THE TRANSLATION RESULTS OF CHILDREN BILINGUAL STORY BOOK BETWEEN HUMAN AND MACHINE TRANSLATION: A COMPARATIVE MODEL

The purpose of this current study is to analyze the differences of translation results of children story books between human and machine translation, especially in terms of accuracy, readability, and understandability. The method used in this work was qualitative content analysis. The children story book entitled Cindelaras served as a source of data. The original book was written in Indonesian Language, and it was published in 2001 by Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. The result shows that both human and machine translations deliver different lexical, grammatical, semantic, and stylistic versions in their translation results. These differences occur since the machine translation has not been able to well-recognize the context of situation and culture. This is a weakness and limitation of machine translation. Such machines cannot replace human translation. Nevertheless, the machine can serve as a pre-translation to help human translation work faster and better in producing more accurate, readable, and understandable versions.

FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

The book Functional English can be viewed as an introductory reading in the domain of functional language, or language used in order to perform certain communicative purposes. Functional language is a concept normally connected with foreign language learners of lower levels and with problems in achieving the designated standards in terms of the four basic language skills. The book is meant to provide a description of the subject matter of Functional English by establishing the basics, as well as the main features and elements of this linguistic domain. The overall objective of the book is to help with the understanding of existing language features sometimes taken for granted, and which may cause communication difficulties. Simultaneously, its ambition is to enable all the interested parties to reaffirm the foundations and build on the existing language repository, in an attempt to achieve a higher level of competence in English used to perform different communicative functions. The term practical language skills within Functional English entails the ability to formulate or articulate one’s communicative message, as well as the ability to interpret correctly or relay clearly to other parties any verbal material relevant to the process of communication. Moreover, being competent in Functional English means being able to select the adequate communication channel or method, where the key factors are the linguistic devices employed, the correlation between the language used and the intended goal, as well as the context of situation and its relation to the audience or the participants in the verbal interaction.

Reasons for Flouting Maxim in Talk Show

This study is entitled Reasons for Flouting Maxim in Talk Show. The aim is to analyze the types of flouting maxim used by the participants in the talk show through their utterances based on theory of Conversational Maxim proposed by Grice and supporting theory Context of Situation by Halliday & Hasan to see how the maxim is flouted. The data was taken from one of the famous American talk shows which contains various topics of talk and the implementation of the conversational maxim, it is The Ellen Show. The data was collected by using observation method. Descriptive qualitative method was used as a method and technique of analyzing data. The data was presented in a form of words and sentences. The results show that all types of maxim are flouted in the talk show. The most flouted maxim found in conversation is maxim of quantity because the participants deliver more information than it is required even though that experience is based on their experiences.

Understanding context in computer-mediated communication

With unprecedented transformations taking place in the landscape of what to say and how we mean, interactions in the digital age take on various new forms of doing and being. To make sense of “what it is that is going on” requires an understanding of the context wherein the computer-mediated communications take place. Focusing on a burgeoning online video commenting discourse in mainland China called Danmaku (a media feature that projects viewer comments in the form of “bullet chains” overlaid on the video), the present study applies the schematic construct of context of situation and its paradigmatic representations developed in Systemic Functional Linguistics to a functionally-driven discussion of Danmaku context. Drawing on a corpus of comments from 18 well-received videos on Bilibili.com (a major Danmaku site in mainland China), the study provides a fine-grained analysis that highlights emergent technological and semiotic variables in the Danmaku Mode, such as anonymity, invisibility, dynamicity, and pseudo-synchronicity. It then discusses how these variables mediate the properties of Field and Tenor and further impinge upon the experiential and interpersonal meanings made in Danmaku communication. The analysis has also highlighted the carnivalesque nature of Danmaku which makes it an increasingly popular social media platform in mainland China.

Context of situation and the role of language

‘Role’ is typically defined according to the part and/or function that something or someone contributes to a situation. This two-fold perspective is also inherent in discussions of the role of language: the ‘amount’ of language that is involved in a situation and the ‘function’ of language in a situation, with both perspectives relating to the non-linguistic systems that may be involved in the conduct of the situation relative to language. It is the latter of these perspectives, however, that has typically received most attention in discourse analysis, with the former (the ‘amount’) being left implicit and unproblematised. This paper considers the role of language from various discourse analytical perspectives before critically examining the concept within Systemic Functional Linguistics. Using system networks as the representational and analytical platform, the paper redefines ‘role of language’ in contextual Mode as comprised of two sub-systems: degree of involvement and type of involvement. degree of involvement accounts for the compositional contribution that language makes in a situation; type of involvement accounts for the way in which language may function in a situation. Using an illustrative dataset, the paper also demonstrates the effectiveness of the systemic approach in accounting for overlapping and differing contextual configurations by showing how features within the role of language configure and how these in turn configure with options in the Field system-network of action. These configurations are essentially hypotheses that can be more comprehensively tested through empirical research.

Toward socio-contextual perspective: A case in analyzing texts

The purpose of this study is to analyze the social context, the text organization, and the text structure. The data that are analyzed in this study are taken from the book entitled Tales of Wisdom. There are two main texts are used in this study. The theory used was Halliday (1978) advocated placing the context of situation into a broader social context. The result of this study revealed that all of the elements of the context of situation (field, tenor, mode) were found in the texts. Both of the texts were well organized seen from the text organization including starting (orientation), content (complication), and ending (resolution). In terms of text structure, the use of reference and conjunction were frequently occurred. Of the four sub conjunctions, only three sub conjunctions were appeared and additive is the most one of all.

The value of a pragma-functional approach to intercultural conflict discourses

Systemic functional linguistics focuses on the study of language use within its registerial context of situation. The theory offers a meaning-based approach for the analysis of discourses in generic and culture-specific settings. When it comes to the analysis of conflict discourses across cultural boundaries, SFL may be integrated into a framework that relates language use to the notions of power and ideology and the dimensions of culture and history to provide a broader picture to inform future political decision-making. This paper presents a pragma-functional approach combining systemic functional linguistics, argumentation theory, critical theory and postcolonial insights. The analytical tool is illustrated with reference to the New Caledonian independence debate through the analysis of salient linguistic patterns and discursive moves in two open letters, published in April 1988, by Kanak independence leader Jean-Marie Tjibaou and former French President François Mitterrand.

Analyzing a test as genre: Critical Genre Analysis of the English language ENEM

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a Critical Genre Analysis (CGA) (Motta-Roth, 2006; 2008a; 2008b) of the English Language test on the Brazilian National High School Exam (EL-ENEM), to, ultimately, discuss the language conception that underlies this test. The corpus of the analysis was composed of eight samples of the EL-ENEM genre. The results point out that EL-ENEM items provide the test takers with a contextualization about their reference texts. This contextualization, in most items, provide information regarding the genres of the reference texts. The items, then, demand the test takers to identify different types of information in the reference texts. The types of information that are demanded the most refer to the text’s content, objective, and topic. This way, the test takers must activate knowledge related to Semantics and Pragmatics, Register (context of situation) and Genre (context of culture), indicating a direction to the view of language as genre, adopted by the official documents that guide ENEM’s design.

Africans and the Power of Socio-Cultural Belief: To Break or to Keep the Status Quo? Analysis of Emmy Unuja Idegu’s the Legendary Inikpi

Every single society has its dos and don’ts, and African is not an exception. What is more, Africans are strongly attached to their socio-cultural beliefs. However, as time is dynamic, there is need toreflect on the context of situation to evaluate our tradition.Thus, The Legendary Inikpi, the play under discussion, does not only serve as a central source to enable the readers find outhow African societies hold on to their religious beliefs and practices as part of their cultural identities, but also serves as a media tool that calls Africans for a change of attitude. The author considershuman sacrifice as a murder.To redirect the mentality towards certain religious practices such as human sacrifice, Emmy Unuja is able to create a female character named Daughter whose role is to convince people for a change of mentality. If we want African societies to move forwards, it is high time people change their mentality for the better.