Strategic Differences: Seneca and Plutarch on Controlling Anger

Mnemosyne ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn a span of less than a century, Seneca and Plutarch both wrote works arguing against anger. This article studies these texts as speech acts, that is, as discourses through which the authors, by various means, seek to produce a certain effect in their readers. The comparison of several parallel passages from Seneca's On Anger and Plutarch's On the Control of Anger with regard to genre, philosophical technicality, rhetorical strategies, and specific argumentation brings to the fore how Seneca, in his plea for the eradication of anger, instills a concept of virtue substantially different from what most Romans would be familiar with, whereas Plutarch promotes the control of anger as an important part of the way a gentleman presents himself in a civilised society.

Speech Acts by the Governor Candidates of North Sumatera in Political Debates

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Dwi Amalia Zati ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Lince Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Way ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of the research were to describe the types of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera, to derive the dominant type of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera and to elaborate the way of five governor candidates of North Sumatera use speech acts in televised political debates. This research was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research. The findings show that there were only four types of speech acts used in televised political debates, Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara, they were assertives, directives, commissives and expressives. The dominant type of speech acts used in both televised political debates was assertives, with 82 utterances or 51.6% in Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and 36 utterances or 41.37% in Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara. The way of governor candidates of North Sumatera used speech acts in televised political debates is in direct speech acts, they spoke straight to the point and clearly in order to make the other candidates and audiences understand their utterances.   Keywords: Governor Candidate; Political Debate; Speech Acts

De Se Assertion

2018 ◽  
pp. 457-479
Author(s):  
Isidora Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
De Se ◽  
Essential Indexical ◽  
The Way

De se attitudes, that is, attitudes that we have about ourselves in a first-personal way, have long been recognized as interestingly different from other attitudes. However, speech acts and, in particular, assertions that we make about ourselves have barely begun to draw philosophers’ attention. This chapter discusses some recent proposals that aim to bridge the gap between the significance of the de se phenomena in thought and the way that we express those attitudes in language. Section 1 provides some background on the de se and the essential indexical. Section 2 surveys proposals that make use of centered contents in modeling assertion and communication. Section 3 discusses the main motivations for the idea that centered contents are not only the contents of de se attitudes but also of the corresponding assertions.

Indeterminacy as Indecision, Lecture II: Seeing through the Clouds

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (11) ◽  
pp. 617-642
Author(s):  
John MacFarlane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
General Response ◽  
The Way

One approach to the problem is to keep the orthodox notion of a proposition but innovate in the theory of speech acts. A number of philosophers and linguists have suggested that, in cases of felicitous underspecification, a speaker asserts a “cloud” of propositions rather than just one. This picture raises a number of questions: what norms constrain a “cloudy assertion,” what counts as uptake, and how is the conversational common ground revised if it is accepted? I explore three different ways of answering these questions, due to Braun and Sider, Buchanan, and von Fintel and Gillies. I argue that none of them provide a good general response to the problem posed by felicitous underspecification. However, the problems they face point the way to a more satisfactory account, which innovates in the theory of content rather than the theory of speech acts.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Directive Illocutionary Acts in the Movie “Penguin of Madagascar”

HUMANIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Gusti Alit Mahendra ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Gede Sosiowati ◽  
Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
The Social ◽  
Context Of Situation ◽  
The Way ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The study entitled “Direct and Indirect Directive Illocutionary Acts in the Movie Penguin of Madagascar” is aimed at identifying the direct and indirect directive types of illocutionary acts and explaining and analyzing the meaning of the utterances interpreted by the listeners. The data of this study were taken from the movie entitled Penguins of Madagascar, and it was chosen because of many utterances identified as directive of illocutionary acts. The observation and documentation methods were used in collecting the data since the data were obtained from the spoken source in the movie. The data were analyzed using the descriptive qualitative method since the purpose of this study is to analyze the social phenomena like speech acts. The first theory proposef by Bach and Harnish (1979: 47) is used to analyze the type of directive of illocutionary acts. The second theory, the context of situation proposed by Dell Hymes (1972, is used to analyze the meaning of directive of illocutionary acts that can be interpreted by the listeners. There are six types of directive of illocutionary act proposed by Bach and Harnish (1979). They are requestives, questions, requirements, permissives, prohibitives and advisories. In this study, several types of directive illocutionary were found in the movie, except the indirect question, and direct prohibitive. The way the listeners interpret the meaning depends on the context of situation.

scholarly journals Evaluation in English-Medium Medical Book Reviews

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Alcaraz Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
British Medical Journal ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Medical Book

The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to identify the evaluative speech acts, either positive or negative, contained in a corpus of 30 English-written medical book reviews published in <em>The British Medical Journal</em> in the period 2000-2009; 2) to analyze the linguistic-rhetorical strategies used to convey this evaluation. Our main results illustrate that various mitigating strategies are used not only to soften criticism, but also to help maintain social harmony and solidarity with the reviewees. Moreover, negative evaluation is on many occasions voiced at aspects outside the book reviewed, which would mean that apart from showing their expertise in the field tackled, book reviewers also want to discuss certain issues of their concern and to put forward their cultural background.

Echolocation, figuration and tellings: rhetorical strategies in Romeo and Juliet

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Romeo And Juliet ◽  
The Way

Romeo and Juliet has often been considered one of Shakespeare’s most self-conscious explorations into language and how it signifies. This article explores what three specific rhetorical strategies imply about how language communicates. First, it looks at the logical power of figuration and how it breaks down language into ambivalence, ambiguity and double-meaning. Second, it introduces the term ‘echolocation’ to allow for a study of the way patterns of repetition of identical or similar sounds and words within different figures can convey argument, and follows the indications of crisis, balance and stasis in the language of the text, and third it examines tellings, retellings and foretellings, as they expose language attempting to determine and simultaneously destabilize significance. While the focus of the study is on the action of language, some consideration is made of the way that identity and language are open to analogous patterns of construction and limitation, and how the reader, audience and theatre practitioner may use those patterns in building a sense of character-part.

scholarly journals Die Areopagusrede (Hand. 17:22-31) – ’n verkenning van homiletiese elemente

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J.H. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

The Areopagus speech (Acts 17:22-31) – an exploration of homiletical elements In this article certain guidelines are developed from a selection of definitions for preaching and also from relevant data about the process of compiling and evaluating sermons. The aim in developing these guidelines was to establish parameters for the exploration of the Areopagus speech. It was established that the way in which listeners is addressed, and also the link-up with the situation of the listeners to the speech, can be considered as important homiletical elements. Together with these elements the structure of the speech as well as the transitions in the speech can be regarded as major homiletical elements in the body of the sermon. The trinitarian revelation of God in this speech and also the balance between indicative, imperative and promise mark this speech as a sermon. The elements of cohesion and progression are perceptibly present in this speech with the result that the introduction (God creates and grants life) links up well with the climax (eternal life through the resurrection of Christ).

Dialog und Heteroglossie im Faunus von Sibylla Schwarz

Daphnis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-02) ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Paola Bozzi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Pastoral Work ◽  
Literary Style ◽  
Search For Self ◽  
Male Discourse ◽  
Difficult Dialogue ◽  
The Way

In her pastoral work Faunus, Sibylla Schwarz reproduces the male discourse exactly, but with a female voice, which is, therefore, different and new. The author knows how to stylize different kinds of texts and tailor them to different speech acts. In the search for self-assurance and the suitable literary style, she stages a difficult dialogue of perspectives and voices. This paper investigates the extent to which her own and another’s voice interpenetrate, and the way in which meaning positions of speaker, addressee, and of what is discussed are expressed.

Internal e-mail communication in the workplace: Is there an “East-West divide”?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Ly
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Role Enactment ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Business Units ◽  
E Mail ◽  
East West ◽  
The Way

AbstractWesterners are often depicted in intercultural communication literature as direct and Asians indirect when they communicate. If their communication styles are so different, however, how can they understand each other and collaborate in the workplace? The present article looks at internal e-mail communication in the workplace. More specifically, the aim of this article is twofold: first, to analyze the way Western employees formulate three different speech acts (request, criticism, and disagreement) when writing internal work e-mails to their Asian colleagues, and second, to examine the way these e-mails are perceived by the Asian employees in terms of politeness, friendliness, and clarity. The data consists of 182 elicited e-mails produced by Western employees using role enactment and 33 perception questionnaires collected in different Asian business units of an international company. The procedure to analyze the elicited e-mails is inspired by the CCSARP while the questionnaires are analyzed following sociolinguistics studies. Last, the discussion of the results is anchored partly in the ongoing East-West politeness debate.

Talking to ‘real’ South Africans: An Investigation of the Dilemmatic Nature of Nationalism

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Gray ◽  
Aislinn Delany ◽  
Kevin Durrheim
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Identity ◽  
South African ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
South Africans ◽  
National Accounting ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
English National Identity ◽  
The Way

This study is a discursive analysis of how a group of South Africans, who are seriously contemplating emigration, talk about South Africa and their place in it. The primary aim was to investigate the discursive construction of national categories, in order to highlight the way in which context informs both the content and nature of nationalist accounting. The talk of emigrating South Africans showed the existence of a fundamental dilemma of nationalism, as evidenced by the existence of coexisting, contradictory themes of nationalism and anti-nationalism across the interviews. Participants attempted to resolve this dilemma by identifying and disidentifying with a ‘South African’ national category at various points. In particular, three rhetorical strategies are discussed that allowed participants to distance themselves from the national category, that is, collective versus personal, splintering the nation and refuting the collective. These findings are compared to those of Billig's (1995) work on banal nationalism and Condor's (2000) study of English national identity in order to draw parallels, or point to differences, in the way that people orient to national categories in different settings. These findings highlight that generalist studies of discourse may not be relevant across all national contexts. Instead, it is argued that an understanding of South African national accounting will very much depend on an understanding of the contexts in which these accounts are realised.

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