scholarly journals Islamist Women as Candidates in Elections: A Comparison of the Party of Justice and Development in Morocco and the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Škrabáková
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Supply And Demand Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the legislative recruitment of women from conservative Islamist parties. It questions the common assumption that generally all Islamist parties are equally hostile to political participation and representation of women. For this purpose, two of the electorally most successful Islamist groups in the MENA region are compared, namely the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB) and its Moroccan offshoot, the Party of Justice and Development (PJD). The article seeks an explanation for diverging trends in female candidacy between these conservative religious movements, using the traditional supply and demand model of candidate selection. It argues that the less centralized and the more institutionalized parties (as is the case with the PJD) seem to be better equipped to facilitate women’s candidacy than the more oligarchic ones (the MB). In order to fully grasp the reasons behind the diverging trends in the nomination of female candidates from both Islamist parties, cultural factors are scrutinized as well. The article highlights the limits of the supply and demand model of candidate selection, which cannot explain instances of unexpected change in recruitment strategies based on external interference. Furthermore, it does not provide us the means to assess the impact of individual candidates’ ‘feminist credentials’ on overall female representation.


The Supply and Demand Model of Candidate Selection: Some Reflections

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joni Lovenduski
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Core ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Political Recruitment ◽  
Supply And Demand Model

This contribution takes a look back at the supply and demand model of selection and recruitment, developed by Joni Lovenduski and Pippa Norris in Political Recruitment: Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament (1995). The core understanding of this model was that candidate selection was an interactive process in which both selectors and aspirants affected outcomes that were organized in several sets of institutions. The model illuminates power in particular institutions – British political parties – and was designed to examine the various effects of the selection process. This contribution reflects on the model and puts forward ideas and arguments about what might be done differently, taking into account the theoretical and methodological innovations of the succeeding generation of scholars who have used the model. It also identifies remaining challenges for research on candidate selection and suggests that the supply and demand model is sufficiently flexible that it can still travel across national, system and party boundaries.

The impact of regulations on labor markets in the U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Souad Adnane
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Lead Teachers ◽  
Associate's Degree ◽  
Childcare Workers ◽  
Educational Requirements ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The District of Columbia (DC) Office of the Superintendent of Education (OSSE) issued in December 2016 new educational requirements for childcare workers, according to which, all childcare center directors in the District must earn a bachelor’s degree by December 2022 and all lead teachers an associate’s degree by December 2020 (Institute for Justice, 2018). Moreover, DC has one of the lowest staff-child ratios in the country. How are regulations pertaining to childcare workers’ qualifications and staff-child ratio affecting the childcare market in DC? The present paper is an attempt to answer this question first by analyzing the effects of more stringent regulations on the cost and availability of childcare in the U.S based on existing studies. It also uses the basic supply and demand model to examine the possible impact of the new DC policy on the cost, quality and supply of childcare in the District and how it will affect working parents, especially mothers. Next, the paper discusses the impact of deregulation based on simulations and regressions conducted by studies covering the U.S., and implications for quality. It concludes that more stringent childcare regulations, regarding educational requirements and staff-child ratios, are associated with a reduced number of childcare centers and a higher cost, and eventually affects women’s labor force participation.

22. Women in the House of Commons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Campbell ◽  
Sarah Childs ◽  
Elizabeth Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Political Recruitment ◽  
Supply And Demand Model

This chapter examines the progress of women's participation and representation in the House of Commons. It first considers women's descriptive representation in the House of Commons over the last century, with emphasis on the differences in the proportion of women Members of Parliament (MPs) elected by the main political parties. It explains improvements in the numbers of women MPs in the last decade or so, together with the party asymmetry, by reference to the supply and demand model of political recruitment. It then reviews arguments for women's equal participation in politics, taking into account how women's descriptive representation intersects with symbolic and substantive representation. It also discusses resistance to the claim that women's representation matters and concludes with an analysis of the masculinized nature of the political institution that women MPs inhabit, along with the recommendations made in the 2016 The Good Parliament report.

A Regional Supply and Demand Model for Inpatient Hospital Care

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Bikker ◽  
A F de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Hospital Utilization ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Time Costs ◽  
Supply And Demand Model

In this paper a regional supply and demand model for hospital admissions is developed which can be used for policymaking and planning purposes. It incorporates spatial factors such as travel-time costs into a model of market equilibrium in which waiting time acts implicitly as the equilibrating device. By distinguishing travel-time costs or distances it is shown that both supply and demand within local markets strongly influence admissions in a way which cannot be observed on aggregated levels: the tension between supply and demand is cushioned by a strong redistribution of patients. The model encompasses several well-known models for patient flows and hospital utilization originating in regional economics.

scholarly journals The Skinny on a Fat Tax: Obesity and Microeconomics

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Southworth
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Microeconomic Theory ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Supply And Demand Model

The growing problem of obesity in the U.S. has prompted calls for government action, including the imposition of a "fat tax." The author uses microeconomic theory and a cost-benefit framework to explore the pros and cons of a fat tax. She applies theories of rational and irrational consumer decision-making to obesity-related consumption decisions and presents a simple supply and demand model to suggest the likely consequences of a fat tax. The author concludes that, before implementing a fat tax, additional research is needed to determine if a fat tax is merely the latest fad or a significant policy initiative that will make real contributions to correcting a major health problem in the United States.

scholarly journals An essential role for dNTP homeostasis following CDK-induced replication stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chun Pai ◽  
Kuo-Feng Hsu ◽  
Samuel. C. Durley ◽  
Andrea Keszthelyi ◽  
Stephen E. Kearsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleotide Reductase ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Synthetic Lethal ◽  
Supply And Demand Model ◽  
Important Therapeutic Target

AbstractReplication stress is a common feature of cancer cells, and thus a potentially important therapeutic target. Here we show that CDK-induced replication stress is synthetic lethal with mutations disrupting dNTP homeostasis in fission yeast. Wee1 inactivation leads to increased dNTP demand and replication stress through CDK-induced firing of dormant replication origins. Subsequent dNTP depletion leads to inefficient DNA replication, Mus81-dependent DNA damage, and to genome instability. Cells respond to this replication stress by increasing dNTP supply through Set2-dependent MBF-induced expression of Cdc22, the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Disrupting dNTP synthesis following Wee1 inactivation, through abrogating Set2-dependent H3K36 tri-methylation or DNA integrity checkpoint inactivation results in critically low dNTP levels, replication collapse and cell death, which can be rescued by increasing dNTP levels. These findings support a ‘dNTP supply and demand’ model in which maintaining dNTP homeostasis is essential to prevent replication catastrophe in response to CDK-induced replication stress.

10. Middle East Security: Conflict and Securitization of Identities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Calculli ◽  
Matteo Legrenzi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Strategic Competition ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
External Actors ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the Middle East’s security dilemmas by reconsidering the balance of power and threats in light of the Arab Spring. Although external actors are still important, as is regime security, in this balance, an important feature of the current scene is the ‘securitization of identities’ whereby rival regimes mobilize different identities to preserve and consolidate their positions against the destabilizing effects of change. The chapter also explores the emergence of a region-based rivalry between monarchies and republics and how they were affected by the Arab uprisings; the strategic competition between Sunni and Shia Islam; and the impact of the ‘Shia crescent’ from 2003 to the aftermath of the 2011 uprisings. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that competition among rival Sunni regimes in the aftermath of the 2011 uprisings has been ideologically shaped in terms of support for/opposition to the Muslim Brotherhood.

scholarly journals Effects of Mergers in Two-Sided Markets: The US Radio Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Jeziorski
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Merger Wave ◽  
The Us ◽  
Radio Industry ◽  
Supply And Demand Model ◽  
Two Sided Markets

This study examines mergers in two-sided markets using a structural supply-and-demand model that employs data from the 1996–2006 merger wave in the US radio industry. In particular, it identifies the conflicting incentives for merged firms to exercise market power on both listener and advertiser sides of the market, and disaggregates the effects of mergers into changes in product variety and advertising quantity. Specifically, it finds 0.2 percent listener welfare increase (+0.3 percent from increased product variety, and −0.1 percent from decreased ad quantity) and 21 percent advertiser welfare decrease (−17 percent from changes in product variety, and −5 percent from decreased ad quantity). (JEL G34, L13, L82, L88, M37)

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