MITO E COLá”NIAS NA REPUBLICA DE WEIMAR Tabu, uma história dos mares do Sul de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1931)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
CATHERINE REPUSSARD
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mots Clés ◽  
Donna Haraway ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Jeune Fille

A desconstrução do pensamento colonial não é apanágio das vozes pós-coloniais contemporá¢neas que concentram suas análises sobre a questão da percepção da alteridade a partir de uma mirada saá­da das ”periferias” e dirigida ao ”centro”. No seu último filme Tabu, uma história dos mares do Sul (1931), Friedrich W. Murnau denuncia a destruição das culturas extra-européias, notadamente da cultura polinesiana, sob a influência de um intervencionismo polá­tico, económico e cultural europeu. Mas ele insiste, igualmente, sobre a propensão das ”culturas naturais” (Donna Haraway) engendrarem sua própria destruição. Toda a tentativa de emancipação, ilustrada pelo amor proibido que um jovem pescador de pérolas nutre por uma esplêndida jovem, transgride o interdito e leva a morte. Assim, o filme de Murnau, situado entre o documentário e a ficção expressionista, coloca em cena perfeitamente o rejeito da modernidade ocidental, questionando, ao mesmo tempo, a ideia de retorno á s origens. Este questionamento confere a Tabu uma força particular, especialmente no contexto polá­tico da Alemanha dos anos 30.Palavras-chave: Murnau. Cinema. Polinésia. Modernidade. Tradição.Myth and Colonies in the Weimar Republic  Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau”™s Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (1931)Abstract:  Contemporary postcolonial scholars, whose approaches focus on the perception of the Other using a counter-gaze from the ”˜peripheries”™ towards the ”˜centre”™, are not alone in having endeavoured to deconstruct colonial thought. In his last film  Tabu, eine Geschichte aus der Sá¼dsee  (1931), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau denounced the destruction of non-European cultures (Polynesian in that case) under the influence of the political, economic and cultural European interventionism. He also highlighted the inclination of ”˜culturenatures”™ (Donna Haraway) to generate their own destruction. All attempts at emancipation, including the young pearl diver Matahi”™s forbidden love for the beautiful girl, come up against the immutable taboo dictated by the priest Hitu, who represents Tradition (and murders Matahi), and are doomed to end in death. Halfway between documentary and expressionistic fiction,  Tabu  is a brilliant depiction of the rejection of Western modernity and meditation on the idea of a return to the origins ”“ a particularly resonant work, especially given the political context of Germany in the 1930s.Keywords:  Murnau. Cinema. Polynesia. Modernity. Tradition.  Mythe et colonies dans l”™Allemagne de Weimar  Tabou, une histoire des mers du Sud de Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (1931)Résumée  :  La déconstruction de la pensée coloniale n”™est pas l”™apanage des voix postcoloniales contemporaines qui concentrent leurs approches sur la question de la perception de l”™altérité á  partir d”™un contre-regard issu des ”˜périphéries”™ et dirigées vers ”˜un centre”™. Dans son dernier film  Tabu, eine Geschichte aus der Sá¼dsee  (1931), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau dénonce la destruction des cultures extra-européennes, en l”™occurrence de la culture polynésienne, sous l”™influence d”™un interventionnisme politique, économique et culturel européen. Mais il insiste également sur la propension des «  culturenatures   » (Donna Haraway) á  générer leur propre destruction. Toute tentative d”™émancipation, illustrée par l”™amour interdit qu”™un jeune pêcheur de perles Matahi porte á  une splendide jeune fille, Réri, brise en effet l”™immuable tabou dicté par le prêtre Hitu, représentant de la Tradition (et assassin de Matahi) et ne peut que mener á  la mort. Ainsi, le film de Murnau, se situant entre documentaire et fiction expressionniste, met-il parfaitement en scá¨ne le rejet de la modernité occidentale tout en interrogeant l”™idée de retour aux origines. Ce questionnement confá¨re á   Tabu  une force particuliá¨re, notamment dans le contexte politique de l”™Allemagne des années 30.Mots clés: Murnau. Cinéma. Polynésie. Modernité. Tradition.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

Tribal associations, tribal solidarity, and tribal chauvinism in a Kenya town

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tamarkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

From a close analysis of African activities and actions in the Kenyan town of Nakuru from the 19205 to the 1960s, it is argued that living in towns tended to consolidate the identities of tribal groups and to exacerbate their differences. Contrasts between the urban responses of the Kikuyu, on the one hand, and the Western Kenyan tribes, the Luo and the Abaluhya, on the other, are analysed, and are related to differences in the tribal structures and in the political, economic and social changes that were taking place in their rural areas. By the early 1960s, the stage was set for open political competition between tribal groups.

Gender, Hisba and The Enforcement of Morality in Northern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima L. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Religious Establishment ◽  
And Function

Vigilantism is a term often used to describe any form of policing and ordering that is non-state, and under analysis ‘vigilantism’ has often emerged as negative, associated with violence and violation of individual rights. However, a closer examination of the origin, practice, function and structure of some of the groups often referred to as vigilantes in Nigeria has revealed that not all of them fit into our understanding of vigilantes as gangs of youths that mete out violence and jungle justice to their victims. Some of these vigilantes have their roots in the community and are a preferred form of policing in Nigeria. Many such groups exist across the shari‘a states of northern Nigeria, drawing their legitimacy from different and sometimes competing sources: the Yan'banga from the Hausa traditional and communal establishment, the hisba from the religious establishment and the Yan'achaba from the political establishment. What can we say about the operation, structure and function of these various `vigilantes'? How is the politicking and struggle between religio-political and Hausa traditionalist elites shaping and reforming these three forms? What impact does this struggle have on women and the vulnerable? This article has two aims. One is to question the over-generalization associated with vigilantism in Nigeria by analysing one form of vigilantism – hisba – within the context of informal policing in Zamfara and Kano states. The other is to situate the issue of vigilantes within the northern Nigerian political context rather than within a simple moral framework that casts vigilantes as violent criminals.

The “Imagined Other”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Deepa Nair
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Council ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Bharatiya Janata Party ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
And Training

In 2014, the National Democratic Alliance, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), won the general election with the highest number of seats won by any party since 1984 and went on to win a second term victory in 2019. Since the rise of the BJP, Hindu nationalist interventions into education have increased. Their agenda has been to “indigenise, nationalise and spiritualise” education in India. To this end, textbooks were written to promote a Hindu majoritarian idea of India that sees Hindus as the primary citizens of India and categorizes Muslims as the “other”. This article outlines the political context in which Hindu nationalists have recently attempted to rewrite Indian history by focusing on the period of Muslim rule in India. It looks at textbooks published by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and media reports about regional history rewriting in India.

Diversified Architectural Model: Chinese-and-Western Architectural Style of Residences in Ancient Town of Nanxun

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Xin Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Climate ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Aesthetic Taste ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Opening Up

On the one hand, the opening up of the trading ports in the late 19th century has blocked the way of independent development of national capitalism, but on the other hand, it also exploited a vast market for the development of national capitalism, and promoted its own development. Zhejiang silk traders took this opportunity to go abroad for accepting foreign cultures and new ideas which were also reflected on the architectures. Their residences have broken the styles of the Chinese traditional architectures which are made of wood, stone, pantile, etc. and blended the western architectural culture elements in the roof form and facade material of the buildings. With Chinese style outside and western style inside, with elegance outside and dominance inside, the residences mainly make a perfect combination of Chinese pattern and western pattern. Based on the political, economic and social climate of the time, this article seeks the design features and aesthetic taste of Chinese and Western architectures.

Engaging the South: Ming China and Southeast Asia in the Fifteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Wade
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Politique Économique ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractThe fifteenth century witnessed Ming China expanding its interactions with areas to the south—areas which we today refer to as Southeast Asia. This involved overland political expansion, the gradual incorporation of Tai polities, as well as their economic exploitation. The twenty-year incorporation of the Dai Viêt policy was also part of this process. In the maritime realm, following the early fifteenth-century sending of massive armadas in an attempt to achieve a pax Ming in the region, the Ming court made efforts to ban maritime commerce by non-state players. This paper examines the effects that these various Ming policies had on Southeast Asia in the political, economic, technological, and cultural spheres. Le XVIème siècle vit la multiplication des interventions de la Chine des Ming dans la région aujourd'hui dénommée Asie du Sud-Est. Elles entraînèrent une expansion politique terrestre, l'annexion progressive des royaumes Thaïs et leur exploitation économique. L'incorporation du royaume de Dai Viêt à la Chine durant vingt années, s'inscrit dans le même développement. Dans le domaine maritime, le début du XVIème siècle est marqué par l'envoi d'armadas qui tentèrent d'imposer la pax Ming dans l'Asie du Sud-Est., la cour Ming s'efforçant d'exclure le négoce privé du commerce maritime. Cette contribution étudie les effets de l'ensemble des stratégies des Ming en Asie du Sud-Est dans la sphère politique, économique, technologique et culturelle.

scholarly journals The Value of Constitutional Values: An Exploratory Study of the Constitutions of India and Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Christian Alexander Bauer ◽  
Harald J Bolsinger
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Globalized World

This article is an attempt to understand “Bounds of Ethics in a Globalized World”, the hiatus between principles, norms and values and how they are codified on the one hand and the risks that follow when the actualisations of regulative principles fail in political reality on the other hand. Considering the political, economic and social reality, it is frequently diagnosed that reality is lagging far behind the potential of constitutionally guaranteed rights and duties. A variety of constitutionally guaranteed values suffers from devaluation. Taking examples from Bavaria in Germany, questions concerning whether the Bavarian society is at the borders of ethical capacities, or whether the limits of possible ethical regulation have been reached are dealt with. Important parallels in the genesis of the Bavarian and the Indian constitution are highlighted in this context. Through an understanding of the ideas of Ludwig Erhard, a pragmatic approach and an innovative model is proposed for cultivating values in a sustainable way. The importance of values of virtues is discussed and an emphasis is put on the importance of practiced virtues.

US-China Competition in Eurasia

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-190
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Markey
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Benign Neglect ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter summarizes the interplay between China and South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East, then assesses the geopolitical implications for America, and offers recommendations for US policy. Marshalling evidence from previous chapters, it shows that anticipating the political consequences of China’s overseas activities in any particular instance requires an appreciation of the other state’s preexisting domestic political-economic conditions and geopolitical relationships. It finds that across Eurasia, China’s involvement tends to undercut healthy pressure for economic and political reform within states and appears to be exacerbating or rekindling tensions among them. The chapter evaluates current US policy in the context of global competition with China and identifies a range of strategies for Eurasia, including “benign neglect,” “peaceful accommodation,” “critical publicity,” “selective competition,” and “militarized competition.” To make the most of America’s limited influence, it argues that US policymakers should pursue a selective and localized strategy in Eurasia.

scholarly journals Making exit costly but efficient: the political economy of exit clauses and secession

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Martijn Huysmans ◽  
Christophe Crombez
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article presents a political economic analysis of exit from federations. After the federation has formed, members’ benefits from it may be different than expected. If a member ends up not benefitting, it may wish to secede i.e. exit the federation. Based on formal models, we show how state-contingent exit penalties can induce socially efficient exit decisions: they force the secessionist member to take into account the lost benefits of the federation for the other. Even if ex-ante specified exit penalties cannot be made state-contingent, they may still enhance social welfare by preventing forceful exit. Empirical evidence concerning Montenegro, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the EU is compatible with these claims. In spite of the simplifications inherent to any modeling exercise, we hope that our results stimulate more research into exit clauses as a means to mitigate the problem of violent secessionism.

scholarly journals Ideological Background of Political and Economic Entries in Explanatory Dictionaries of the Albanian Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Shpëtim Elezi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract This paper analyses the explanations of the lexical units of the political-economic field in three explanatory dictionaries of the Albanian language and investigates the ideological element that appears in these lexical units. These political and economic lexemes in the Albanian language dictionaries of 1954, 1980 and 2006 constitute the corpus and the object of this research. Since the first explanatory dictionary of Albanian (1954) to date, in this 70-year period, the Albanian society has experienced a boom of political and social changes. However, different political and economic ideas and tendencies revealed during this period have been marked by certain words reflected in these dictionaries through various meaningful explanations. Of course, in this regard, certain political and economic ideologies of this period have also exerted their own impact. Thus, the particular vocabulary of political and economic fields, drawn from these three dictionaries, has been subjected to the analysis of semantic features according to the semic analysis method. Variants of the meaningful explanations of the concepts marked from one dictionary to the other have been observed, identified and compared through this technique. Consequently, by identifying and comparing the common and distinctive elements that characterize certain words, the ideological background in their semantic structure, which has interfered in the explanation of the meanings of the lexical units of these two respective fields, has been investigated.

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