Engaging the South: Ming China and Southeast Asia in the Fifteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Wade
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractThe fifteenth century witnessed Ming China expanding its interactions with areas to the south—areas which we today refer to as Southeast Asia. This involved overland political expansion, the gradual incorporation of Tai polities, as well as their economic exploitation. The twenty-year incorporation of the Dai Viêt policy was also part of this process. In the maritime realm, following the early fifteenth-century sending of massive armadas in an attempt to achieve a pax Ming in the region, the Ming court made efforts to ban maritime commerce by non-state players. This paper examines the effects that these various Ming policies had on Southeast Asia in the political, economic, technological, and cultural spheres. Le XVIème siècle vit la multiplication des interventions de la Chine des Ming dans la région aujourd'hui dénommée Asie du Sud-Est. Elles entraînèrent une expansion politique terrestre, l'annexion progressive des royaumes Thaïs et leur exploitation économique. L'incorporation du royaume de Dai Viêt à la Chine durant vingt années, s'inscrit dans le même développement. Dans le domaine maritime, le début du XVIème siècle est marqué par l'envoi d'armadas qui tentèrent d'imposer la pax Ming dans l'Asie du Sud-Est., la cour Ming s'efforçant d'exclure le négoce privé du commerce maritime. Cette contribution étudie les effets de l'ensemble des stratégies des Ming en Asie du Sud-Est dans la sphère politique, économique, technologique et culturelle.

scholarly journals REVIEWS: Optimistic view of the Pacific's Fourth Estate and education

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
Charles Riddle
Keyword(s):  
South Pacific ◽  
The Political ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
The South ◽  
Fourth Estate ◽  
Politics And Education ◽  
Media Politics ◽  
University Level ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Political Economic

Review of Mekim Nius: South Pacific media, politics and education, by David RobieAt its core, Mekim Nius argues a clear position university level education is central to the health of South Pacific journalism and its democracies. To do this Robie is ambitious with the book's scope, declaring three broad aims: a study of the critical influence of teritary education on Pacific journalists and their profession; an analysis of the political, economic and legal frameworks in which Fiji and PNG journalists have operated since; and outline of the development of journalism education in the South Pacific. 

Thailand in 2004: The ““Crisis in the South””

Asian Survey ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Albritton
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
The South ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Local Police ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Government Change

News about Thailand in 2004 was dominated by the ““Crisis in the South.”” Daily assassinations of local police, soldiers, religious leaders, and other civilians marked a level of insurgency beyond that in other regions of Southeast Asia and one not seen in Thailand for over 30 years. The recurrent violence represents a serious challenge to the nation and at this juncture, it is unclear whether Thailand will concede to irredentism, initiate more local autonomy, or settle for a protracted period of political unrest. These events dominated the political picture in preparation for parliamentary elections scheduled for February 2005 and clouded the premise of a stabilizing economy and programs of government change unprecedented in recent Thai history.

scholarly journals Russian Expats in Southeast Asia and Their Role in Economy, Politics and Intellectual Sphere

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-229
Author(s):  
Larissa S. Ruban ◽  
◽  
Мaksim А. Ananjin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Economic

The article provides an overview of the emergence and development of Russian diaspora in Southeast Asia. The authors trace the reasons for the exodus of emigrants from their historical homeland, adaptation in the re-ceiving countries, and how the relations of Russian expats with the receiving side have evolved and are now taking shape. On the basis of quantitative comparison and qualitative analysis, it is shown what role the Russian diasporas play in the countries of Southeast Asia, what is their influence on the political, economic and intellectual sphere of these countries.

MITO E COLá”NIAS NA REPUBLICA DE WEIMAR Tabu, uma história dos mares do Sul de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1931)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
CATHERINE REPUSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Donna Haraway ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Jeune Fille

A desconstrução do pensamento colonial não é apanágio das vozes pós-coloniais contemporá¢neas que concentram suas análises sobre a questão da percepção da alteridade a partir de uma mirada saá­da das ”periferias” e dirigida ao ”centro”. No seu último filme Tabu, uma história dos mares do Sul (1931), Friedrich W. Murnau denuncia a destruição das culturas extra-européias, notadamente da cultura polinesiana, sob a influência de um intervencionismo polá­tico, económico e cultural europeu. Mas ele insiste, igualmente, sobre a propensão das ”culturas naturais” (Donna Haraway) engendrarem sua própria destruição. Toda a tentativa de emancipação, ilustrada pelo amor proibido que um jovem pescador de pérolas nutre por uma esplêndida jovem, transgride o interdito e leva a morte. Assim, o filme de Murnau, situado entre o documentário e a ficção expressionista, coloca em cena perfeitamente o rejeito da modernidade ocidental, questionando, ao mesmo tempo, a ideia de retorno á s origens. Este questionamento confere a Tabu uma força particular, especialmente no contexto polá­tico da Alemanha dos anos 30.Palavras-chave: Murnau. Cinema. Polinésia. Modernidade. Tradição.Myth and Colonies in the Weimar Republic  Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau”™s Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (1931)Abstract:  Contemporary postcolonial scholars, whose approaches focus on the perception of the Other using a counter-gaze from the ”˜peripheries”™ towards the ”˜centre”™, are not alone in having endeavoured to deconstruct colonial thought. In his last film  Tabu, eine Geschichte aus der Sá¼dsee  (1931), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau denounced the destruction of non-European cultures (Polynesian in that case) under the influence of the political, economic and cultural European interventionism. He also highlighted the inclination of ”˜culturenatures”™ (Donna Haraway) to generate their own destruction. All attempts at emancipation, including the young pearl diver Matahi”™s forbidden love for the beautiful girl, come up against the immutable taboo dictated by the priest Hitu, who represents Tradition (and murders Matahi), and are doomed to end in death. Halfway between documentary and expressionistic fiction,  Tabu  is a brilliant depiction of the rejection of Western modernity and meditation on the idea of a return to the origins ”“ a particularly resonant work, especially given the political context of Germany in the 1930s.Keywords:  Murnau. Cinema. Polynesia. Modernity. Tradition.  Mythe et colonies dans l”™Allemagne de Weimar  Tabou, une histoire des mers du Sud de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1931)Résumée  :  La déconstruction de la pensée coloniale n”™est pas l”™apanage des voix postcoloniales contemporaines qui concentrent leurs approches sur la question de la perception de l”™altérité á  partir d”™un contre-regard issu des ”˜périphéries”™ et dirigées vers ”˜un centre”™. Dans son dernier film  Tabu, eine Geschichte aus der Sá¼dsee  (1931), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau dénonce la destruction des cultures extra-européennes, en l”™occurrence de la culture polynésienne, sous l”™influence d”™un interventionnisme politique, économique et culturel européen. Mais il insiste également sur la propension des «  culturenatures   » (Donna Haraway) á  générer leur propre destruction. Toute tentative d”™émancipation, illustrée par l”™amour interdit qu”™un jeune pêcheur de perles Matahi porte á  une splendide jeune fille, Réri, brise en effet l”™immuable tabou dicté par le prêtre Hitu, représentant de la Tradition (et assassin de Matahi) et ne peut que mener á  la mort. Ainsi, le film de Murnau, se situant entre documentaire et fiction expressionniste, met-il parfaitement en scá¨ne le rejet de la modernité occidentale tout en interrogeant l”™idée de retour aux origines. Ce questionnement confá¨re á   Tabu  une force particuliá¨re, notamment dans le contexte politique de l”™Allemagne des années 30.Mots clés: Murnau. Cinéma. Polynésie. Modernité. Tradition.

Biography, Life History and Orality

Hawwa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Richter-Devroe
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Cultural Constraints

The paper traces the ordinary—yet extraordinary—life story of a Bedouin woman, Amneh, in historic Southern Palestine from the 1930s to the 1970s. Amneh’s oral narratives and memories combine the personal and the political, drawing a picture of the lives that the often forgotten Palestinian Bedouin population of the South lived before, during and after theNakba, the Palestinian Catastrophe of 1948. Her counter-narrative challenges and complicates the hegemonic settler-colonial, ethno-nationalist, elite and male-dominated historiography of the region, and confirms her as an historical actor who finds her ways through difficult social, political, economic and cultural constraints. Although unique, her story is not exceptional, nor is it representative of ‘Bedouin women of the Naqab’. Rather, it offers a lens through which the much more intricate and messy historical realities in the Naqab can be unfolded. As such, Amneh’s biography, as told by her, is also telling of the wider social and political dynamics, relations and events in the region at the time.

The Return of Sophisticated Maritime Piracy to Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Justin V. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Abu Sayyaf Group ◽  
The Face ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Political Economic

What explains the recent (perhaps temporary) resurgence of sophisticated maritime pirate attacks in Southeast Asia in the face of strong regional counter-piracy efforts? Given Southeast Asian countries' relatively well-functioning institutions, political, economic, and conflict-related explanations for the return of piracy are incomplete. As an innovative extension to structural arguments on piracy incidence, we take an approach that focuses on adaptation by the pirates themselves, using incident-level data derived from the International Maritime Organization to track how sophisticated pirate organizations have changed what, where, and how they attack. In response to counter-piracy efforts that are designed to deny pirates the political space, time, and access to economic infrastructure they need to bring their operations to a profitable conclusion, pirates have adapted their attacks to minimize dependence on those factors. Within Southeast Asia, this adaptation varies by the type of pirate attack: ship and cargo seizures have shifted to attacks that move quickly, ignore the ship, and strip only cargo that can be sold profitably, while kidnappings involve taking hostages off ships to land bases in the small areas dominated by insurgent groups. The result is a concentration of ship and cargo seizures in western archipelagic Southeast Asia, and a concentration of kidnappings in areas near Abu Sayyaf Group strongholds.

scholarly journals Mletački kaštel u Zadru

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Emil Hilje
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Served ◽  
Venetian Republic ◽  
The Town

The medieval fortifications of Zadar were developed and enriched during the centuries as a consequence of changes in the entire defensive system of the town but also due to the political circumstances. Two main forts stood on opposite parts of the town, one facing away from the sea, next to the entrance from the moat (Foša) in the south corner, and the other at the entrance to the harbour in the north corner of the town. The information about the original fort next to the harbour entrance, which defended the chain barring enemy ships from entering the harbour, is scarce. However, after the famous Venetian siege and fall of Zadar in 1346, this fort was completely rebuilt and even given a new role. In 1437, the Venetian government decided to pierce the town walls and excavate a moat around the fortification, which would be filled with sea water, in order to create an open space around the fortification facing the town for defensive reasons. In other words, the nearby houses were torn down. In such a way the fortification, rather than being a fort which protects the town from external attacks,  became a fort in which the Venetian crew could, in case of a new rebellion, fight off the attacks from the town itself, receive supplies from the sea, and enable its fleet to enter the town harbour. In this way the Venetian fortification at Zadar became a variant of sorts of ancient citadels which represented the last line of defence in the cases when the enemies reach the town itself, and, at the same time, served as a stronghold of the ruling governments against the town. The relief of the winged lion, symbol of the Venetian Republic, incorporated in the façade of the ‘Little Armory’, is one of the best reliefs of that type at Zadar, and it can be dated to mid-fifteenth century and brought into connection with a group of artists from the circle of Juraj Dalmatinac.

scholarly journals AIRLANGGA: HIS RELATIONS TO KINGS IN SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ninie Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Route Network ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

After 1,000 years of C.E, it was the most crucial period in the journey of Southeast Asian ancient history. Many fundamental transitions happened, which were caused by disturbances from the outside of the Southeast Asian countries, as well as, from the countries within Southeast Asia. Casparis was a scholar who wrote about King Airlangga’s rule in Java (1019 – 1043 C.E) and who called him “A True Personality” because he succeeded in helping his people going through difficult times when the state faced devastation. Coedès placed Airlangga in a position equal to that of other kings of mainland Southeast Asia, such as King Suryawarman (who ruled Khmer from 1002 to 1050), and King Aniruddha of Pagan (1044 – 1077). The content of King Airlangga’s inscriptions reflected his broad networks in politics, economy, and religion to many kings in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, his reforming ideas was – believed – inspired by his networks. During his ruling period, his ideas of reformation had granted him as a great king. He managed to raise his kingdom from the devastation caused by Pralaya in 1016 by using as an analogy, a policy which was formed through the political, economic and religious conditions implemented by other neighboring kings, to his domestic problem. The result of which is that it was an intense relationship between the kings in Southeast Asia and South Asia and King Airlangga during the spice route network and other products. This relationship continued until Majapahit era in Java, according to the inscriptions.

A Representation of Almost Every Interest and Pursuit in the Union

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Idea ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter explores the political, economic, and social trajectory of the Border South during the decade of the 1850s. Utilizing census data, it demonstrates the importance of slavery to the Border South and its inhabitants. Moreover, this chapter emphasizes that Border South politicians were quite in touch with the politics of slavery, not unlike politicians in the other eleven slaveholding states. The chapter illuminates the diversity of the Border South economy over the course of the 1850s, and compares the region’s economy to the rest of the South. It also shows how the Democratic Party had made great gains in the Border South over the decade and suggests that some white border southerners had by the end of the 1850s embraced the radical political idea of secession.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

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