scholarly journals The European Union’s Potential Contribution to Protect Marine Biodiversity in the Changing Arctic: A Roadmap

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengye Liu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

This article provides a roadmap for possible European Union (eu) action in the protection of marine biodiversity in the changing Arctic. First the eu’s competence in the Arctic is briefly introduced. Then the discussion turns to the eu’s potential external and internal actions in shipping, fisheries and offshore oil and gas operations that could possibly enhance the international legal regime for the protection of marine biodiversity in the Arctic. The eu’s role vis-à-vis the global biodiversity regime and cross-cutting measures under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea are discussed together in the final part.

scholarly journals The European Union as an Actor in the Law of the Sea, with Particular Reference to the Arctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Churchill
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
The Law ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract The first part of this article explores the extent to which the European Union (EU) is an actor in the law of the sea. After explaining when, why and how the EU became such an actor, it considers the legal and political constraints on the capacity of the EU to act; the interests that have shaped its role as an actor; and the various means by which it acts. The second part of the article applies the conclusions from this analysis to outline the role that the EU has so far played in the ongoing development of the legal regime of the marine Arctic and to predict the role that it will continue to play, especially as regards navigation, fisheries, the exploitation of offshore oil and gas, and the protection of the environment.

Arctic Europe Between National Interests and Arctic Governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Igor Kochev ◽  
Wim Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
The Eu

From an economic point of view, melting ice is making the Arctic ocean increasingly important for a number of countries – Arctic states as well as non-Arctic states. Also, the EU has clear interests in the area. This chapter provides a brief description of those interests and its implications on the EU's relationship with the Arctic partners. This note takes seven aspects of the EU-relations with the Arctic states into consideration (i.e., the institutional framework, the EU Arctic interests and policies, shipping, fishing, marine mammals, offshore oil and gas operations, and the EU's Arctic partners).

Joint Development of Offshore Oil and Gas Resources in the Arctic Ocean Region and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-105
Author(s):  
John Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean region presents certain challenges to peaceful cooperation between states, particularly in the locations where ocean boundaries and ownership of the related resources are disputed. The establishment of Joint Development Zones (JDZs) for the development of offshore oil and gas resources in the Arctic Ocean can facilitate international cooperation over resource development where there are competing claims. These claims are generally based on continental shelf jurisdiction under the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). There are several alternative dispute resolution measures available underUNCLOS; however, a number of states have preferred to adopt aJDZas an interim measure to allow development. The significance ofJDZs for the Arctic Ocean region is that they can allow peaceful cooperation and development where the specific circumstances of Arctic claims make it difficult for the respective states to agree on the maritime boundary.

China’s Role in the Changing Governance of Arctic Shipping

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengye Liu
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Legal System

This paper explores the role that China could play in the development of an effective international legal system for the governance of Arctic shipping. The first part describes the current international legal regime applicable to shipping activities in the Arctic. The second assesses China’s relations with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Arctic Council. China’s potential contribution to the governance of Arctic shipping is addressed in the final part.

scholarly journals The new Brazilian Space: Amazônia Azul and its implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Marianne L. Wiesebron
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Offshore Oil

A Brazilian Admiral coined the concept Amazônia Azul or Blue Amazon, to draw attention to the incredible size of the country’s jurisdictional waters and to all the resources they contain, living, mineral including offshore oil and gas. These waters represent nearly 4.5 million km2 , which equals over 50% of the country’s land surface. However, to create this space with this enormous size, the Brazilian Interministerial Commission for Sea Resources (CIRM), coordinated by the Navy, had to be quite ingenious to follow the rules of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This article studies first the establishment of the space Amazônia Azul, then how this space is being developed in a sustainable way, and how its defence is being set up. The policies of defence created by the Lula Government are also quite innovative, and, in particular, the technology transfer with strategic military partners warrants special attention.

Drilling and Service Contracts in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
J. M. Killey
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Offshore Operations

As onshore oil and gas deposits are becoming more difficult to locate, and as the world demands for energy continue to increase at an alarming rate, oil companies are channeling much of their exploration activities towards offshore operations, and in particular, towards operations centered off Canada's coast lines. Because of the environment, offshore drilling presents problems which are novel to the onshore-geared oil industry. J. M. Killey discusses in detail many of the considerations involved in drafting the offshore drilling contract, concentrating on problems such as the liability of the various parties; costs; scheduling; pollution; conflict of laws; etc. Similarly, he discusses service contracts (such as supply boat charters; towing services; helicopter services; etc.^ which are necessity to the operation of an offshore drilling rig. To complement his paper, the author has included number of appendices which list the various considerations lawyer must keep in mind when drafting contracts for offshore operations.

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