Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

Download Full-text

REARING OF DAIRY CALVES ON PASTURE WITH OR WITHOUT WHOLE OATS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas67-032 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

A. D. L. Gorrill

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Average Growth Rate ◽

Average Growth ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Body Weights ◽

Weight Gains ◽

Average Body

Three groups of 10 Ayrshire bull calves born in May and June, 1963 were placed on pasture at 2 weeks of age, after weaning at 55 kg body weight, or at 15 weeks of age. Half the calves in each group also received whole oats while on pasture to a maximum of 1.4 kg/day. Prior to going on pasture, calves were fed a starter ration and timothy hay. The calves were removed from pasture at 21 weeks of age and fed hay and grain until 52 weeks of age. There were no differences between groups in rate of gain from 1 week of age to weaning, the average growth rate for all calves being 427 g/day. Calves put on pasture after weaning gained 223 g/day from weaning to 15 weeks of age, and calves put on pasture at 15 weeks of age gained only 177 g/day from 15 to 21 weeks of age. Weight gains during these same two periods for calves put on pasture at 2 weeks of age were 432 and 500 g/day, respectively. Feeding oats to calves on pasture did not increase growth rates to weaning or to 15 weeks of age. Average body weights at 52 weeks of age were 251, 228, and 242 kg, respectively for calves started on pasture at 2 weeks of age, after weaning, and at 15 weeks of age.

Download Full-text

Kinerja probiotik Bacillus sp. pada pendederan benih ikan lele Clarias sp. yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.15.2.162-170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

, Sukenda ◽

Muhammad Mufthi Rafsyanzani ◽

, Rahman ◽

Dendi Hidayatullah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Body ◽

Average Body

ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to assess performance of Bacillus sp. probiotic on catfish juvenile Clarias sp. infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. The probiotic content in the diets were 0% (K+ and K-), 1%, and 2% in duplicates. This experiment used randomized design with four treatments and two replications. Juveniles with average body weight of 3.22±0.15 g/fish were reared in the 1.5×2.8×0.5 m3 pond with density of 800 fish/pond. Fish were reared for 30 days and fed three times a day at rate 8% of total body weight. At day 31, catfish were challenged by A. hydrophila 0.1 mL (106 cfu/mL). Post infection observation was carried out ten days with density 10 fish/aquaria. The result showed that fish fed diet containing 2% probiotic gave the best probiotic performance with survival rate of catfish 83.33% after challenged, spesific growth rate 5.40%, and 0,75 of feed conversion ratio. The results of the blood profile showed significantly better results in the treatment of probiotics compared to the positive control after challenge test A. hydrophila. Probiotic Bacillus sp. has given as much as 2% on feed provides better performance on catfish juvenile. Keywords: probiotic, Bacillus sp., A. hydrophila, catfish juvenille, growth ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja probiotik Bacillus sp. dalam pakan pada pendederan benih ikan lele Clarias sp. yang diinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu kandungan probiotik dalam pakan perlakuan yaitu 0% (K+ dan K-), 1%, dan 2%, masing-masing dengan dua ulangan. Ikan lele yang digunakan memiliki bobot rata-rata 3,22±0,15 g/ekor, dipelihara dalam kolam terpal berukuran 1,5×2,8×0,5 m3 dengan kepadatan 800 ekor/kolam. Ikan dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan tiga kali sehari sebanyak 8% dari bobot tubuh ikan. Hari ke-31 benih lele diinjeksi bakteri A. hydrophila dosis 0,1 mL/ekor dengan kepadatan bakteri 106 cfu/mL. Pemeliharaan setelah diinfeksi dilakukan selama sepuluh hari dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/akuarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan yang diberi probiotik 2% memperlihatkan kinerja probiotik terbaik dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sebesar 83,33% setelah diinfeksi dengan A. hydrophila; laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 5,40%; dan konversi pakan 0,75. Hasil gambaran darah menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan lebih baik pada perlakuan pemberian probiotik dibandingkan kontrol positif pascauji tantang A. hydrophila. Probiotik Bacillus sp. yang diberikan sebanyak 2% pada pakan memberikan kinerja lebih baik pada pendederan benih ikan lele. Kata kunci: probiotik, Bacillus sp., A. hydrophila, benih lele, pertumbuhan

Download Full-text

495 Conversion of high-frequency partial body weights to total body weight in feedlot cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/asasann.2017.495 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽

pp. 241-242

Author(s):

D. Benfield ◽

K. Garossino ◽

R. D. Sainz ◽

M. S. Kerley ◽

C. Huisma

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Frequency ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Body Weights ◽

Partial Body ◽

Total Body

Download Full-text

Application of Allometry to Zooarchaeology

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/281782 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 304-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. Reitz ◽

Irvy R. Quitmyer ◽

H. Stephen Hale ◽

Sylvia J. Scudder ◽

Elizabeth S. Wing

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Size ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Body Mass ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Average Weight ◽

Total Body ◽

The Relationship ◽

Average Body

Zooarchaeologists have used several methods to assess the relative dietary contribution of species found at archaeological sites. The most common methods are either based upon the assumption that bone weight is a fixed percentage of total body weight, or require estimating an "average" body size for identified taxa. In fact, the relationship between parameters of bone and body mass is generally allometric and can be described by linear regression. Use of allometric models places original body mass predictions on a more sound biological basis and makes calculations of "average" weight unnecessary. The potential of allometry is discussed and objections addressed with the goal of encouraging others to develop allometric formulae and to use them in their research.

Download Full-text

Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-020-00920-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moreno Zanardo ◽

Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽

Anastassia Esseridou ◽

Massimiliano Agrò ◽

Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Contrast Media ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Lean Body Weight ◽

Iodinated Contrast Media ◽

Abdominal Ct ◽

Iodinated Contrast ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

Download Full-text

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

Drug Development Research ◽

10.1002/ddr.10115 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pauline L. Martin ◽

Joan Lane ◽

Louise Pouliot ◽

Malcolm Gains ◽

Rudolph Stejskal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sonic Hedgehog ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Total Body

Download Full-text

Growth and zinc homeostasis in the severely Zn-deficient rat

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19840122 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 545-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

R. Giugliano ◽

D. J. Millward

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Control Diet ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Zinc Homeostasis ◽

Whole Body ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Control Groups ◽

Body Weights ◽

Cyclic Changes

1. Male weanling rats were fed on diets either adequate (55 mg/kg), or severely deficient (0.4 mg/kg) in zinc, either ad lib. or in restricted amounts in four experiments. Measurements were made of growth rates and Zn contents of muscle and several individual tissues.2. Zn-deficient rats exhibited the expected symptoms of deficiency including growth retardation, cyclic changes in food intake and body-weight.3. Zn deficiency specifically reduced whole body and muscle growth rates as indicated by the fact that (a) growth rates were lower in ad lib.-fed Zn-deficient rats compared with rats pair-fed on the control diet in two experiments, (b) Zn supplementation increased body-weights of Zn-deficient rats given a restricted amount of diet at a level at which they maintained weight if unsupplemented, (c) Zn supplementation maintained body-weights of Zn-deficient rats fed a restricted amount of diet at a level at which they lost weight if unsupplemented (d) since the ratio, muscle mass:body-weight was lower in the Zn-deficient rats than in the pair-fed control groups, the reduction in muscle mass was greater than the reduction in body-weight.4. Zn concentrations were maintained in muscle, spleen and thymus, reduced in comparison to some but not all control groups in liver, kidney, testis and intestine, and markedly reduced in plasma and bone. In plasma, Zn concentrations varied inversely with the rate of change of body-weight during the cyclic changes in body-weight.5. Calculation of the total Zn in the tissues examined showed a marked increase in muscle Zn with a similar loss from bone, indicating that Zn can be redistributed from bone to allow the growth of other tissues.6. The magnitude of the increase in muscle Zn in the severely Zn-deficient rat, together with the magnitude of the total losses of muscle tissue during the catabolic phases of the cycling, indicate that in the Zn-deficient rat Zn may be highly conserved in catabolic states.

Download Full-text

Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on hydroxyproline levels in fetal rat limbs

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.41.1.289 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 289-294

Author(s):

R. R. Schmidt ◽

K. P. Chepenik ◽

B. V. Paynton

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Skeletal Malformations ◽

Fetal Rat ◽

Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽

Limb Malformations ◽

Total Body ◽

Rate Of Accumulation

Pregnant rats were subjected to either a folic-acid-deficient regimen that produces multiple congenital skeletal malformations, or a control folic-acid-supplemented regimen. Fetal limbs were extirpated on days 16 and 18 of gestation, pooled from each litter, homogenized, and aliquots set aside for hydroxyproline, protein and DNA determinations. We found that (1) the amount of protein recovered per treated limb was approximately half that of controls on both days, (2) the amount of protein recovered per treated or controlday-18 limb was twice that of a day-16 limb, (3) treated limbs constituted the same percentage of total body weight as in controls on day 16, but a smaller percentage than in controls on day 18, and (4) the concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mg protein) was significantly less for treated limbs than for controls on day 18 of gestation. We noted also that: (1) lowest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in limbs from treated fetuses with gross limb malformations, (2) intermediate concentrations were found in limbs of treated fetuses not exhibiting gross limb malformations, and (3) highest concentrations were found in control limbs. We suggest that the treatment resulted in (1) a decreased rate of accumulation of protein in limbs prior to day 16, but not from day 16 to day 18, (2) a decreased rate of accumulation of some non-protein component(s) in treated limbs from day 16 to day 18, and (3) an altered collagen metabolism.

Download Full-text

Disparities in the body, chest, and wing morphometric among three subspecies of local male chickens for genetic breeding

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012012

Author(s):

H D Putranto ◽

Nurmeiliasari ◽

Y Yumiati ◽

A M Nur

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Security ◽

The Body ◽

Genetic Breeding ◽

Wing Span ◽

Body Weights ◽

Chest Girth ◽

Average Body ◽

Local Chickens

Abstract Local chickens in developing countries, including Indonesia, have great potential to be developed into natural superior breeds to support food security and improve farmer welfare. Meanwhile, the major endemic subspecies found in the Bengkulu province are burgo and kampung chicken, as well as ketarras which are recently bred intensively. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the disparities in the morphometrics of three subspecies of local male chickens specifically on the body weight, length, chest girth and length, as well as wing span. Based on the results, the male burgo chicken morphometrical size was significantly smaller than ketarras, while the ketarras chicken was significantly smaller than kampung (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the average body weights for the burgo, ketarras and kampung chicken were 1.0, 1.2 and 1.9 kg cock-1, respectively, while the average of body length, chest and chest length, as well as wing span were 29.9, 40.0, 47.7 cm cock-1; 26.2, 30.1, 36.3 cm cock-1; 12.6, 17.8, 20.3 cm cock-1, and 34.4, 41.9, 55.9 cm cock-1, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the burgo and kampung chicken have the smallest and biggest morphometric sizes respectively.

Download Full-text

SUN-543 Real World Evidence of Successful Weight Management for the Obese Population: Complete Reversal of Obesity Related Metabolic Co-Morbidities and Weight Loss in Patients Attending a Multidisciplinary Weight Management Clinic in Australia

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Zoe Rock ◽

Juliana Chen ◽

Joanna Jaques ◽

Bernard L Champion ◽

Reginald V Lord ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Management ◽

Exercise Physiology ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Management Interventions ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Total Body ◽

Total Body Weight Loss

Abstract Over 2.5 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese. Multidisciplinary weight management interventions have evolved to address the complexity of weight loss for those with one or more chronic diseases, and the trend of weight regain. The aim of these interventions is to encourage sustainable lifestyle changes, resulting in weight loss and weight maintenance and improvements in comorbidities. While some prospective clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy, results are often not reported by real life practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Sydney based multidisciplinary weight management clinic with endocrinology, dietetics, exercise physiology, psychology, and bariatric surgical domains. All patients who attended the clinic for weight loss purposes between March 2017 and April 2019 were included (n=220). A retrospective chart review was conducted. Patient data on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body composition measurements, and selected blood test results and co-morbidities were analysed. All patient therapy included endocrinological input for co-morbidity identification and management, lifestyle intervention (dietetic and exercise physiology input) with optional adjunct pharmacotherapy or psychological counselling. Of the 220 cohort, 20 of the patients had sleeve gastrectomy. Patient retention in the clinic after the first consultation was 85% (n=186), a high rate within the weight management community. 59% of patients achieved a minimum of 5% total body weight loss, including 18% who achieved greater than 10% total body weight loss. Additionally, 31% of patients lost enough weight to decrease their BMI class by up to 2 or more classes. Of the gastric sleeve cohort average excess body weight loss was 32kg (21-56kg) enhanced by multidisciplinary care in the lead up to surgery. Across the cohort some patients completely reversed co-morbidities; including dyslipidaemia (n=1), hypertension (n=3), NAFLD (n=1), pre-diabetes (n=8) and type 2 diabetes (n=3), OSA (n=1). These results demonstrate that obesity is a chronic condition that can be successfully managed. We have demonstrated significant durable weight loss and improvement in metabolic co-morbidities with holistic coordinated care. Future directions include translating this model of care into standard practice in Australia and other countries where obesity to date not received the same coordinated approach as other chronic conditions.

Download Full-text