International Governance in the Arctic: The Law of the Sea Convention with a Special Focus on Offshore Oil and Gas

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrul Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The Law ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

scholarly journals The European Union as an Actor in the Law of the Sea, with Particular Reference to the Arctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Churchill
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
The Law ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Abstract The first part of this article explores the extent to which the European Union (EU) is an actor in the law of the sea. After explaining when, why and how the EU became such an actor, it considers the legal and political constraints on the capacity of the EU to act; the interests that have shaped its role as an actor; and the various means by which it acts. The second part of the article applies the conclusions from this analysis to outline the role that the EU has so far played in the ongoing development of the legal regime of the marine Arctic and to predict the role that it will continue to play, especially as regards navigation, fisheries, the exploitation of offshore oil and gas, and the protection of the environment.

scholarly journals The European Union’s Potential Contribution to Protect Marine Biodiversity in the Changing Arctic: A Roadmap

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengye Liu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

This article provides a roadmap for possible European Union (eu) action in the protection of marine biodiversity in the changing Arctic. First the eu’s competence in the Arctic is briefly introduced. Then the discussion turns to the eu’s potential external and internal actions in shipping, fisheries and offshore oil and gas operations that could possibly enhance the international legal regime for the protection of marine biodiversity in the Arctic. The eu’s role vis-à-vis the global biodiversity regime and cross-cutting measures under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea are discussed together in the final part.

Arctic Europe Between National Interests and Arctic Governance

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Igor Kochev ◽  
Wim Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
The Eu

From an economic point of view, melting ice is making the Arctic ocean increasingly important for a number of countries – Arctic states as well as non-Arctic states. Also, the EU has clear interests in the area. This chapter provides a brief description of those interests and its implications on the EU's relationship with the Arctic partners. This note takes seven aspects of the EU-relations with the Arctic states into consideration (i.e., the institutional framework, the EU Arctic interests and policies, shipping, fishing, marine mammals, offshore oil and gas operations, and the EU's Arctic partners).

scholarly journals Approaches to Assessing the Strategic Sustainability of High-Risk Offshore Oil and Gas Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Alexey Cherepovitsyn ◽  
Anna Tsvetkova ◽  
Nadejda Komendantova
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Project Management System ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

In the face of today’s global challenges, oil and gas companies must define long-term priorities and opportunities in implementing complex Arctic offshore projects, taking into account environmental, economic, technological and social aspects. In this regard, ensuring strategic sustainability is the basis for long-term development. The aim of the study is to analyze existing approaches to the concept of “strategic sustainability” of an offshore Arctic oil and gas project and to develop a methodological approach to assessing the strategic sustainability of offshore oil and gas projects. In the theoretical part of the study, the approaches to defining strategic sustainability were reviewed, and their classification was completed, and the most appropriate definition of strategic sustainability for an offshore oil and gas project was chosen. The method of hierarchy analysis was used for strategic sustainability assessment. Specific criteria have been proposed to reflect the technical, geological, investment, social and environmental characteristics important to the offshore oil and gas project. The strategic sustainability of 5 offshore oil and gas projects was analyzed using an expert survey as part of the hierarchy analysis method. Recommendations were made on the development of an offshore project management system to facilitate the emergence of new criteria and improve the quality of the strategic sustainability assessment of offshore projects in the Arctic.

Optimization of OSV Fleet for an Offshore Oil and Gas Field in the Russian Arctic

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar-Saša Milaković ◽  
Mads Ulstein ◽  
Alexei Bambulyak ◽  
Sören Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Due to a constantly increasing global energy demand on one side, and depletion of available hydrocarbon resources on another, a continuous search for new reserves of hydrocarbons is required (BP Energy Outlook 2035 [1]). Having in mind that estimated 22% of the world’s undiscovered petroleum is located in the Arctic, 84% of which is projected to be offshore (US Geology Survey [2]), the Arctic becomes a logical region of activities expansion for the oil and gas industry. Opposing large expected quantities of hydrocarbons that are to be found in the Arctic, there are also numerous challenges that need to be overcome in order to make production economically feasible. One of the segments of offshore production process that is expected to be influenced by Arctic conditions is upstream supply chain, or chain of delivery of products and services that are necessary for unhindered operation of an offshore field. Within upstream supply chain, it is expected that the configuration of Offshore Supply Vessel (OSV) fleet will be significantly affected by specific Arctic conditions, mainly by large distances to supply base as well as by environmental conditions. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify an optimal composition of OSV fleet taking into consideration specific Arctic conditions. A simulation model describes an upstream supply chain taking into consideration stochastic nature of environmental conditions in the Arctic. An optimization model is built on top of the simulation model in order to assess optimal configuration of the fleet with respect to operational costs. Simulation and optimization are run for a case of an offshore oil and gas field development in the Russian Arctic.

scholarly journals Rachael Lorna Johnstone, Offshore Oil and Gas Development in the Arctic under International Law: Risk and Responsibility (Leiden: Brill, 2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarni Már Magnússon
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

Book review of: Rachael Lorna Johnstone, Offshore Oil and Gas Development in the Arctic under International Law: Risk and Responsibility (Leiden, Brill), 2015, ISBN 978-90-042693-30, hardbound.

International Regulatory Challenges of New Developments in Offshore Nuclear Energy Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Redgwell ◽  
Efthymios Papastavridis
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Offshore Oil

This chapter explains the technological development of TNPPs and considers the imminence of construction and deployment offshore. We demonstrate that while there are legal rules of potential application to TNPPs, these do not constitute a comprehensive legal regulation framework. Are existing rules fit for purpose? For example, the IMO has adapted existing regulations to address offshore oil and gas activities in the Arctic (and Antarctic) in its ‘Polar Code’. . However, adapting existing legal rules may manifest pathway dependence mirroring the potential ‘technological lock-in’ of SMRs based on proven technology. The authors further observe that, just as climate change is characterized by polycentric governance, so too will questions of TNPP regulation cut across different fields of international law and different institutions—not just the IMO and IAEA.

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