Mediterranean Diet Reduces Atherosclerosis Progression in Coronary Heart Disease: An Analysis of the CORDIOPREV Randomized Controlled Trial

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Jimenez-Torres ◽  
Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz ◽  
Jose D. Torres-Peña ◽  
Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal ◽  
Ana Leon-Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background and Purpose: Lifestyle and diet affect cardiovascular risk, although there is currently no consensus about the best dietary model for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The CORDIOPREV study (Coronary Diet Intervention With Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention) is an ongoing prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in 1002 coronary heart disease patients, whose primary objective is to compare the effect of 2 healthy dietary patterns (low-fat rich in complex carbohydrates versus Mediterranean diet rich in extra virgin olive oil) on the incidence of cardiovascular events. Here, we report the results of one secondary outcome of the CORDIOPREV study. Thus, to evaluate the efficacy of these diets in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries (IMT-CC) was ultrasonically assessed bilaterally. IMT-CC is a validated surrogate for the status and future cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: From the total participants, 939 completed IMT-CC evaluation at baseline and were randomized to follow a Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids, <50% carbohydrates) or a low-fat diet (28% fat, 12% monounsaturated fatty acids, >55% carbohydrates) with IMT-CC measurements at 5 and 7 years. We also analyzed the carotid plaque number and height. Results: The Mediterranean diet decreased IMT-CC at 5 years (−0.027±0.008 mm; P <0.001), maintained at 7 years (−0.031±0.008 mm; P <0.001), compared to baseline. The low-fat diet did not modify IMT-CC. IMT-CC and carotid plaque max height were higher decreased after the Mediterranean diet, compared to the low-fat diet, throughout follow-up. Baseline IMT-CC had the strongest association with the changes in IMT-CC after the dietary intervention. Conclusions: Long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in extravirgin olive oil, if compared to a low-fat diet, was associated with decreased atherosclerosis progression, as shown by reduced IMT-CC and carotid plaque height. These findings reinforce the clinical benefits of the Mediterranean diet in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00924937.

Low‐fat diet: case study of a cardiology patient

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanefa A. Apekey ◽  
Anne J.E. Morris ◽  
Shamusi Fagbemi ◽  
G.J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Fat Diet

PurposeHealthy diet and lifestyle have been shown to be important for obese patients in the management of diet‐related diseases especially in the improvement of cardiovascular disease risk indicators. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of a calorie‐restricted low‐fat diet on body weight, cardiovascular disease risk and liver function indicators in an obese, cardiology outpatient with type II diabetes.Design/methodology/approachA male, obese cardiology outpatient was assigned to a calorie‐restricted (6,694.4 kJ/d) low‐fat (not to exceed 20 per cent of total energy intake) diet for 12 weeks. His body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alanine aminotranseferase, aspartate aminotranseferase (AST) concentration and TC/HDL ratio were measured prior to the start of the diet and during weeks four, eight and 12 of the diet.FindingsThe patient found it difficult making changes to his diet and only reduced his weight by 1 kg. He significantly reduced his serum triglyceride by about 20 per cent, TC/HDL ratio by 13 per cent and fasting blood glucose concentration by 31 per cent. However, there was no significant change in his BP, pulse rate, total and LDL cholesterol concentration. He also reduced his AST concentration by 20 per cent and alanine aminotranseferase (ALT) by 19 per cent.Originality/valueThis paper usefully shows how healthier food choices involving increased intake of fruits and vegetables and restricted intake of total and saturated fat reduced the risk of cardiovascular death in a male cardiology outpatient with type II diabetes.

scholarly journals The Medi-RIVAGE study: reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors after a 3-mo intervention with a Mediterranean-type diet or a low-fat diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Vincent-Baudry ◽  
Catherine Defoort ◽  
Mariette Gerber ◽  
Marie-Christine Bernard ◽  
Pierre Verger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet

scholarly journals Study Protocol of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Tackle Obesity through a Mediterranean Diet vs. a Traditional Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents: The MED4Youth Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Noemi Boqué ◽  
Lucía Tarro ◽  
Alice Rosi ◽  
Helena Torrell ◽  
Guillermo Saldaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Youth Obesity

Youth obesity is a strong predictor of adult obesity, which has well-known negative health consequences. Thus, addressing adult obesity requires tackling youth obesity. MED4Youth’s main objective is to strengthen the link between the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the health benefits against youth obesity and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, identifying positive effects exerted by an MD including sourdough bread and healthy products from the Mediterranean basis (chickpeas/hummus, nuts, and pomegranate juice). For this purpose, a multicenter randomized controlled trial in which an MD-based intervention will be compared to a traditional low-fat diet intervention will be carried out with 240 overweight and obese adolescents (13–17 years) from Spain, Portugal, and Italy. Both interventions will be combined with an educational web-application addressed to engage the adolescents through a learning-through-playing approach, using both educational materials and games. To assess the interventions, adherence to the MD, dietary records, physical activity, food frequency, sociodemographic, and quality of life questionnaires as well as classical anthropometric and biochemical parameters will be evaluated. Furthermore, an omics approach will be performed to elucidate whether the interventions can shape the gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites to gain knowledge on the mechanisms through which the MD can exert its beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Association of the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) with Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in US Career Firefighters

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Maria Romanidou ◽  
Grigorios Tripsianis ◽  
Maria Soledad Hershey ◽  
Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽  
Costas Christophi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Score ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Diet Score

The Mediterranean diet is associated with multiple health benefits, and the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) has been previously validated as a measure of Mediterranean diet adherence. The aim of this study was to examine associations between the mMDS and anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters in a sample of career firefighters. The participants were from Indiana Fire Departments, taking part in the “Feeding America’s Bravest” study, a cluster-randomized controlled trial that aimed to assess the efficacy of a Mediterranean diet intervention. We measured Mediterranean diet adherence using the mMDS. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were also collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used. In unadjusted analyses, many expected favorable associations between the mMDS and cardiovascular disease risk factors were found among the 460 firefighters. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, and smoking, a unitary increase in the mMDS remained associated with a decrease of the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (β-coefficient −0.028, p = 0.002) and an increase of HDL-cholesterol (β-coefficient 0.254, p = 0.004). In conclusion, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with markers of decreased cardiometabolic risk. The mMDS score is a valid instrument for measuring adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may have additional utility in research and clinical practice.

Strong inverse associations of Mediterranean diet, physical activity and their combination with cardiovascular disease: The Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez ◽  
Javier Pérez de Rojas ◽  
Alejandro Fernandez-Montero ◽  
Itziar Zazpe ◽  
Miguel Ruiz-Canela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background Inverse associations of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity with cardiovascular disease have been previously reported. We investigated the individual and combined contributions of both to this inverse association in a Mediterranean cohort. Design We used data from 19,536 participants from a prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, the ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ (SUN) cohort, followed up between December 1999 and December 2016. Methods Adherence to the MedDiet was obtained from a 136-item validated food-frequency questionnaire and categorized in tertiles using four previously reported dietary scores. A validated questionnaire assessed the physical activity levels according to volume, intensity and frequency. Results Participants were followed up during a median time of 10.4 years. Compared with the lowest category of adherence to the MedDiet (≤3 in the Mediterranean Diet Score), higher adherence (6–9 points) was strongly inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio = 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20–0.55). Also, engaging in an active lifestyle (6–8 points in an eight-item score) compared with low activity (<2 points) was associated with a reduced risk of incident cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio = 0.43; 95% CI 0.20–0.90). Greater adherence to the MedDiet and engaging in high levels of active lifestyle showed a 75% relatively reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio = 0.25; 95% CI 0.13–0.48). Conclusions The combined effect of adherence to the MedDiet and adopting an active lifestyle showed a synergistic inverse association with cardiovascular disease risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document