scholarly journals Human Mandible Prenatal Morphogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 057-062
Author(s):  
Sergey Lvovich Kabak ◽  
Natalia Victorovna Zhuravleva ◽  
Yuliya Michailovna Melnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissue ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Introduction This study was performed with the aim of detecting the interaction between cartilaginous and bone tissues in the process of mandible morphogenesis in human embryos. Material and Methods Whole-mount skeletal preparations, stained with Alcian blue and Alizarin red, as well as serial histological sections impregnated with silver and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied. A total of 48 human embryos/fetuses from 5 to 29 weeks of age were used. Results In the mandible anlage, in addition to the woven bone, cartilaginous and chondroid tissues are present. Cartilaginous tissue islets are localized at the tip of the condylar and coronoid processes and also in the region of the mandibular symphysis. The chondroid tissue is incorporated into the bone in the region of the mandibular symphysis, along the edge of the coronoid process, and also in the alveolar part of the mandible. Conclusion Meckel’s cartilage participates in the formation of the mandibular body, and its remains persist in the area of the mandibular symphysis until the second half of the prenatal development.

Ontogeny of the skull of the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Vieira ◽  
A.L.Q. Santos ◽  
L.Q.L. Hirano ◽  
L.T. Menezes-Reis ◽  
J.S. Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
Jaw Bones ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Staining ◽  
Nasal Capsule

We describe the formation of the chondrocranium and the ossification pattern of the skull of the Black Caiman (Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825)). The embryos were cleared and double-stained with Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue 8GX. Additionally, they were visualized by histological hematoxylin and eosin staining and computed tomography imaging. The chondrocranium of M. niger comprised the nasal capsule, orbitotemporal, and optic–occipital regions. Its development began at stage 9, with the chondrification of the acrochordal cartilage, trabeculae, and mandibular cartilage. The optic capsule was formed in the caudolateral portion of the chondrocranium at stage 13. The basal plate appeared at stage 14, with foramina for the hypoglossal. The chondrocranium was completely formed at stage 16. The first osteogenic events were noted at stage 13, in the bones, maxilla, jugal, postorbital, and pterygoid. The quadratojugal, prefrontal, frontal, and squamosal began their ossification at stage 14. The parietal bone began to ossify only at stage 20. The basisphenoid began at stage 15 and the parasphenoid began at stage 16. The jaw bones ossified between stages 13 and 16. The dermal elements started their ossification prior to the endochondral bones.

Development of the Skeleton of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart, Sminthopsis Macroura (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Frigo ◽  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Carnivorous Marsupial

Development of the skeleton of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Gould), a small carnivorous marsupial, was examined in captive-bred pouch young of known age. Skeletal tissue was differentially stained with the dyes alcian blue and alizarin red to demonstrate the presence of cartilage and bone, respectively. The skeleton of the neonate is cartilaginous and ossification centres are first apparent in the skull by Day 5 post partum. The skeleton of S. macroura is well invested with bone by Day 40 of the lactation period, when the young can relinquish the nipple. The sequence of ossification is similar to that reported for other marsupials. Comparisons are made with the eutherian pattern of ossification. This study is the first published work on the ossification of a dasyurid marsupial as shown by whole-mount staining.

scholarly journals Development of sacral vertebrae in human embryos and fetuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S. L. Kabak ◽  
V. V. Zatochnaya
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Column ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Fetal Spine ◽  
Human Embryos And Fetuses ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Medical University

The aim of the study is to define the features of organogenesis and histogenesis of sacral vertebrae in human embryos, which predetermine the anatomical structure of the sacrum in postnatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. The authors studied human embryo serial sections at 17–23 stages from the Carnegie virtual embryological collection, total preparations and serial sections of the lumbosacral region of the fetal spine at 8–20 weeks of gestation without visible developmental anomalies. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; total preparations were stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. In addition, the study included 19 adult sacra from the anatomical collection of the Belarusian State Medical University. Results. It was found that consolidation of the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae starts at the early stages of embryogenesis by the fusion of their costal-transverse processes. During the first half of intrauterine development, the arch and articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae remain separate from each other. In contrast to other segments of the spinal column, five primary centers of ossification are formed in the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae

scholarly journals Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Alkhamiss
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of H. pylori in such biopsies. Methods: The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of H. pylori, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. Results: The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed H. pylori infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 H. pylori infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in H. pylori detection. Conclusion: Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric H. pylori infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect H. pylori infection is not recommended.

scholarly journals Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue Staining for Regenerated tail of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Rakhmiyati Rakhmiyati ◽  
Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Tail Regeneration ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Regenerate Tail ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Common House

Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) is one of reptiles that have ability to autotomy their tails. Tail autotomy is a mechanism to protect it self from predators. After the tail broke, there will be wound healing on the tail which is then followed by a tail regeneration event. Original tail and regenerate tail is very different morphologically and anatomically. The original tail is composed of bones while the tail of the regenerate is composed of cartilage. Histochemical staining using Alizarin Red-S Alcian Blue was done to differentiate bone and cartilage. This method will stained bones red while the cartilage will stained blue.

Histomorphometric Analysis of Pre- and Post-Denosumab–Treated Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-867
Author(s):  
Nasir Ud Din ◽  
Masood Umer ◽  
Yong-Koo Park
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Tumor ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Woven Bone ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Context. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against RANK ligand. Its administration in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) cases results in elimination of giant cells and new bone formation. Neoplastic stromal cells of GCTB harbor mutation of histone 3.3 and have pre-osteoblastic properties and thus express SATB2. Objectives. To (1) analyze histological changes in post-denosumab–treated GCTB, (2) analyze expression of H3.3G34W and SATB2 in pre- and post-denosumab–treated samples, and (3) to discuss why changes occur in the expression of not only H3.3G34W but also SATB2. Materials and Methods. Hematoxylin and eosin slides of 19 cases of denosumab-treated GCTB were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains H3.3G34W and SATB2 were performed. The number of positive mononuclear cells were counted and graded. Results. Complete absence of osteoclast-like giant cells (OCLGCs) was noted in most cases along with a fibro-osseous component merging with peripheral shell of reactive bone. Irregular trabeculae of woven bone and osteoid with focal osteoblastic rimming was seen. Spindle cells were arranged predominantly in fascicular pattern. Morphometric analysis of H3.3G34W showed a mean of 68.8% positive stromal cells in pretreatment and a mean of 26.9% positive stromal cells in posttreated specimens with a statistically significant P value (.001). Mean percentage of SATB2-positive stromal cells in the pre- and posttreatment specimens was 36.46% and 20.8%, respectively. Conclusions. Our study validates that denosumab treatment results in marked reduction of OCLGCs with increased osteoblastic activity. Decreased expression of H3.3G34W in posttreatment may be a result of decreased antigenicity of neoplastic mononuclear cells. No significant change in SATB2 expression was noted.

Limb chondrogenesis in Graptemys nigrinoda (Emydidae), with comments on the primary axis and the digital arch in turtles

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Ziermann ◽  
Marcelo Sánchez-Villagra ◽  
Lennart Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Digital Arch ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Primary Axis

Abstract The early development of skeletal structures of manus and pes was studied using whole-mount, alcian-blue-stained embryos at different stages in an ontogenetic series of Graptemys nigrinoda. Sequences of chondrification events are similar to those reported for other turtle species, with respect to both the primary axis and the digital arch. There is no evidence of anterior condensations in the region distal to the radius and the tibia, supporting the hypothesis that the radiale and tibiale are absent in turtles, except for some potential atavistic occurrences. The anlagen for the fibulare and intermedium were identified, and in some but not all specimens two centralia elements are also present. These elements of the proximal and medial tarsal row fuse into a single cartilaginous structure, which later becomes the astragalocalcaneum. Inconsistencies in the literature about the details of the chondrification sequence of autopodial elements are in part related to real intraspecific and interspecific variation across turtles. The patterns of connectivity, often cited in studies of the limb chondrification sequence of tetrapods, are difficult if not impossible to objectively detect using standard alcian-blue-stained specimens.

Double staining technique for rat foetus skeletons in teratological studies

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Whitaker ◽  
Kathleen M. Dix
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Double Staining ◽  
Alizarin Red

Cartilage and bone were differentiated using alcian blue and alizarin red S respectively. Anomalies of both cartilaginous and bony parts of the skeleton could be examined.

scholarly journals Loss of Imprinting of IGF2 Gene in the Chorionic Tissues of Spontaneously Eliminated Human Embryos

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. GEG.S11460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Zastavna ◽  
Halyna Makukh ◽  
Bogdan Tretjak ◽  
Olena Bilevych ◽  
Miroslaw Tyrka
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Igf2 Gene ◽  
Loss Of Imprinting

Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) is a mitogen, growth and differentiation modulator for many cell types. It is mainly expressed during the prenatal development, and its activity strongly depends on the genomic imprinting. Genomic imprinting in the chorionic tissues of spontaneously eliminated human embryos has been studied on the model of 820-AG (Apa1) of the IGF-2 gene locus. Molecular and genetic analysis was performed on the polymorphic 820-AG IGF2 locus in 107 samples of DNA extracted from the chorionic tissues of spontaneously eliminated human embryos within 5–10 weeks of gestation. Presence of AG genotype Apa 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the IGF-2 was shown to cause more than a 7-fold increase in the risk of embryo elimination. Thus, the loss of genomic imprinting of the IGF-2 gene may be an important cause of the miscarriages in human.

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