Reproductive period and recruitment of Penaeoidea shrimp on the southeastern Brazilian coast: implications for the closed season

Crustaceana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (7-10) ◽  
pp. 1177-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina M. Simões ◽  
Gisele S. Heckler ◽  
Rogerio C. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Farfantepenaeus Paulensis ◽  
Xiphopenaeus Kroyeri ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Closed Season

The aim of this study was to assess whether all Penaeoidea shrimps captured by trawling are protected by the current closed season. We investigated the reproductive period and juvenile recruitment of Penaeoidea shrimp species captured in the bay-estuary complex of Santos and São Vicente from May 2008 to April 2010. Samples were collected monthly using a shrimp boat at four sites in the estuary and four sites in the bay; environmental factors were monitored. The reproductive condition of females was determined by macroscopic observation of gonads. Juvenile and adult males were classified by observing the endopod forming the petasma; the reproductive condition was determined by the presence of spermatophore in the terminal ampoule. A dendrogram showed little similarity in the reproductive periods of the species sampled in this study. The greatest similarity in the recruitment period was in the white shrimp, Litopenaeus schmitti, and the pink shrimps Farfantepenaeus paulensis and F. brasiliensis, species that are protected by the current closed season. Pink shrimps are not fully protected, however, as they are captured indiscriminately in the estuary, to be used as fishing bait. Considering the number of individuals of reproductive females and juveniles, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri was the most abundant in the marine environment, and L. schmitti, F. paulensis and F. brasiliensis were the most abundant in the estuarine environment. The adequacy of the closed season is discussed, including issues such as the implementation of projects focusing on fishermen and the sustainable use of bait; the closure of fishing from October to December in coastal areas with depths below 20 m, and the application of a regional closed season instead of the current law applied in several states.

Reproductive biology of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura), the most abundant crab on the southeastern Brazilian coast

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Aparecida de Lima ◽  
Giovana Bertini ◽  
Vivian Fransozo ◽  
Rafael Gregati ◽  
Lissandra Corrêa Fernandes-Góes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Water ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Bottom Water Temperature

AbstractThis study analyzed the size at sexual maturity and reproductive period of populations of Hepatus pudibundus in three bays on the northern coast of São Paulo, Brazil. Crabs were collected monthly and the bottom-water temperature was measured at each collection point. The animals were sexed, measured for carapace width (CW), and their gonadal stages were determined. A total of 8,674 specimens were collected (2,435 males and 6,239 females). Adult males showed the highest mean CW; the size at maturity for both sexes was 32.5 mm CW. Reproduction was continuous and peaked in spring and summer, because of the greater availability of plankton food for the larvae. This pattern is typical in tropical and subtropical regions, unlike the seasonal reproduction found in temperate regions. Reproductive activity of females was not significantly correlated with bottom-water temperatures. Immatures and individuals in all stages of gonadal development were found throughout the sampling period and at all depths, probably because the species completes its entire reproductive cycle in that area.

scholarly journals Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Alexander K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity within and between broodstocks of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) and its implication for the gene pool conservation

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4 suppl) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD. Freitas ◽  
MR. Calgaro ◽  
PM. Galetti Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Improvement Programs

Genetic variation within and between fifteen closed broodstock lines of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, reared at different hatcheries in the Brazilian coast, was assessed by RAPD analysis. Fifty two polymorphic loci were identified when a set of five decamer primers was used in PCR. The genetic diversity analysis within lines evidenced genetic variation loss probably related to bottleneck effects and inbreeding. In addition, the genetic divergence values between the different samples appear to reflect the initial founder composition of such stocks, in some cases, sharing a common origin, suggesting a putative importance of interbreeding for the establishment of genetic improvement programs for these broodstocks. The genetic variation monitoring appears to be helpful to the gene pool conservation of this aquaculture species, mainly if considered its exotic status in Brazil and the current impossibility of new introduction of wild individuals.

Band Structure and Failures of Reproductive Suppression in a Cooperatively Breeding Carnivore, the Slender-Tailed Meerkat (Suricata Suricatta)

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 827-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Sean P. Doolan
Keyword(s):  
Band Structure ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Suricata Suricatta ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Reproductive Female ◽  
Band Size ◽  
Cooperatively Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Females

AbstractThe extent to which band structure influences the distribution of breeding activity is unknown for the slender-tailed meerkat Suricata suricatta, a cooperatively breeding mongoose. Here we present the residence histories of three focal bands monitored over ten band-years in the southwestern Kalahari, with less detailed data derived from non-focal bands for a further 20 band-years. Mean total band size early in the breeding season was 10, and mean size excluding juveniles was 6.7. Despite a tendency towards females among juveniles, and males among yearlings and adults, sex ratios within each age class did not significantly deviate from unity, but at the population level there were significantly more adult males than reproductive females. A large proportion (71.6%) of adult females bred, and failures of reproductive suppression occurred in 40% of band years. This incidence was high in all years and was not obviously related to environmental conditions. Bands with more than one reproductive female contained significantly more adults and adult females than bands with only a single reproductive female. There was a strong correlation between numbers of reproductive females and numbers of adult females in a band. Most (68%) subordinate females which bred were aged three years or more. Reproductive competition was strong and there was a negative correlation between numbers of adult females, breeding females or adult males and per capita juvenile production. Meerkat bands are unusual among cooperative breeders because many individuals were non-kin and the relative constancy in band size within and between years masked a high turnover of membership: all animals of known origin aged three years or older, were immigrants, although philopatry was commoner among younger animals. Our data show that meerkats employ a range of reproductive strategies: bands exhibiting a spectrum of reproductive suppression coexist, and individuals respond to the opportunities afforded by their social environments.

Reproduction affects flight activity in female and male Daubenton’s bats, Myotis daubentoni

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dietz ◽  
E.K.V. Kalko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lactating Females

Nearly all mammals in the temperate zone breed in spring and summer when climatic conditions are favourable and food is abundant. Similar to other mammals, food requirements of female bats are particularly high during pregnancy and lactation and of males during spermatogenesis. Seasonal changes in energy demand and reproductive condition should therefore result in different foraging activity within and between sexes. This assumption was tested on 16 adult females and 13 adult males of the Palaearctic Daubenton’s bat, Myotis daubentoni (Kuhl, 1817), that were radio-tracked during pregnancy, lactation, and post-lactation periods. Pregnant females, as hypothesized, flew significantly longer (mean: 358.9 min; 70% of the night length) than males (mean: 228.5 min; 42.4% of the night length) during spring. In contrast, nightly flight time of lactating females decreased and was significantly less than that of pregnant females, but was similar to that of males during the same period. The longest flight times of males were registered during late summer when spermatogenetic activity is high. However, there were distinct differences in the use of foraging areas between female and male Daubenton’s bats. Female bats used small, individual foraging areas during pregnancy and lactation. The pattern was reversed in females after the young had been weaned and in males after they entered spermatogenesis. Overall, the results confirmed our proposition that flight activity reflects the higher energy demand and nutrition requirements in the different reproductive periods.

scholarly journals Differential habitat use by Common Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Lorin A. Neuman-Lee ◽  
Andrew M. Durso ◽  
Nicholas M. Kiriazis ◽  
Melanie J. Olds ◽  
Stephen J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ontogenetic Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Nerodia Sipedon ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Central Illinois

Understanding intraspecific variation in habitat use is important for the management of any species. In many studies of reptiles, habitat use by juveniles is poorly understood when compared to their adult conspecifics because of capture biases and logistical constraints. We compared habitat use between sexes and age classes of Common Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) at a reservoir in central Illinois. Juvenile N. sipedon occurred more frequently in habitat with high conopy cover, whereas adults N. sipedon, especially reproductive females, were found exclusively in habitat with no canopy cover. Adult males used both locations equally. We emphasize the need to investigate ontogenetic variation in habitat use to better understand how reptiles utilize diverse anthropogenically altered landscapes.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) associated to the seasonal overture of the sandbar in a subtropical lagoon

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolle C Ferreira ◽  
Andrea S Freire
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Pink Shrimp ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Artificial Opening ◽  
Farfantepenaeus Paulensis ◽  
Spatio Temporal

On the southern Brazilian coast, the penaeid pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967) is intensively captured by both artisanal and industrial fisheries. In the Ibiraquera Lagoon, artisanal fishing of juvenile stocks has declined sharply over the last 15 years. The traditional management methods used by fishermen are no longer sustainable due to conflicts with the demands of tourism and weak environmental and public agencies. The dynamics of the timing of the artificial opening and natural reformation of a sandbar across the mouth of the lagoon are regarded as a central socio-ecological problem. We evaluated the abundance and biomass variation of F. paulensis throughout the year and along a spatial gradient measured from the sandbar into the lagoon. We also explored the influence of opening the sandbar on the shrimp population. Samples were collected monthly from February 2004 to February 2005, using a 27 mm mesh cast net, in four different areas, with three sites being sampled per area. Small numbers of large shrimps were captured in the upper area, while greater biomass and abundance of small shrimps were observed near the sandbar, suggesting the role of the inner area as a refuge for growing. The highest records for biomass and abundance were recorded during warm months, regardless if the lagoon was open or closed by the sandbar. The Ibiraquera Lagoon could be more productive for fishermen if the sandbar opening was coincident to the period of natural post-larvae influx. Furthermore, coastal stocks could be improved by opening the sandbar again during summer in conjunction with fishing quotas.

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