Limb chondrogenesis in Graptemys nigrinoda (Emydidae), with comments on the primary axis and the digital arch in turtles

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Ziermann ◽  
Marcelo Sánchez-Villagra ◽  
Lennart Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Digital Arch ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Primary Axis

Abstract The early development of skeletal structures of manus and pes was studied using whole-mount, alcian-blue-stained embryos at different stages in an ontogenetic series of Graptemys nigrinoda. Sequences of chondrification events are similar to those reported for other turtle species, with respect to both the primary axis and the digital arch. There is no evidence of anterior condensations in the region distal to the radius and the tibia, supporting the hypothesis that the radiale and tibiale are absent in turtles, except for some potential atavistic occurrences. The anlagen for the fibulare and intermedium were identified, and in some but not all specimens two centralia elements are also present. These elements of the proximal and medial tarsal row fuse into a single cartilaginous structure, which later becomes the astragalocalcaneum. Inconsistencies in the literature about the details of the chondrification sequence of autopodial elements are in part related to real intraspecific and interspecific variation across turtles. The patterns of connectivity, often cited in studies of the limb chondrification sequence of tetrapods, are difficult if not impossible to objectively detect using standard alcian-blue-stained specimens.

Early development of the hypoglossal nerve in the chick embryo as observed by the whole-mount nerve staining method

1988 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kuratani ◽  
Shigenori Tanaka ◽  
Yuji Ishikawa ◽  
Chosei Zukeran
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Nerve Staining

scholarly journals Human Mandible Prenatal Morphogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 057-062
Author(s):  
Sergey Lvovich Kabak ◽  
Natalia Victorovna Zhuravleva ◽  
Yuliya Michailovna Melnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Introduction This study was performed with the aim of detecting the interaction between cartilaginous and bone tissues in the process of mandible morphogenesis in human embryos. Material and Methods Whole-mount skeletal preparations, stained with Alcian blue and Alizarin red, as well as serial histological sections impregnated with silver and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied. A total of 48 human embryos/fetuses from 5 to 29 weeks of age were used. Results In the mandible anlage, in addition to the woven bone, cartilaginous and chondroid tissues are present. Cartilaginous tissue islets are localized at the tip of the condylar and coronoid processes and also in the region of the mandibular symphysis. The chondroid tissue is incorporated into the bone in the region of the mandibular symphysis, along the edge of the coronoid process, and also in the alveolar part of the mandible. Conclusion Meckel’s cartilage participates in the formation of the mandibular body, and its remains persist in the area of the mandibular symphysis until the second half of the prenatal development.

scholarly journals Interspecific Variation in Temperature Effects on Embryonic Metabolism and Development in Turtles

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Day B. Ligon ◽  
Matthew B. Lovern
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Metabolic Compensation ◽  
Apalone Spinifera

We measured temperature-induced differences in metabolic rates and growth by embryos of three turtle species, Macrochelys temminckii, Trachemys scripta, and Apalone spinifera, at different, constant, temperatures. Oxygen consumption rate (VO2) was measured during development and used to characterize changes in metabolism and calculate total O2 consumption. Results from eggs incubated at different temperatures were used to calculate Q10s at different stages of development and to look for evidence of metabolic compensation. Total O2 consumption over the course of incubation was lowest at high incubation temperatures, and late-term metabolic rate Q10s were <2 in all three species. Both results were consistent with positive metabolic compensation. However, incubation temperature effects on egg mass-corrected hatchling size varied among species. Apalone spinifera hatchling mass was unaffected by temperature, whereas T. scripta mass was greatest at high temperatures and M. temminckii mass was lowest at high temperatures. Hatchling mass : length relationships tended to correlate negatively with temperature in all three species. Although we cannot reject positive metabolic compensation as a contributor to the observed VO2 patterns, there is precedence for drawing the more parsimonious conclusion that differences in yolk-free size alone produced the observed incubation temperature differences without energetic canalization by temperature acclimation during incubation.

Development of the Skeleton of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Frigo ◽  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Carnivorous Marsupial

Development of the skeleton of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould), a small carnivorous marsupial, was examined in captive-bred pouch young of known age. Skeletal tissue was differentially stained with the dyes alcian blue and alizarin red to demonstrate the presence of cartilage and bone, respectively. The skeleton of the neonate is cartilaginous and ossification centres are first apparent in the skull by Day 5 post partum. The skeleton of S. macroura is well invested with bone by Day 40 of the lactation period, when the young can relinquish the nipple. The sequence of ossification is similar to that reported for other marsupials. Comparisons are made with the eutherian pattern of ossification. This study is the first published work on the ossification of a dasyurid marsupial as shown by whole-mount staining.

scholarly journals Visualization of sulfated glycoconjugates in the chicken embryonic heart by whole mount alcian blue staining.

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Rong Wang ◽  
Keitaro Isokawa ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Hitomi Sejima ◽  
Hirokazu Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Whole Mount

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Classical social reward signatures in infants with later ASD

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Gliga ◽  
Mayada Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Socially Motivated

Abstract Autistic individuals can be socially motivated. We disagree with the idea that self-report is sufficient to understand their social drive. Instead, we underscore evidence for typical non-verbal signatures of social reward during the early development of autistic individuals. Instead of focusing on whether or not social motivation is typical, research should investigate the factors that modulate social drives.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

3-D organization of fibrinogen receptors using computer reconstruction and whole-mount microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
E. T. O'Toole ◽  
R. R. Hantgan ◽  
J. C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Whole Mount

Thrombocytes (TC), the avian equivalent of blood platelets, support hemostasis by aggregating at sites of injury. Studies in our lab suggested that fibrinogen (fib) is a requisite cofactor for TC aggregation but operates by an undefined mechanism. To study the interaction of fib with TC and to identify fib receptors on cells, fib was purified from pigeon plasma, conjugated to colloidal gold and used both to facilitate aggregation and as a receptor probe. Described is the application of computer assisted reconstruction and stereo whole mount microscopy to visualize the 3-D organization of fib receptors at sites of cell contact in TC aggregates and on adherent cells.Pigeon TC were obtained from citrated whole blood by differential centrifugation, washed with Ca++ free Hank's balanced salts containing 0.3% EDTA (pH 6.5) and resuspended in Ca++ free Hank's. Pigeon fib was isolated by precipitation with PEG-1000 and the purity assessed by SDS-PAGE. Fib was conjugated to 25nm colloidal gold by vortexing and the conjugates used as the ligand to identify fib receptors.

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