What Do Islamists Bring to the Negotiation Table? Religion and the Case of the Pakistani Taliban

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-434
Author(s):  
Mona Kanwal Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract Is religion the main reason why negotiations with Islamists fail? Contemporary international relations literature views compromise over religious claims as being particularly difficult compared to other types of claims. Religious conflicts are understood as unique phenomena. Do religious factors explain why successful conflict resolution attempts with Islamists are more difficult to achieve than with other insurgent groups who pursue non-religious claims? This article examines the case of the Pakistani Taliban and the types of demands they have made during peace talks and in their communications. The role of religion is examined in this article and, specifically, theories of scarce resources, indivisibility and securitization are analyzed to explain the difficulties of negotiating with Islamists.

Middle East Dilemma: Pakistan’s Role as Mediator for Conflict Resolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Zikriya ◽  
Naushad Khan ◽  
Asif Salim
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
East Region ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Middle East Region

The development of International relations together with forces like globalization and technology has brought the world closer to each other. Friendly ties and relations with states create massive challenges during times of conflict. The focus of the paper is on the crisis evolving in the Middle East region and the role of Pakistan in solving those crisis considering relations with its closest allies, political and financial circumstances, and its foreign policy principles. A qualitative research approach with desk analysis technique has been applied to analyse the role of Pakistan as a mediator for the conflict resolution among Middle Eastern countries. The research highlights how the disputes created great problems for Pakistan but it is still striving to resolve conflicts among Middle Eastern countries because maintaining peace and prosperity in the Muslim world has always been a top priority of Pakistan’s foreign policy.

scholarly journals KONFLIK AGAMA DAN PENYELESAIAANNYA: Kasus Ahmadiyah di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Zuldin
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Religious Conflicts

<p>Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor penyebab konflik antara Islam mainstream dengan Ahmadiyah, resolusi konfliknya, peran SKB Tiga Menteri tahun 2008 dan Pergub tahun 2011 sebagai media resolusi konflik, dan respons terhadap SKB dan Pergub. Dalam tulisan ini ditemukan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab konflik bermula dari aspek teologis, kemudian berkembang menjadi aspek politik, ekonomi, sosial, ketidaktegasan pemerintah, Ahmadiyah eklusif dalam beribadah, dan pengaruh pemberitaan media massa. Resolusi konflik berupa non litigasi dilakukan melalui mediasi yang melibatkan aparat pemerintah, tokoh masyarakat, kepolisian, dan litigasi melalui proses peradilan. Ahmadiyah menganggap SKB dan Pergub tidak bisa berperan sebagai media resolusi konflik agama sehingga mereka menolak serta berusaha membatalkannya secara hukum. Sebaliknya, Islam mainstream menerima namun tetap menginginkan keluarnya Keppres atau Undang-Undang untuk mem- bubarkan Ahmadiyah.  </p><p><br />Abstract: Religious Conflict and Its Resolution: A Sutdy of Ahmadiyah in Tasikmalaya, Weste Java. This writing is aimed at analyzing factors that underly conflicts between mainstream Islam and Ahmadiya, its resolution, the role of SKB Tiga Menteri of 2008 and Pergub 2011 as a media of conflict resolution, as well as the responese to the two statutes. The findings of this study reveal that the religious conflicts stem from  theological aspects that extend to political, socio-economic, govern- ment’s inambiguity in implementing the regulation, Ahmadiya’s exclusiveness in their religious duties and the influence of media. Conflict resolution in non-litigation is carried out through mediation that involving the goverment’s apparatus and  the police, and  litigation  via judicial process. Ahmadiya argues  that SKB and Pergub are incapable of playing any role in resolving religious conflict and thus reject and try to revoke them judicially. Mainstream Islam, however, argues to the opposite and insists in  issuance of President Act  or statute to disperse Ahmadiya organization.</p><p><br />Kata Kunci: konflik agama, Ahmadiyah, SKB, Pergub, Tasikmalaya</p>

scholarly journals An Assessment of Religion, Peace and Conflict in the Post 1991 of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Getahun Kumie Antigegn
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Role Of Religion

Religious violence has become increasingly relevant in political and academic discourses. Because of the revival of religions, the contemporary world cannot be understood without accounting for the role of religion and religious organizations in peace and conflict, including the case of Ethiopia. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of religion in peace and conflict in the post 1991 of Ethiopia. Methodologically, the paper employed qualitative research approach by relying on secondary sources of data. The findings of the research revealed that Ethiopia has many positive assets that have to be exploited fully and critically including the role of the Inter-Religious Council. The religious policies of the present Ethiopian government are remarkably different from any of the previous ones with regard to the measure of religious freedom they provide. Paradoxically, one may wonder why is it at this time, where religious freedom and equality of religion are guaranteed, we are witnessing increased tensions and violent religious conflicts in contemporary Ethiopia. Inter-religious relations in Ethiopia have been peaceful and tolerant for long period. However, the rise of inter-religious conflicts in recent decades is taking place. Generally, in contemporary Ethiopia religion is used both as an instrument for producing conflict in certain circumstances and as a powerful resource for peace and transformation of conflict in the society. On the whole, identifying the role of religion in conflict is a very complex task to accomplish, as there are multiple variables to be well-thought-out.

scholarly journals The concept of "religious conflict": searches and discussions

2008 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Alla Vadymivna Aristova
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The One ◽  
Role Of Religion

Domestic scholars interested in the study of socio-religious conflicts have a very difficult task. In the absence of their own theoretical tradition in the field of conflictology, the long domination of ideological stereotypes and illusions about the role of religion in society, and in the context of the uniqueness of those socio-religious processes that exploded in the 90s of the last century, the researchers found themselves in a real way. On the one hand, the achievements of Western conflictology had just begun to flow into scientific circulation and were still waiting for its processing (besides, in principle, it could not be automatically transferred to the domestic soil), on the other - for the emergence of their own thorough conflictological intelligence it took some time. , for tendencies of development of religious relations, of course, are viewed only with the run of historical events.

Foreign Policy and Religion: An Overview

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Warner ◽  
Stephen G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Role Of Religion

Despite the increased attention to religion in international relations, questions remain about the role of religion in the foreign policies of states. Extrapolating from theories in the fields of international relations and comparative politics is a fruitful strategy to explore religion’s potential avenues of influence on foreign policy. There are also potential methodological tools of analysis in these fields, which can be fruitfully applied to understand the role of religion in foreign policy. Contributions from the field of religion and politics may be used to frame applications of such theories as realism, constructivism, liberalism, and bounded rationality to specify further hypotheses about religion and foreign policy. The potential of these theoretical approaches from international relations to the analysis of religion has not yet been exploited fully although it is clear that there are promising signs of progress.

Civil War and Religion: Turkey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülay Türkmen
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
Kurdistan Workers Party ◽  
Kurdish Conflict ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

Out of the 111 armed conflicts that took place worldwide between 1989 and 2000, only seven were interstate conflicts. The others were intrastate in nature. As a result, the last decade and a half witnessed a boom in the publication of works on civil wars. While the percentage of civil wars involving religion increased from 21% to 43% between the 1960s and 1990s, scholars have been rather slow to integrate the study of religion into the overall framework of conflict in general, and of civil wars in particular. Operating under the impact of the secularization thesis and treating religion as an aspect of ethnicity, the literature on civil wars has long embraced ethnonationalism as its subject matter. Yet, since the early 2000s there has been a rapid increase in the number of works focusing on religion and civil wars. While one branch treats religion as a trigger for and an exacerbating factor in conflict, another focuses on religion as a conflict resolution tool. Turkey is an apt case to ponder the latter as several governments have deployed religion (namely, Sunni Islam) as a tool to suppress ethnic divisions for years. During the Justice and Development Party (AKP) rule, religion has gained even more visibility as a conflict resolution tool in the 33-year-long armed ethnic conflict between the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK). Yet, the role of religion in Turkey’s Kurdish conflict still remains understudied. Increased attention to this topic could deliver important insights not only for those who conduct research on the Kurdish conflict in Turkey specifically, but also for those who explore the role of religion in civil wars more generally.

scholarly journals Peran T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin dalam Pengembangan Dakwah dan Penyelesaian Konflik Keagamaan di Lombok Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ishanan Ishanan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
Religious Elements ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak:   Ada dua persoalan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Bagaimana peran T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin dalam pengembangan dakwah di Lombok Utara? (2) Bagaimana peran T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin dalam penyelesaian konflik keagamaan di Lombok Utara? Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang berorientasi pada studi tokoh. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis dan komunikasi, peneliti berusaha menggambarkan bagaimana peran T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin dalam mengembangkan dakwah dan menyelesaikan konflik keagamaan di Lombok Utara berdasarkan pada aktifitas-aktifitas yang dilakukannya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, (1) T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin berperan dalam pengembangan dakwah di Lombok Utara melalui da’wah bi al-lisan maupun da’wah bi al-hal dengan pendekatan dakwah kultural. (2) T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin juga berperan dalam penyelesaian konflik keagamaan di Lombok Utara, baik bentuknya konflik antar pemeluk agama yang sama, antar pemeluk agama yang berbeda, maupun antara konflik lain yang melibatkan unsur agama. Secara umum, hasil temuan pada penelitian ini lebih banyak dibahas secara general, terutama pada aspek model pengembangan dakwah dan penyelesaian konfliknya. Kedepan diharapkan, jika ada yang melakukan penelitian serupa, hendaklah mengambil salah satu bagian penting dari tema pokok di atas, misalnya hanya sebatas perannya dalam dakwah ataupun perannya dalam resolusi konflik yang dikaji secara khusus, terpisah dan spesifik. Abstract :  The two problems studied in this research they are: (1) About the role of T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin in developing da'wah in North Lombok? (2) About the role of T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin settling religious conflicts in North Lombok? To answer the problem, the researcher uses qualitative descriptive method that is oriented to the study of characters. Using sociological and communication approach, the researcher tried to describe the role of T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin in developing da'wah and settling religious conflicts in North Lombok based on the activities he did. The results of this study indicate that, (1) T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin plays a role in the development of da'wah in North Lombok through da’wah bi al-lisan or da'wah bi al-hal with the approach of cultural da'wah. (2) T.G.H. Mukhtar Amin also plays a role in the settlement of religious conflicts in North Lombok, both in the form of conflict between the same religion, between different religions, as well as between other conflicts involving religious elements. In general, the findings in this study are mostly discussed in general, especially in the aspect of the model of propagation development and conflict resolution. In the future, it is hoped that if anyone conducts a similar study, take an important part of the main theme above, for example, only in terms of its role in da'wah or its role in conflict resolution that is specifically studied, separated and specific.

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