‘Satis est — Necesse est’

Exchange ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Hellqvist
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Apostolic Succession ◽  
The Church ◽  
Common Vision ◽  
The Way

The task of the current paper is to compare two important, ecclesiological documents to each other, namely, the document The Church of Jesus Christ (cjc, 1994) of the Leuenberg Church Fellowship to the Faith and Order document The Church: Towards a Common Vision (ctcv, 2012). The first one, cjc, outlines an ecclesiology of one, specific confessional church family and church fellowship, in a geographical area. ctcv, on the other hand, reflects the global situation, and seeks to express convergence between churches living in very different societies and cultural spheres. By comparing the two documents, this paper explores themes such as church as a community of Saints, the Leuenberg methodology of unity, legitimate diversity, apostolic succession and requirements for unity. The paper argues that the Leuenberg model of ‘reconciled diversity’ could be understood as a step and a practical tool on the way to the full, visible unity, which, according to ctcv, is the ultimate goal of the ecumenical movement.

The Realignment of Mormon Religious Authority

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Jana Riess
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
The Church

This chapter examines how young adult Mormons regard ecclesiastical authority differently than older Mormons do. Mormons stand apart from many other faiths because they believe their leaders are the only men authorized by Jesus Christ himself to exercise all the authority of the holy priesthood. Given this belief—that Mormonism's uniqueness stretches from its ecclesiastical authority in the form of prophets and apostles—it is not surprising that the religion strongly emphasizes obeying the teachings of those leaders. Indeed, millennial Mormons have grown up in a religious tradition that places a premium on obeying the leaders of the Church and have inherited modern Mormonism's expanded view of the role of the prophet. On the other hand, they're also embedded within a generation that takes a dim view of many traditional institutions, including religious ones, and has tended to qualify claims to exclusive truth. The chapter then considers how young adult Mormons reconcile these tensions within themselves.

Die musikalische Ambivalenz in Kleists Die heilige Cäcilie oder die Gewalt der Musik: Urteil über den Katholizismus oder Hilfsmittel zur Glaubensfindung?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Raphaela Tkotzyk
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Concrete Statement ◽  
Alternative Understanding ◽  
The Way

AbstractHeinrich von Kleist’s attitude toward the Catholic Church has produced two major positions in modern German literature. On one hand, there are those who understand Kleist simply as a church critic; on the other hand, there are those who consider Kleist’s attitude – and his alleged Kantian crisis and departure from all scholars – as supportive towards the Church. Die heilige Cäcilie precisely exemplifies this debate, because, depending on the way one reads the narrative, the text can be interpreted as an endorsement or as a criticism of the Church. However, the text can be read quite differently for yet, a third, alternative understanding: the element of music involved in Die heilige Cäcilie undermines a concrete definition of its position as well as a concrete statement regarding Kleist’s religious creed. Thereby, it serves as a tool to help the reader to make decisions in terms of religious beliefs and doctrines.

Is Episcopacy a Jewish Institution ?

1949 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Alfred Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Church Of God ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Holy Ghost ◽  
1 Peter ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Church

IT is a commonplace that the New Testament never speaks of the ordination of bishops. Elders or presbyters with powers of administration and instruction were the only ordained ministers. The church at Jerusalem was in the care of “the apostles and the elders”. When St. Paul visited Ephesus, it was the elders (presbyters) whom he summoned and addressed. It is not a little strange that he should tell these elders that the Holy Ghost had made them “bishops” to feed the church of God. The natural inference (unless the word episcopus is used in a general sense of overseer) would be that the office of elder and bishop could be held by the same person. St. Paul left Titus in Crete with the express purpose of completing the organization of the church there by appointing elders. But here, too, the bishop and the elder seem to be one and the same if any meaning is to be given to γὰρ in v. 7. Again, 1 Peter v, 2, if the reading ἐπισκποῦντ∊ς be allowed to stand, points in the same direction; if it is to be omitted then the epistle recognizes no bishop but Jesus Christ, and then only in a verbal, not a real sense. Moreover, though there are presbyters in heaven, there are no bishops: at any rate the apocalyptist of Patmos saw none !On the other hand St. Paul, in addressing the whole congregation of the faithful at Philippi, adds “together with the bishops and deacons”, making no mention of presbyters.

scholarly journals Ku wolności wyzwolił nas Chrystus (Ga 5,1). Teologiczne aspekty ludzkiej wolności

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Janusz Królikowski
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The discovery of universal freedom is an achievement of Saint Paul, and an achievement of the Church is a consequent propagation of this fact throughout the centuries. The Christian character of this discovery was already noticed by Hegel. In today’s world, so strongly marked by the search of freedom it is necessary to reiterate the Christian vision of freedom which is a universal one. This vision is profoundly theological in character and deeply rooted in the mystery of redemption brought by Jesus Christ. This article touches upon this fact and points out its certain aspects, especially the soteriological one. Bearing in mind the theology of freedom we cannot ignore its abundant anthropological references. The article recalls the proposition of St. Thomas Aquinas, which has been largely accepted by Catholic theology and constitutes a benchmark of anthropological philosophy which has a special application in ethics. Christian tradition stresses the fact that for a human, freedom is above all “a vocation”. Therefore, on the one hand God’s definite design through Jesus Christ concerning man has to find its eschatological realization, on the other hand man’s freedom which is solidifying in this design has to revel and show itself to the full. Undoubtedly, the eschatological issue in Christian vision of freedom is worth mentioning as well.

'Ecclesia, sponsa Christi': La eclesiología en el libro XV del 'Contra Faustum' de Agustín de Hipona

Augustinus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-152
Author(s):  
Enrique A. Eguiarte ◽  
Mauricio Saavedra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saint Augustine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Kingdom Of Heaven ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

In this article, Book XV of 'Contra Faustum' is approached to present the various ecclesiological ideas of Faustus and Saint Augustine, behind which there are two different hypotexts of the Book of Revelation. Faustus starts from the text of Rev 21:9, which presents the Church as sponsa and uxor, that is to say of an ecclesiology that has as point of departure a consummated eschatology which is on the way to perfection. Saint Augustine starts from the text of Rev 21:2 and 22:17, where the Church is presented as sponsa, with an ecclesiology of an eschatology not yet consummated, of the 'schon jetz aber noch nicht', where the Church lives in the hope of becoming the uxor Christi in the kingdom of heaven, when the time of the nuptiae arrives. On the other hand, the fact that Saint Augustine within the Contra Faustum never calls the group of Manicheans with the word ecclesia, but only with terms such as societas or congregatio, is underlined. The article alludes to the Christological insights of Book XV of 'Contra Faustum'. The other allusions to the Church as sponsa and uxor Christi in Book XXII of 'Contra Faustum' are also studied, in order to point out again the augustinian ecclesiological idea of an eschatology not yet consummated, and the fact that the Church is also, according to Saint Augustine, the Sister of Christ.

scholarly journals Einstein the deist and Flew the theist viewed from a Christian perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Potgieter
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
Personal Philosophy ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Church

Both Albert Einstein and Antony Flew had various religious influences during their adolescent years. But both turned away from Christianity due to rational inconsistencies that, in their views, made faith incompatible to science, on the one hand, and to reason, on the other. Einstein retained a deistic sense of appreciation of the universe while Flew retreated into atheism. The former expressed his deism in Spinozian terms and never actually seriously questioned the god of Spinoza. Flew, on the other hand, embarked on atheism based on rationality on the Socratic premise that he would follow where the evidence led. While Einstein remained a deist to the end, Flew followed the evidence converted to deism and then to theism. Insights into these two great rational thinkers will serve to remind the church and zealous evangelicals that a more deliberate account needs to be taken of a person’s background, their personal philosophy and reasons for commitment to alternate beliefs. Knowing what draws thinking persons to their commitments allow for a more insightful approach to be adopted by Christians wanting to state the case for Christian theism as fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

scholarly journals Eucaristia e experiência de Deus. A importância da Eucaristia no atual contexto de busca do Sagrado

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (244) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Luchetti Bingemer
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Words ◽  
Experience Of God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

Na sociedade atual, onde convivem e se entrecruzam, por um lado, a secularização que parece minimizar e desvalorizar o sagrado e o religioso e, por outro lado, a explosão de novas formas de expressão religiosa, a celebração da Eucaristia pretende oferecer àqueles que dela participam uma experiência de Deus. Para isso, a Igreja vive hoje o desafio da fidelidade a toda a profundidade de significação contida no Sacramento da Eucaristia, mas ao mesmo tempo de comunicar o mistério que é seu conteúdo em novas palavras e por novas expressões, por meios que atraiam e seduzam os seres humanos modernos. Para isso, a Eucaristia conta com um elemento de novidade radical naquilo que concerne ao sentido do sagrado: o mistério da Encarnação de Jesus Cristo, Verbo feito carne, Mediador Único  da Nova Aliança. Abstract: In present-day society, where side by side and intersecting, secularization on the one hand seems to minimize and devalorize the sacred and the religious while on the other hand is the explosion of new ways to express religiousness, the celebration of the Eucharist intends to offer to those who participate in it an experience of God. For this, the Church today lives out the challenge of fidelity to all the depth ofmeaning contained in the Sacrament of the Eucharist, but at the same time to communicate the mystery which is its content through new words and by new expressions, by means which attract and allure modern human beings. For this the Eucharist counts upon an element of newness radical in that which has to do with the meaning of the sacred: the mystery of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ,Word made flesh, the only Mediator of the New Alliance.

Ibn-Ul-Arabi's Cultural Environment that Influenced Him

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kazım Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The cultural environment of Ibn al-Arabi is in Andalusia, Spain today. There, on the one hand, Sufism, on the other hand, thinks like Ibn Bacce (Death.1138), Ibn Tufeyl (Death186), Ibn Rushd (Death.1198) and the knowledge and philosophy inherited by scholars, . Ibn al-Arabi (1165-1240), that was the effect of all this; But more mystic (mystic) circles came out of the way. This work, written by Ibn al-Arabi's works (especially Futuhati Mekkiye), also contains a very small number of other relevant sources.

Historical Writing in the Balkans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Brunnbauer
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This chapter analyzes historiography in several Balkan countries, paying particular attention to the communist era on the one hand, and the post-1989–91 period on the other. When communists took power in Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia in 1944–5, the discipline of history in these countries—with the exception of Albania—had already been institutionalized. The communists initially set about radically changing the way history was written in order to construct a more ideologically suitable past. In 1989–91, communist dictatorships came to an end in Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Albania. Years of war and ethnic cleansing would ensue in the former Yugoslavia. These upheavals impacted on historiography in different ways: on the one hand, the end of communist dictatorship brought freedom of expression; on the other hand, the region faced economic displacement.

Behavioral flexibility in Belief-Desire- Intention (BDI) architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-377
Author(s):  
Adel Saadi ◽  
Ramdane Maamri ◽  
Zaidi Sahnoun
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Bdi Agents ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Other Hand

The Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model is a popular approach to design flexible agents. The key ingredient of BDI model, that contributed to concretize behavioral flexibility, is the inclusion of the practical reasoning. On the other hand, researchers signaled some missing flexibility’s ingredient, in BDI model, essentially the lack of learning. Therefore, an extensive research was conducted in order to extend BDI agents with learning. Although this latter body of research is important, the key contribution of BDI model, i.e., practical reasoning, did not receive a sufficient attention. For instance, for performance reasons, some of the concepts included in the BDI model are neglected by BDI architectures. Neglecting these concepts was criticized by some researchers, as the ability of the agent to reason will be limited, which eventually leads to a more or less flexible reasoning, depending on the concepts explicitly included. The current paper aims to stimulate the researchers to re-explore the concretization of practical reasoning in BDI architectures. Concretely, this paper aims to stimulate a critical review of BDI architectures regarding the flexibility, inherent from the practical reasoning, in the context of single agents, situated in an environment which is not associated with uncertainty. Based on this review, we sketch a new orientation and some suggested improvements for the design of BDI agents. Finally, a simple experiment on a specific case study is carried out to evaluate some suggested improvements, namely the contribution of the agent’s “well-informedness” in the enhancement of the behavioral flexibility.

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