scholarly journals Tooth wear in captive rhinoceroses (Diceros, Rhinoceros, Ceratotherium: Perissodactyla) differs from that of free-ranging conspecifics

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-S1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Taylor ◽  
Dennis W.H. Müller ◽  
Christoph Schwitzer ◽  
Thomas M. Kaiser ◽  
Daryl Codron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Posterior Cusp ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Free Ranging

Tooth wear can affect body condition, reproductive success and life expectancy. Poor dental health is frequently reported in the zoo literature, and abrasion-dominated tooth wear, which is typical for grazers, has been reported in captive browsing ruminants. The aim of this study was to test if a similar effect is evident in captive rhinoceros species. Dental casts of maxillary cheek teeth of museum specimens of captive black (Diceros bicornis; browser), greater one-horned (Rhinoceros unicornis; intermediate feeder) and white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum; grazer) were analysed using the recently developed extended mesowear method for rhinoceroses. Captive D. bicornis exhibited significantly more abrasion-dominated tooth wear than their free-ranging conspecifics (p<0.001), whereas captive C. simum exhibited significantly less abrasion-dominated tooth wear, particularly in the posterior cusp of the second molar (p=0.005). In R. unicornis, fewer differences were exhibited between free-ranging and captive animals, but tooth wear was highly variable in this species. In both free-ranging and captive D. bicornis, anterior cusps were significantly more abrasiondominated than posterior cusps (p<0.05), which indicates morphological differences between cusps that may represent functional adaptations. By contrast, tooth wear gradients between free-ranging and captive animals differed, which indicates ingesta- specific influences responsible for inter-tooth wear differences. Captive D. bicornis exhibited more homogenous tooth wear than their free-ranging conspecifics, which may be caused by an increase in the absolute dietary abrasiveness and a decrease in relative environmental abrasiveness compared to their freeranging conspecifics. The opposite occurred in C. simum. The results of this study suggest that diets fed to captive browsers are too abrasive, which could result in the premature loss of tooth functionality, leading to reduced food acquisition and processing ability and, consequently, malnourishment.

scholarly journals Experiences of Being a Parent to a Child with Amelogenesis Imperfecta

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Pousette Lundgren ◽  
Tove Hasselblad ◽  
Anna Johansson ◽  
Anna Johansson ◽  
Göran Dahllöf
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Family Routines ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
The Impact

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary developmental disorder affecting the enamel of teeth. Affected patients present with tooth hypersensitivity, rapid tooth wear, or fractures of enamel as well as alterations in color and shape, all of which compromise esthetic appearance and masticatory function. Chronic conditions in childhood severely impact the whole family, affecting normal family routines and/or increasing the family’s financial burden. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and the impact on daily life of being a parent to a child with severe forms of amelogenesis imperfecta. Parents of children and adolescents with AI participated in an interview with a psychologist. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The parents talked about several concerns about having a child with AI. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: Feelings associated with passing on a hereditary disorder, knowledge decreases stress, unfamiliarity with the diagnosis, and psychosocial stress. In these main categories we identified several subthemes. Feelings associated with passing on a hereditary disorder included the subtheme of guilt/shame; knowledge decreases stress included knowledge about diagnosis in the family and support from dental health care professionals; Unfamiliarity with diagnosis included missed diagnosis, fear of not getting correct treatment, and insufficient pain control; finally, the subtheme Psychosocial stress included fear of child being bullied and emergency dental visits. The findings show that parents of children with severe amelogenesis imperfecta report similar experiences as do parents of children with other chronic and rare diseases.

219 MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EPIDIDYMAL AND EJACULATED SPERMATOZOA FROM BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garcia-Macias ◽  
F. Martinez-Pastor ◽  
M. Alvarez ◽  
P. Paz ◽  
S. Borragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Blue Component ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Free Ranging

Sperm morphology is an useful characteristic for estimating potential fertility. Currently, we are obtaining baseline information on various aspects of reproduction in the brown bear (Ursus arctos) with the intention of using the knowledge to establish a germplasm bank for the species. In the present report, we describe the results obtained using assisted sperm morphology analysis (ASMA, Sperm Class Analyzer®; Microptic S.L, Barcelona, Spain) to analyze the morphological differences in epidydimal (caput, corpus, and cauda) and ejaculated brown bear spermatozoa. A post-mortem epididymal sperm sample was obtained from an adult brown bear after accidental death. The epididymides were excised, washed, and dissected into the three major segments; caput, corpus and cauda. Then multiple incisions were made in the tissue to allow migration of spermatozoa into the surrounding medium. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from five adult brown bears living in a semi-free ranging environment in the Cabarceno Park (Cantabria, Spain). Anesthesia was induced using tiletamine + zolazepan (Zoletil 100®; Virbac, Carras, France; 7 mg/kg), and ketamine (Imalgene 1000®; Rhone Merieux, Lyon, France; 2 mg/kg). The electroejaculation unit (PT Electronics®; Boring, Oregon) was connected to a 3-lateral electrode transrectal probe (26 mm in diameter, 320 mm in length). Ejaculation occurred at 6–10 V/250–300 mA. For head morphometry assessment, sperm samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and slides were smeared and air-dried for 2 h. The samples were then stained with Diff-Quik® staining (37°C; 10 min in the red component and 15 min in the blue component). The area, perimeter, length and width, and ellipticity (length/width) of heads were measured from at least 100 spermatozoa/slide. As shown in Table 1, values obtained for each measure were similar in both epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. These results provide normal morphometry values for brown bear spermatozoa, a potentially useful characteristic for predicting fertility. Table 1. Head morphometry for epididymis and ejaculated bear sperm (mean ± SD) This work was supported in part by CANTUR S.A. and CICYT (CGL 2004–0278/BOS).

scholarly journals Tooth wear in captive wild ruminant species differs from that of free-ranging conspecifics

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Kaiser ◽  
Juliane Brasch ◽  
Johanna C. Castell ◽  
Ellen Schulz ◽  
Marcus Clauss
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Free Ranging

The association of tooth wear with sociality of free-ranging male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss)

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Logan ◽  
Gordon D. Sanson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Free Ranging

The sociality (as measured by the degree of bellowing and amount of tree use) of five adult male koalas and one sub-adult male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), with varying degrees of tooth wear, were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Initial increases in tooth wear that coincide with an increase in age to maturity were associated with an increase in reproductive effort. Advanced tooth wear was found to be associated with a decrease in reproductive effort. This trend in reproductive effort is consistent with life-history predictions, and suggests that tooth wear has the potential to impose limitations on the reproductive longevity and fecundity of free-ranging male koalas.

Loss of tooth-supporting bone in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) with age

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth F. Lee ◽  
Srinivas Varanasi ◽  
Lyndall M. Pettett ◽  
Philip S. Bird ◽  
Anne L. Symons
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Severe Bone Loss ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Bone Height

This study investigated changes in alveolar bone height in free-ranging koalas of different age groups. Twenty-seven free-ranging Queensland koalas (15 female, 12 male), admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital, Brisbane, were used in this study. Koalas were divided into three groups (young, adult, old) on the basis of tooth wear, each group containing nine animals. Defleshed jaws were examined for the presence of alveolar bone defects. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction and the interproximal crestal alveolar bone height was measured on the buccal aspects of the second and third molars. Jaws were photographed and radiographed. Bone defects (dehiscences and fenestrations) were observed in both jaws and were predominantly located on the buccal aspect of the alveolar process. The loss of height of crestal alveolar bone, relative to the cemento-enamel junction, increased with age, with 25 koalas showing moderate to severe bone loss and only two koalas having none/mild loss levels at all measurement sites. Female koalas had higher frequency of ‘none/mild’ cases of bone loss than did males. There was no variation in levels of alveolar bone loss between the upper and lower jaws or the corresponding right and left arches.

The effects of lactation on the feeding behaviour and activity patterns of free-ranging female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss)

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Logan ◽  
G. D. Sanson
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Time Spent Feeding ◽  
Free Ranging

The free-ranging feeding behaviour and activity patterns of three lactating and two non-lactating female koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were investigated using acoustically sensitive radio-telemetry. Lactating females were found to consume more leaf material, masticate more per leaf and at a greater rate, and perform more ingestive and mercyism mastications per 24 h than non-lactating females. Results suggest than female koalas are 'income breeders' that compensate for the higher energetic demands of lactation by increasing intake and, to a lesser degree, investing more in each mouthful so as to produce a shift in digesta particle size distribution in favour of more finer particles. Compared with non-lactating females, lactating female koalas were also found to spend more time moving within trees, feeding per 24 h and per bout, and less time resting and sleeping per 24 h, although the proportion of active time spent feeding was similar (~80%). This implies that female koalas adopt a 'time minimizing strategy whereby activity budgets respond to current requirements. Lactation-compensation mechanisms are compared with those reported for koalas with high tooth wear, and the capacity of aging female koalas to compensate for lactation are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Breastfeeding Duration on the Development of Normal Occlusal Features of the Primary Dentition among Baghdad Preschool Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Munad J AL_Duliamy
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Background: Normal occlusal features of primary dentition are crucial for normal development of the permanent dentition. Breastfeeding is an important factor for both general and dental health of children. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the breastfeeding duration on the prevalence of normal occlusal features of the primary dentition among preschool children in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: The sample was 630 Iraqi children (270- boys, 360 girls), aged 3-5 years selected from four kindergartens in Baghdad city. The study was carried out through questionnaire and clinical examination. Normal occlusal features were examined as the presence or absence of interincisive spaces (IS) and primate spaces (PS), terminal relationship of the primary second molar that classified as: Flush terminal (FT), mesial step (MS) and distal step (DS). The presence or absence of ideal incisor overbite was also recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Chi square and z test were used in data analysis. Result:s A significant relation was present between the duration of breastfeeding and the presence of: primate and interincisive spaces, flush terminal plane, mesial terminal plane and ideal incisor overbite. Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has a positive impact on the development of normal occlusal features of the primary dentition. Efforts should be taken to enhance the knowledge of the community, especially the mothers, about this impact to encourage them to practice exclusive breastfeeding for more than 12 months.

scholarly journals Assessment of dental anodontia among Ferdinand I Military Technical Academy students in Romania

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-60
Author(s):  
Ancuța Dan ◽  
Doina Ghergic
Keyword(s):  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Military Students ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Oral Health Indicators ◽  
Dental Health Status ◽  
The Military

Background / Aim. Data regarding tooth absence among Romania military personnel are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies among military students at a military technical academy in Bucharest, Romania. Methods. A cohort of 318 military students enrolled the study. Each participant underwent an extensive evaluation of their oro-dental health status based on guidelines of the EGOHID II (European Global Oral Health Indicators Development II Project). Results. Anodontia was discovered in 6/318 participants (prevalence rate, 1.9%), namely 4 women (prevalence among women, 4.6%) and 2 men (prevalence among men, 0.87%). Five of the six patients were previously undiagnosed. The most commonly affected teeth were second premolars (n = 8), followed by first premolars (n = 4) and second permanent molars (n = 2). Premolar anodontia was equally common in the maxilla and the mandible; both instances of molar anodontia were in the mandible. None of the participants with anodontia had remaining temporary teeth. A brief overview of the case of two of the presently diagnosed patients, who presented with inferior bilateral second molar anodontia and quadruple canine inclusion and a quadruple second premolar anodontia, is included. Conclusion. Military students in Romania would benefit from systematic dental evaluation and long-term monitoring prior to the enrollment the Military Academy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document