Anabaptist Sixteenth-Century Baptism as Exponent of Christian Spirituality in a Time of Cultural, Social, and Political Breaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Olof H. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
European History ◽  
Christian Spirituality ◽  
Infant Baptism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Religious Representative

The Reformation was the religious representative of an encompassing breach in European history. In this transition Anabaptism combats infant baptism as being a symbol of the social-religious unity of the corpus christianum that was passing by. Hence it introduces believer’s baptism as being a major symbol of a new epoch, of which persecution by church and state was the sad and existential consequence. Baptism of itself pertains to a sacrament of transition from old to new, achieved by the death and resurrection of Jesus.

Broken Promises and the Rise of a Stereotype

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Political History ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Balance Of Trade

Projects began to emerge during the sixteenth century en masse by promising to relieve the poor, improve the balance of trade, raise money for the Crown, and thereby push England’s imperial ambitions abroad. Yet such promises were often too good to be true. This chapter explores how the ‘reformation of abuses’—a fateful slogan associated with England’s break from Rome—came to be used widely in economic contexts, and undermined promised public service under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts. The negative image of the projector soon emerged in response, reaching both upper and lower echelons of society. The chapter reconstructs the social circulation of distrust under Charles, and considers its repercussions. To do this it brings conceptual tools developed in social psychology and sociology to bear upon sources conventionally studied in literary and political history.

ECCLESIASTICAL IMPROVEMENTS, LAY IMPROPRIATIONS, AND THE BUILDING OF A POST-REFORMATION CHURCH IN ENGLAND, 1560–1600

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCY M. KAUFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Church

ABSTRACTOne of the more difficult practical questions raised by the English Reformation was just how to support its clergy and its fabric. Despite extensive resistance from the godly members of church and state, the Elizabethan church maintained the pre-Reformation system of impropriations, lay ownership of ecclesiastical tithes. This article examines the historical, practical, and ideological stakes of these everyday economics in the late sixteenth century. It argues that the majority of impropriators were responsive to the needs of the church, sustaining rather than undermining the nascent English church. In the space opened up by the Reformation's rents in the social and physical fabric of the parish, new bonds between church, state, and society were knit. This process of building the post-Reformation church thus tied the laity closer to the interests and activities of the church in England.

Hurrell Froude and the Reformers

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Church Of Christ ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
William Cobbett ◽  
The Church

‘No portion of our annals’, Macaulay wrote in 1828, ‘has been more perplexed and misrepresented by writers of different parties than the history of the Reformation’. In the early years of the nineteenth century, when polemicists turned to history more often than to philosophy or theology, the Reformation was the subject most littered with the pamphlets of partisan debate. Macaulay could have cited numerous examples. Joseph Milner's popular History of the Church of Christ (1794–1809) set the Reformation in sharp contrast to the ‘Dark Ages’ when only occasional gleams of evangelical light could be detected, thus providing the Evangelical party with a historic lineage; Robert Sou they, in his Book of the Church (1824), presented a lightly-veiled argument for the retention of the existing order of Church and State as established in the sixteenth century; and in 1824 William Cobbett began the first of his sixteen weekly instalments on a history of the Protestant Reformation in England and Ireland, in order to call attention to the plight of labourers in the British Isles. In the history of the Reformation, duly manipulated (‘rightly interpreted’), men found precedents for their own positions and refutation of their opponents' arguments.

scholarly journals Patronage, Performativity, and Ideas of Corpus Christi

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Pamela M. King
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
University Colleges ◽  
Royal Supremacy ◽  
The Way

This chapter details relations between Church and state in Richard Fox’s age. The break with Rome, the royal supremacy, and the dissolution of the monasteries irreversibly altered the way in which the early Tudor polity would be conceived. Already in the sixteenth century, accounts of this period were informed by the Reformation. Incidents such as Bishop Fox’s change of plan at Oxford—transforming a primarily monastic ‘Winchester College‘ into the secular Corpus Christi College—became overlaid with foreshadowed significance. Ultimately, Fox’s was the last great age of bishops founding university colleges, since the requisite mix of authority and wealth seldom coalesced so favourably thereafter and certainly could not during the assault on episcopal incomes later in the sixteenth century. Clerical dominance in Church and state made Corpus.

Some Comments on Later Casuistry and ‘Jesuitical’ Equivocation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Corran
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Moral Theology ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Reformation

This chapter discusses early modern controversies about equivocation and mental reservation in the light of medieval intellectual history. Sixteenth-century polemics on equivocation are best explained in terms of the social and intellectual developments of that period, rather than anything inherent to the medieval discussion. The Reformation, the wars of religion in the sixteenth century, the persecution of religious minorities created an urgent new need for casuistry among Catholics who found themselves endangered. In addition the Second Scholasticism sought to make pastoral teaching relevant to political leaders of their period. Nevertheless, the combination of a stable framework of casuistical questions and changing content of moral theology that emerged in the later Middle Ages is crucial for understanding its subsequent history. The framework of ideas that were established during the medieval period was a crucial limiting factor to the later quarrels about justified equivocation.

Liturgical Developments in Sweden and Finland in the Era of Lutheran Orthodoxy (1593–1700)

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toivo Harjunpaa
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Religious Symbol ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reformation Movement ◽  
Final Settlement ◽  
Lutheran Orthodoxy ◽  
The Church

Liturgical questions have never aroused wider public interest and more intense emotions in the history of Sweden and Finland than they did during the last quarter of the sixteenth century. The Reformation movement was fully seventy years old in Sweden before that nation became definitely and officially committed to the Confessional Standard of Lutheranism. The Augsburg Confession was accepted by the Church and State in Sweden and Finland in 1593 as a binding religious symbol. The developments which led to this final settlement in Sweden need a brief presentation since they are in many ways related to liturgical matters.

Reformed Theology in the Context of the Reformation(s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Carl Trueman
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Lord's Supper ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Regulative Principle

Reformed theology developed in the Reformation as both a positive appropriation of, and reaction to, Lutheranism. In its soteriology it was close to that of Martin Luther, but in its understanding of the Lord’s Supper it rejected the objective presence of Christ in the elements. As the sixteenth century wore on, Reformed theologians addressed issues of worship, where the development of the Regulative Principle was central. Also, Reformed theologians of the Bucer–Calvin trajectory went further than the Lutherans in pressing for a clearer demarcation between church and state on ecclesiastical matters, even though they were not able to achieve their ideal. As the century drew to a close, the rise of movements within the Reformed camp, particularly that of the Arminians, set the scene for increasingly rarefied and divisive debates over the basic elements of the Reformed understanding of grace.

scholarly journals An English Bishop Afloat in an Irish See: John Bale, Bishop of Ossory, 1552–3

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Stephen Tong
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
John Bale ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
Ecclesiastical Reform ◽  
Political Dominance ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Relationship

The Reformation in Ireland has traditionally been seen as an unmitigated failure. This article contributes to current scholarship that is challenging this perception by conceiving the sixteenth-century Irish Church as part of the English Church. It does so by examining the episcopal career of John Bale, bishop of Ossory, County Kilkenny, 1552–3. Bale wrote an account of his Irish experience, known as theVocacyon, soon after fleeing his diocese upon the accession of Queen Mary to the English throne and the subsequent restoration of Roman Catholicism. The article considers Bale's episcopal career as an expression of the relationship between Church and state in mid-Tudor England and Ireland. It will be shown that ecclesiastical reform in Ireland was complemented by political subjugation, and vice versa. Having been appointed by Edward VI, Bale upheld the royal supremacy as justification for implementing ecclesiastical reform. The combination of preaching the gospel and enforcing the 1552 Prayer Book was, for Bale, the best method of evangelism. The double effect was to win converts and align the Irish Church with the English form of worship. Hence English reformers exploited the political dominance of England to export their evangelical faith into Ireland.

‘The healthe of my soule’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Royal Supremacy ◽  
The Church

Throughout the sixteenth century and beyond, the Howards are usually described as religiously ‘conservative’, resisting the reformist impulse of the Reformation while conforming to the royal supremacy over the Church. The women of the family have played little part in this characterization, yet they too lived through the earliest stages of the Reformation. This chapter shows that what we see is not a family following the lead of its patriarch in religious matters at this early stage of the Reformation, but that this did not stop them maintaining strong kinship relations across the shifting religious spectrum.

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