THE MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC COMMENTARY ON PLATO’S REPUBLIC: IBN RUSHD’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE POSITION AND POTENTIAL OF WOMEN

This paper investigates the twelfth-century commentary on Plato’s Republic by the Andalusian Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes). Ibn Rushd is considered to be the only Muslim philosopher who commented on the Republic. Written around 375 BC, Plato’s Republic discusses the order and character of a just city-state and contains revolutionary ideas on the position and qualities of women, which remained contested also in Ibn Rushd’s time. This Muslim philosopher is primarily known as the most esteemed commentator of Aristotle. However, for the lack of an Arabic translation of Aristotle’s Politics, Ibn Rushd commented on the political theory of Aristotle’s teacher, i.e. Plato’s Republic, instead. In his commentary, Ibn Rushd juxtaposes examples from Plato’s context and those from contemporary Muslim societies. Notably, when he diverges from the text, he does not drift off toward more patriarchal, Aristotelian interpretations. On the contrary, he argues that women are capable of being rulers and philosophers, that their true competencies remain unknown as long as they are deprived of education, and that this situation is detrimental to the flourishing of the city. This article aims to critically analyse Ibn Rushd’s statements on the position of women, as well as their reception in scholarly literature.

Analysis of Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd political thoughts in the context Pakistani political system

This study was aimed to comparatively analyse the political thoughts of Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd, and their possible implications in the current Pakistani political system. A qualitative method was chosen to conduct the study and they were collected from secondary sources. Besides, content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The role of politics considered a significant part of human’s life, since time immemorial. In terms of epistemological meaning, politics has a deep relation with power. Different kind of ordinances and law documents was collected related to public law in one place by Al-Mawardi and Ibn Rushd. No society, community, city, or even any country did not prevail, without an effective constitution or government structure. The famous scholar Ibn Rushd highlighted the political injustice and failure of the secular political laws which claimed to provide and established justice in the Islamic society. Muslims have bottomless faith in the political teachings of Islam taught by Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa (PBUH), His companions to accomplish in their communities. Al-Marwardi and Ibn Rushd School of thought, was greatly focused on the teaching of Islam in the modern world. It was recommended that there is a need for the implementation of the Islamic laws and rules in the society, to meet the laws of Islam for the prosperity of the society.

A Hermeneutic Perspective on Rationalists versus Doctrinists

In this paper the issue of the hermeneutic theory in the Islamic heritage of rationalists and doctrinists is being discussed, and an effort will be made to cipher a procedural definition of interpretation despite of all the contradictions and criticism experienced by this term throughout Islamic history. Therefore, traditionalists may be seen as an indispensable source alongwith doctrinists such as Ibn al-Arabi, al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd, Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani, al-Tabari, al-Shatibi, and Ibn Taymiyyah.

The Evaluation of the Fourth Grade Students' Performance in Preparing and Drawing Maps of Iraq

The aim of the research is to evaluate the performance of fourth grade students in departments of Geography in drawing geographical maps and identifying geographical phenomena in a precise scientific manner, with emphasis on the need to use (map elements) in drawing. The map of Iraq was the sample used in the research. The researcher adopted the field study (tests) in the department of Geography in three colleges at University of Baghdad, namely (Arts, Education (Ibn Rushd), and Education for Girls). The sample size was about (125) students in each department, so the total number of students was (375) students, which contributed to give a clear picture about students' performance. The main point at which the research reached is that there are good aspects in drawing maps and identifying geographical phenomena, but not at the required level. Still some other aspects are met with a great failure due to a number of reasons such as adopting old methods, the lack of financial support, and the lack of new scientific programs which contribute in raising the level of students' performance in drawing maps. Another reasons why students are not at the required level is ascribed to the fact of not adopting the tests in drawing maps, and also the absence of specialized professors as in the Department of Geography (College of Education for Girls).

pemikiran filosof Ibnu Rusyd tentang eskatologi

The Day of Resurrection is one of the pillars of faith that is believed by the majority of Muslims. Ibn Rushd did the same, but he had the view that in the afterlife there would only be spiritual awakening. This is different from the thoughts of theologians who hold fast means lafzi from the verses of the Qur'an and Sunnah which states that the resurrection in the hereafter will be both physical and spiritual. From the philosophers' thoughts arise various understandings of opinion in discussing the day of human resurrection in the afterlife. This type of research is the library (library research) while there are two sources of research data, namely primary data sources and secondary data sources. Primary data sources were taken from Ibn Rushd's book, namely: Tahâfut At-Tahâfut, secondary data sources were taken from books, research reports, papers, scientific journals related to this research. The results of this study, according to Ibnu Rusyd, eschatology is the science of the resurrection in the afterlife. Ibn Rushd's argument about the resurrection in the afterlife is spiritual or spiritual. So what will be resurrected is the soul, while the body that has disappeared will not be resurrected because the soul (soul) is eternal and eternal. The form of resurrection in the afterlife is a spiritual form, not physical or corpse, because the one who will receive merit and punishment is spiritual.

Tragedi Intelektualualitas Islam Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Politik-Keagamaan ( Diskusi Kasus Nakbah Ibnu Rusyd dan Pembunuhan Faraq Fouda)

The differences that occur sometimes often lead to violence and even end in murder. Islam as a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin highly upholds human values, tolerance, and differences. Therefore, Muslims should understand them as fundamental religious values contained in the Qur'an and Sunnah, in order to form a good and peaceful life order. The method used in this research is descriptive-explorative. This research is a library research (Library Research), while the data collection method in this research is by classifying the data related to the research focus, then analyzing it. The findings in this study are that although Islam is a religion that is rahmatan lil 'alamin, in reality it has not been fully realized because throughout its history of development there are still various tragedies and conflicts in Islam. One of them is intellectual tragedy. This tragedy is not due to religious factors, but from the way Muslims are still unable to understand religion properly so that from this lack of understanding emerges intolerant traits and even these traits sometimes lead to murder. One of the tragedies contained in Islam is the intellectual tragedy of the Nakba Ibn Rushd and the tragedy of the murder of Faraq Fouda.

Ibn-Rushd (Averroes). The Incoherence of the Incoherence. Part Four

This series of publications is a translation of selected sections from the book “The Incoherence of the Incoherence” (Tahafut at-Tahafut) by a peripatetic philosopher Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 1198), written in response to the book by asharite mutakallim al-Ghazali (d. 1111) “The Incoherence of the Philosophers” (Tahafut al-Falasifa).In this part Ibn Rushd completes the analysis of al-Ghazali’s criticism of the philosophical proofs for the eternity of the world. Here are the answers to the last part of Ghazalian objections to the second proof (“from the eternity of time”), as well as to the objections to the third (“from the eternity of possibility”) and the fourth (“from the eternity of matter”).

Treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts A field study for inmates in the Rusafa second parking lot and Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital

The study aimed to identify the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts for a sample of inmates in the Al-Rusafa second parking lot and in Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital, in order to identify the causes of addiction and the rehabilitation programs provided to drug users. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approach by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 60 Addict The results showed that the most popular groups for addiction are young people, and crystal is the most popular drug among them, and among the most important factors driving their addiction are bad friends and unemployment as well as leisure time, and the results showed that there are differences between age and the desire of addicts to take treatment Also, the company of friends restricts the addict and hinders him from applying for treatment, and the results show that the demand for drug treatment decreases the lower the educational level. Key words: drugs, addiction, rehabilitation, treatment of addicts