AusDiab) analyzed 2011–2012 data of 3,664 adults (55% women, mean [range], age = 59.3 [34–94] years) in Australia. Multiple linear regression models examined associations of time spent participating in vigorous gardening (0, <150 min/week, ≥150 min/week) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score and its components, for the whole sample and stratified by age and gender. Of participants, 61% did no vigorous gardening, 23% reported <150 min/week, and 16% reported ≥150 min/week. In the whole sample, spending ≥150 min/week in vigorous gardening was associated with lower CMR (lower CMR score, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides) compared with no vigorous gardening. Stratified analyses suggested that these associations were almost exclusively observed for older adults and women. These findings suggest the public health potential of vigorous-intensity gardening in reducing CMR.

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