scholarly journals An Assessment of Religion, Peace and Conflict in the Post 1991 of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Getahun Kumie Antigegn
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Role Of Religion

Religious violence has become increasingly relevant in political and academic discourses. Because of the revival of religions, the contemporary world cannot be understood without accounting for the role of religion and religious organizations in peace and conflict, including the case of Ethiopia. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of religion in peace and conflict in the post 1991 of Ethiopia. Methodologically, the paper employed qualitative research approach by relying on secondary sources of data. The findings of the research revealed that Ethiopia has many positive assets that have to be exploited fully and critically including the role of the Inter-Religious Council. The religious policies of the present Ethiopian government are remarkably different from any of the previous ones with regard to the measure of religious freedom they provide. Paradoxically, one may wonder why is it at this time, where religious freedom and equality of religion are guaranteed, we are witnessing increased tensions and violent religious conflicts in contemporary Ethiopia. Inter-religious relations in Ethiopia have been peaceful and tolerant for long period. However, the rise of inter-religious conflicts in recent decades is taking place. Generally, in contemporary Ethiopia religion is used both as an instrument for producing conflict in certain circumstances and as a powerful resource for peace and transformation of conflict in the society. On the whole, identifying the role of religion in conflict is a very complex task to accomplish, as there are multiple variables to be well-thought-out.

Freedom in Religion, Freedom in the State

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Mirjam Künkler
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The State ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Role Of Religion

This article provides an overview of Böckenförde’s writings on issues of religion, ethos, and the Catholic Church in relation to law, democracy, and the state. It presents Böckenförde as an inner-Catholic critic, who attempted to persuade Catholicism that one’s own freedom can be defended only as part of the general freedom. This was finally achieved, at least dogmatically according to Böckenförde, with the Declaration of Religious Freedom at the end of the Second Vatican Council. The article lays out how Böckenförde sees the role of religion and natural law in secular democracy, namely as one informing the citizens’ ethos. Democracy cannot survive in the long term unless it is carried out by people who consider themselves part of the same demos and work towards a shared democratic culture. The article includes information on his intellectual biography, a periodization of his academic writings in seven phases from 1957 to 2012, a discussion of some of his core arguments as an inner-Catholic critic, a reflection on the cover images he chose for the two volumes, and closes with concluding remarks on Böckenförde’s view of religion in democracy compared to other theorists of democracy and secularism.

Judicializing Religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tew
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Malaysian Politics ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Civil Courts

Religion has become one of the great fault lines of modern Malaysian politics and adjudication. This chapter focuses on the role of religion and religious freedom in the contemporary Malaysian state. It outlines the constitution-making process to locate the place of Islam and religious liberty within the Constitution’s generally secular original framework. Over the past quarter century, the politicization and judicialization of religion has led to an expansion of Islam’s role, fueling polarizing debate over the Malaysian state’s identity as secular or Islamic. Courts have contributed to elevating Islam’s position by deferring jurisdiction to the Sharia courts and expansively interpreting Islam’s constitutional position. The chapter then turns from the descriptive to the prescriptive. It discusses how courts can draw on the constitutional basic structure doctrine to entrench the judicial power of the civil courts to reclaim jurisdictional areas that engage constitutional rights which in the past they have ceded to the religious courts, such as apostasy. It also outlines how courts can use a purposive interpretive approach in line with the Constitution’s framework of protection for religious minorities and individual rights. Finally, it shows how the court can operationalize a proportionality analysis to closely scrutinize government regulations that restrict religious freedom or freedom of expression.

Fragility and Insurgency as Outcomes of Underdevelopment of Public Infrastructure and Socio-Economic Deprivation: The Case of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad Basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 154231662095018
Author(s):  
Robert A. Tayimlong
Keyword(s):  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Lake Chad Basin ◽  
Role Of Religion

2019 marked 10 years since the beginning of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria—a violent conflict that later spilled over to Chad, Cameroon, and Niger, killing over 37000 people and displacing 2.6 million. For over a decade, researchers and policy makers in peacebuilding and development have been trying to understand the drivers of conflict in order to find lasting solutions. Whilst violent conflicts rarely have straightforward explanations, the narrative on the Boko Haram insurgency has been somewhat reductionist, largely addressing the role of religion, and to a lesser extent, other drivers. Moreover, a lot of the literature has focused on Nigeria, for the obvious reason that it was the birthplace of Boko Haram and the epicentre of its activities. As a result of the disproportionate focus on Nigeria, data on the conditions in the affected regions and provinces of Chad, Cameroon, and Niger that facilitated the regional spill over are very minimal. To fill the gap, this article examines the role of the underdevelopment of public infrastructure and socio-economic deprivation as underlying drivers of the insurgency in all four affected countries. Complemented by data from secondary sources, the article builds on primary evidence from field observation, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions in Borno State of Nigeria, the Lake Province of Chad, the Far North Region of Cameroon, and the Diffa Region of Niger, to establish the link between infrastructural development gaps, illiteracy, unemployment, and poverty and the Boko Haram insurgency.

scholarly journals The concept of "religious conflict": searches and discussions

2008 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Alla Vadymivna Aristova
Keyword(s):  
Religious Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The One ◽  
Role Of Religion

Domestic scholars interested in the study of socio-religious conflicts have a very difficult task. In the absence of their own theoretical tradition in the field of conflictology, the long domination of ideological stereotypes and illusions about the role of religion in society, and in the context of the uniqueness of those socio-religious processes that exploded in the 90s of the last century, the researchers found themselves in a real way. On the one hand, the achievements of Western conflictology had just begun to flow into scientific circulation and were still waiting for its processing (besides, in principle, it could not be automatically transferred to the domestic soil), on the other - for the emergence of their own thorough conflictological intelligence it took some time. , for tendencies of development of religious relations, of course, are viewed only with the run of historical events.

‘Belief’ in the Rule of Law and the Hindu Nation and the Rule of Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Indian Nation ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

Ratna Kapur illustrates how the Indian judiciary, through mobilizing a politics of ‘belief,’ has endorsed the identity of the Indian state as a Hindu nation through the discourse of rights and has underscored such practice through the constructed opposition between Islam and gender equality in the advocacy of the Hindu Right. The article analyses the role of religion in the constitutional discourse of secularism in India and how this has been used as a technique to establish and reinforce Hindu majoritarianism. The article focuses on the relationship between secularism, equality, and religion in law, which is pivotal to the Hindu Right’s project of constructing the Indian Nation as Hindu. Kapur notes that the judiciary has played a central role in legitimizing the Hindutva project, and that this project has gained traction in the legal arena to reshape the meaning of equality, gender equality, and religious freedom.

Diskursus Hukum Islam dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan: Memahami Kembali Nilai-Nilai Substantif Agama

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
M. Ikhwan ◽  
Anton Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
National Life ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Times ◽  
Role Of Religion

This paper explain the discourse of Islamic law in the Indonesian context in order to understand the substantive values of religion in national life. The development of the times raises the complexity of problems in life, including the presence of Islamic law in the nation-state, this of course requires a comprehensive discourse in order to answer each of these problems. This paper uses a qualitative research method with a narrative approach by referring to secondary sources so that it can be concluded. First, the formulation of Islamic law in Indonesia needs to be considered in terms of prioritizing the application of the noble values of religion itself (substantive). Second, the role of religion is very large in public life, hence the exclusion of religion from the private sphere or vice versa (placing religious law into the public sphere) needs to be viewed from various aspects. Third, the formalization of Islamic law in several perspectives of the Indonesian legal system is relatively difficult to materialize because of historical, ideological, sociological, political, juridical, religious and cultural considerations, both at the national and international levels.

Freedom of Religion in Post-Soviet Russia

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Olga Kazmina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Collapse Of Communism ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Role Of Religion

The religious situation in Russia has changed greatly following the collapse of communism in 1991. Although the process was more difficult and contradictory than expected in the early 1990s, Russia has made considerable progress on its way to religious freedom. Now, people can openly profess their faith. To evaluate the degree of religious freedom in contemporary Russia, it is necessary to examine legal acts such as the Constitution arui laws on religion, and how they are implemented, the dynamics of the denominational structure of the population, and the status of different denominations in society. During the 1990s, there were crucial changes in such spheres as the principles of church-state relations, religious legislation, and the role of religion in the social, political, and cultural life of the country. Religion is recovering its place in society lost during the Soviet period, and can play a significant role in overcoming the social crisis and contribute to building a civil society. The growing interest in religion can be reconciled with freedom, pluralism, and tolerance.

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