scholarly journals Children’s Representation in Family Law Proceedings

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-98
Author(s):  
Charlotte Mol

In the debate on child participation in family law proceedings, a pertinent question is whether or not to provide children with representation and if so, how to provide it. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc) provides minimum standards for the child’s right to express views and to do so, in judicial proceedings, through a representative. This article takes these minimum standards as a yardstick to evaluate the legal frameworks of child representation in the family law proceedings of four jurisdictions: Australia (New South Wales), France, the Netherlands and South Africa. On the basis of a systematic legal comparison and evaluation, this article presents a “compliance report card” and concludes with new insights and questions regarding children’s representation and Article 12, uncrc.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vicary ◽  
Mike Clare ◽  
Judy Tennant ◽  
Tine Hoult

Internationally, there is a growing trend for children and young people to participate in decisions affecting their lives (Bellamy 2002; Hart 1997). The active participation of children and young people is clearly articulated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). However, despite the international movement towards children's participation, there are precious few opportunities for Australian children and young people to contribute to policy and research debate in a sustainable manner. A review of the literature demonstrates that there are few ongoing research or policy advisory groups made up of children and young people, and those that are operational are generally auspiced by Children's Commissioners (e.g. New South Wales) and policy offices addressing the issues of children and young people.In Western Australia, when children and young people are consulted, the dialogues tend to be short-term and issue-specific in nature. This paper will briefly discuss a number of techniques employed to engage Western Australian children and young people in dialogues about important issues affecting their lives. Using these examples, the barriers that challenge efficacious children's and young people's participation are discussed; finally, some suggested ways forward are delineated.


2020 ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Gussev ◽  
Yessil S. Rakhmetov ◽  
Aliya K. Berdibayeva ◽  
Ainash Yessekeyeva

The aim of the article is to analyze the paternity as a component of the institution of the family, its modern transformations and the resulting challenges, including modern features of parenthood. The authors show that the modern understanding of paternity is determined by gender identity and social constructs that equalize the rights of all persons who act as guardians of the child. The authors determine that the problem of paternity involves not only civil issues, but also family and in-ternational law. The authors of the article clearly show that paternity can act not only as a voluntary, conscious act, but also as a mandatory legal norm. In particu-lar, the authors note that it is possible to use the method of establishing paternity or delegating part of the authority to raise a child in the context of considering public law and its prevalence over family law. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the importance of establishing the principles, as well as the legal conditions for implementing the functions of paternity, will form not only legal but also social forms and even economic parameters for citi-zens and address issues of ensuring human rights, including the rights of the child.


1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lewis ◽  
AJA Green

Four new species of Actaecia Dana are described from Australia; three of these (A. bipleura, A. cyphotelson and A. nasuta) are from beaches in south-eastem Australia and one (A. forrnida) is from the mid-eastern coast of Queensland. Specimens from Tasmania identified previously as Actaecia pallida Nicholls & Barnes belong to A. bipleura. The same probably applies to others from New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. The distributions of the six Australian species are noted. A review of the monogeneric family Actaeciidae includes a new diagnosis of Actaecia and a key to species. The distributions of the two New Zealand species are listed.


1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiýí Kolibác

Four new species of the family Thanerocleridae are described from Australia (Queensland, New South Wales): Isoclerus (Isoclerus) rumcajs, I. (I.) manka, I. (I.) cipisek and I. (I.) gerstmeieri. These species are the first records of the family’s autochthonous members from the Australian continent. The subgenus Isoclerus (Lyctosoma) Lewis is synonymised with Isoclerus (Isoclerus) Lewis. Hypotheses concerning the biogeography of subtribe Isoclerina Kolibáÿč in which the newly described species belong, are proposed. The ancestral area of Isoclerina may be in Africa or somewhere in the region of Europe, Greenland and the eastern part of North America – in either case, in the Lower to Middle Cretaceous era. Also, pan-biogeographic hypotheses are formulated for the distribution patterns of species of the subgenus Isoclerus.


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4434 (3) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
OWEN D. SEEMAN ◽  
MARIA MINOR ◽  
MICHELLE R. BAKER ◽  
DAVID EVANS WALTER

The discovery of a new genus of Heatherellidae in New Zealand has led us to revise this enigmatic family and its constituent genera. Aheatherella n. gen., based on A. mira n. sp. from the North Island of New Zealand, lacks some of the derived character states that link the Australian Heatherella, most notably the lack of sexual dimorphism in the dorsal shields and in the presence of peritremes in adult Aheatherella. Heatherella osleri n. sp. is described from New South Wales, extending the distribution of this genus beyond Queensland. New collection records of H. callimaulos and a key to the genera and species of the family are provided. We propose that the Heatherellidae—previously placed in its own cohort outside the Gamasina—are best considered a superfamily of gamasine mites within the subcohort Epicriiae. 


1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Evans

New species of Triassic Homoptera and Heteroptera from the Brookvale series of New South Wales and Mt. Crosby, Queensland, are described, one homopteron from the Upper Permian of Warner's Bay, N.S.W., and Homoptera previously recorded from Palaeozoic and Mesozoic strata in Australia and elsewhere are reviewed. New illustrations, made from type specimens, are given for some Australian species. Representatives of the family Scytinopteridae, previously known only from Permian strata, are recorded from the Triassic. Two forewings of uncertain affinities, but having venational features similar to hylicids, are ascribed to species in genera placed in a new family, the Hylicellidae. For leaf-hoppers which are regarded as transitional between the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic faunas, a new family, the Stenoviciidae, is proposed, and another new family, the Chiliocyclidae, is proposed for a group of Mesozoic leaf-hoppers of wide distribution. A forewing from the Triassic of Queensland is identified as that of a eurymelid and another as a cicadellid. The earliest undoubted cercopid, so far recorded, is described from the Triassic; a new family, the Eoscarterellidae, is defined to comprise insects of probable cercopoid affinities, and the family Dysmorphoptilidae is transferred to the Cercopoidea. As the genus Palaeontina Butler is considered not to be a homopteron, a new family name, the Cicadomorphidae, is proposed for large Homoptera with cicada-like wings, previously recorded only from the Jurassic of Europe and which formerly have been included in the family Palaeontinidae. A new genus and species belonging to the Cicadomorphidae is described from the Triassic of New South Wales. The relationships of a new family, the Cicadoprosbolidae, and of the Mesogereonidae are discussed and both are considered to be allied to the Cicadidae. Two new psylloids are described and also an aphid, the latter being the first representative of the Aphidoidea to be recorded from Triassic strata. No new fulgoroids are described but problems associated with the determination of fulgoroid venation are discussed. The genus Actinoscytim Tillyard is transferred from the Homoptera to the Heteroptera and together with three new genera ascribed to a new family, the Actinoscytinidae. The family Ipsviciidae, formerly regarded as belonging to the Homoptera is also removed to the Heteroptera. The family Dunstaniidae is reviewed in the light of a re-examination of type specimens. Fossil fragments, poorly-preserved specimens, and wings of uncertain position which have at some time been referred to the Homoptera, are listed, and some are discussed. Possible derivations and interrelationships of the various major groups of Homoptera are indicated by means of a chart.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Renae Hockey ◽  
Lachlan Wilmott ◽  
Lachlan Hall ◽  
George Madani

The Eastern Pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanu s is a small arboreal marsupial in the family Burramyidae that is threatened in parts of its range. Considered a generalist omnivore, its diet is known to include invertebrates, seeds, nectar and pollen. Tree sap has never before been recorded as a part of the diet of C. nanus . Here, we report on two observations of C. nanus feeding on eucalypt sap in south-eastern New South Wales.


1921 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Carter

The genus Leptoconops was erected in 1890 by the Australian dipterist Skuse for a minute black Chironomid fly which he captured at Woronora, near Sydney, New South Wales. This genus he placed in the last of the three sections into which he divided the family Chironomidae, namely, the Ceratopogonina. The fly greatly resembled a small species of Simulium in general facies, and presented certain peculiar characters which rendered it strikingly distinct from other members of the section. Indeed, certain authors (Mik 1894, Johannsen 1905) have since drawn attention to the marked similarity in the wing venation of an American species (L. torrens, Twns.) and Corynoneura, a genus of the subfamily Chironominae. Later (1907) Noé suggested the formation of an additional subfamily—Leptoconopinae—for the Australian and allied species (at that time classified in three genera), and Malloch (1915), although acknowledging that the genus Tersesthes, Twns. (a synonym of Leptoconops), was unknown to him, associated it with the Chironominae rather than with the Ceratopogoninae. Apart from the wing venation, however, Leptoconops shows no affinities with Corynoneura, but rather agrees with the Ceratopogonine midges, particularly in regard to the structure of the thorax and mouth-parts. Several species of Leptoconops have now been described, but owing to differences in the interpretation of, or slight variations in, some of the generic characters given by Skuse, as well as to subsequent descriptive errors, they have, in greater part, been referred to the genera Tersesthes, Twns., and Mycterotypus, Noé. As was to be expected, however, the close agreement exhibited in the diagnoses of these genera and of Leptoconops has caused several authors to suggest their identity; but indefinite or partial conclusion* only were reached, since the genotype of Leptoconops (L. stygius, Sk.) was not re-examined.


1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Carlos A Rosa ◽  
William T Starmer ◽  
Birgit Schlag-Edler ◽  
J Stuart F. Baker ◽  
...  

Several strains of three new taxa of haploid heterothallic yeasts have been isolated from various ephemeral flowers and associated insects in North and South America and Australia. Metschnikowia continentalis comprises two varieties and is a close relative of Metschnikowia hawaiiensis. Like the latter, it produces giant ascospores and lives in association with the insects that colonize flowers of the family Convolvulaceae. These species exhibit an unusual asymmetrical mating, but their rare asci are sterile. The varieties of M. continentalis undergo unlimited mating, but ascospores are rarely formed. Metschnikowia continentalis var. continentalis was isolated in central Brazil and is thought to occur across South America.Metschnikowia continentalis var. borealis was recovered in the Great Lakes area and may represent a North American population. Metschnikowia hibisci was found in the flowers and insects of various Hibiscus species in the Australian states of New South Wales and Queensland but appeared to be absent in members of the Convolvulaceae growing in the same areas. The latter forms intermediate-sized ascospores and one of its mating types forms conjugation tubes in the presence of cells of other Metschnikowia species. The three taxa share with M. hawaiiensis a large deletion in the D2 region of their large ribosomal DNA subunit, but in M. hibisci, the variable domain of the D2 region shares little, if any, sequence similarity with others. The type cultures are as follows:M. continentalis var. continentalis strains UFMG96-173 (h+, CBS8429) and UFMG96-179 (h-, CBS8430); M. continentalis var. borealis strains UWO(PS)96-104.2 (h+, CBS 8431) and UWO(PS)96-101.1 (h-, CBS8432); and M. hibisci strains UWO(PS)95-797.2 (h+, CBS8433) and UWO(PS)95-805.1 (h-, CBS8434).Key words: Metschnikowia, yeast, Convolvulaceae, Hibiscus, geographic speciation.


Zoosymposia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL L. GEIGER ◽  
TAKENORI SASAKI

Four new species of Anatomidae are described: Anatoma herberti n. sp. with strong axial sculpture on the shoulder and base; A. austrolissa n. sp. with almost smooth sculpture except for axial cords in the adumbilical half of the base; A. boucheti n. sp. with sunken protoconch and selenizone that starts after more than one teleoconch I whorl; and A. fl exidentata n. sp. with a highly modifi ed radula, shared only with A. austrolissa, among known anatomid species. Three of the species are only known from the Indian Ocean, while the more deep-water A. austrolissa is known from Reunion Island and New South Wales, Australia. The radula of A. flexidentata and A. austrolissa is strikingly different from that of other Anatomidae and Vetigastropoda in that it has flexible equally-shaped teeth in the central field and filamentous teeth in the marginal fi eld. Similar radular morphologies are known from Calliostomatidae.


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