1918-1920

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe article is focused on the bureaucracy of generals A. Denikin's and P. Vrangel's military dictatorships during the Russian Civil War (1918–1920). For the first time in Russian historiography it contains analysis of the economic, political and moral factors, which influenced the bureaucracy, its social structure and living conditions, red tape and corruption as the main features of the military dictatorships' governing bodies and the main reasons for their poor performance.

scholarly journals “GENERALS DON’T CRY...”: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE DEFEAT OF THE WHITE MOVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-833
Author(s):  
Gayane Nikolayevna Edigarova ◽  
Marina Vadimovna Krat ◽  
Natalia Victorovna Doronina ◽  
Nadezhda Sergeevna Sibirko ◽  
Yuliana Anatoliyevna Chernousova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Main Message ◽  
The Military ◽  
Significant Attention

Purpose of study: The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the military-strategic, ideological and theoretical, foreign policy and socioeconomic reasons for the defeat of the White movement. Methodology: The methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity with the involvement of archival material, documentary sources, memoirs and biographical literature. Result:  The main message of the article is to show the lack of unanimity and coordination in the actions of the internal and external forces of counter-revolution during the Russian Civil War. Significant attention is paid to the characterization and estimation of the military and ideological leaders of the counter-revolution, such as A.I. Denikin, P.N. Wrangel, I.P. Romanovsky and G.V. Florovsky, V.V. Shulgin. Originality/Novelty: The authors conclude by defining the main peculiarities of the historical development of Russia which contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War and led to the complete failure of the White Guard.

The documentation system of anti-Bolshevist government’s military departments during the Russian Civil War

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Р. Париева
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Clerical Work ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military

Статья посвящена вопросам документирования деятельности органов военного управления антибольшевистских правительств и системе военной документации, сложившейся в период Гражданской войны в России. На основании изучения нормативных документов дореволюционной России, регламентировавших ведение письмоводства и делопроизводства в царской армии, и архивных документов, находящихся на хранении в Российском государственном военном архиве, автором сделаны выводы о попытке сохранения имперских традиций в этой области, точном соблюдении установленных правил составления и оформления служебных документов, относящихся к системе военной документации в Белой армии. Система военной документации в статье разделена на группы: организационные документы, распорядительные, служебная переписка, документы оперативного характера. Особое внимание уделено видам документов, их функциям, стилистике написания текстов документов. Приведены примеры различных видов документов, относящихся к системе военной документации и использовавшихся в период Гражданской войны в России. This article is devoted to the issues of documenting the operations of military authorities of anti-Bolshevik governments and the system of military documentation that developed during the Russian Civil War. The author studied pre-revolutionary Russian documents that regulated clerical work in the Tsar's army, and archival documents stored in the Russian State Military Archive. Based on those documents, the author draws conclusions about attempts to preserve Imperial traditions in that area, as well as strict adherence to existing rules for drafting and formalising official documentation related to the White Army. The article divides the military documentation system into several groups: organisational documents, executive documents, official correspondence, operational documents. The author focuses on the types of documents, their functions and the language used. The article provides examples of different types of documents related to the military documentation system and used during the Russian Civil War.

THE MILITARY-POLITICAL UNION OF SOVIET REPUBLICS DURING THE PERIOD OF CIVIL WAR AND FOREIGN INTERVENTION (SUMMERS 1918- 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.О. Abdikhalyk ◽  
◽  
M.S. Kassymov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Political Union ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The history of the USSR is full of numerous events. This state lasted for more than half a century. Numerous events occurred during this period. The USSR was founded on territory that had previously included a large number of peoples. They represented the outskirts of the former Russian Empire. For the first time since the revolution, the union of the peoples of the Soviet republics was formed in the difficult years of civil war and foreign military intervention. The establishment of Soviet power in the territory of the former Tsar 's colonies (Belarus, Transcaucasia, Ukraine, Central Asia, etc.) experienced enormous difficulties. The most important milestones of the formation of the military-political union of the brotherly republics are considered in this article

scholarly journals AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL WRITING OF L. D. TROTSKY DURING THE CIVIL WAR: POLITICS AND STYLISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Reznik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Leon Trotsky ◽  
The Military

Leon Trotsky was not only an outstanding writer and speaker amongst Marxist politicians of his time, but he also could be named as one of the most well-known (auto)biographer. It was not only politics, that differed him from other high-ranking Bolsheviks, but it was a culture as well. Many of Trotsky’s rivals accused Trotsky of being extreme individualistic, alien to collectivist ideology. However, if to consider Trotsky’s biographical narratives in complex, the individualism was somewhat correct characteristic, as Trotsky indeed pointed the role of real persons, including of his own, in the history. Until recently, scholarly treatments of this issue have largely taken on Trotsky’s autobiography titled “My life: An Attempt at an Autobiography” (1929), yet this celebrated book had a certain background. The aim of article is to re-examine Trotsky’s literary and political activity in the context of his (auto)biographical texts, taking the period of the Russian Civil War as a case-study. The balance of pragmatics and poetics in his texts was reflected by Trotsky himself during the early period of the Civil War, when he publicly emphasized that he did not like the “military style”, but “got used to using the style of a publicist in life and literature”. Trotsky’s subsequent activities demonstrated that the balance between the dynamics of these two styles was determined not only by politics, but also by the author’s deeply rooted ideas about the place of his own “self” in writing.

scholarly journals Partisan Movement in Kuzbass during the Civil War of 1917-1919

2020 ◽  
pp. 423-438
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Uskov ◽  
A. E. Pyanov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Media ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the characterization and dynamics of the development of the partisan movement during the Civil War in the territory of modern Kemerovo Region in 1918-1919. The issues of the activity of individual partisan detachments in the territory of Kuzbass are considered. Attention is paid to the specifics of the partisan movement in this territory. Based on the analysis of archival data and local media materials, the military operations of partisan detachments are described. The question is raised of the partisan movement role in the victory of the Reds. The novelty of the study is in the fact that for the first time on the basis of processing a wide range of sources the state and dynamics of the partisan movement in Kuzbass during the years of the Civil War are presented. The features of the partisan movement in the region are demonstrated. The reasons for the entry of peasants into the ranks of partisans are revealed. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific and social significance. The first is determined by the fact that this kind of research, based on an analysis of a wide range of sources, is considered for the first time. The second is related to the need to rethink the features of the course of the civil war in the regions of the country and to attract the attention of scientists and society to the problems of a split in society during the crisis years.

The Russian Civil War: History and Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Goldin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

This paper covers the results of the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Allied Intervention and the Civil War in the Russian North: Key Problems, Historical Memory and Lessons of History” that was held in Arkhangelsk in September 10–11, 2020. Scholars from 14 regions of Russia as well as from Ukraine and Norway took part. The participants discussed important problems of the War’s origins and reasons, contemporary conceptualization, results and consequences, historical lessons and memory about the war, as well as the role of Allied Intervention in Russia and the Russian North. In addition, the questions of dialectic of Allied Intervention and the Civil War in Russia and the Russian North were considered, as well as the War’s international, national, regional and local dimensions, its military, political, economic, social, and cultural processes, and the issue of humans in the war. The participants attended the opening of the Yuryev Military Line memorial in the military-historical park located at the battlefield of 1918–1919 along Arkhangelsk–Moscow railroad.

The Great War, the Russian Civil War, and the Invention of Big Science

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei Kojevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Big Science ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War

ArgumentThe revolutionary transformation in Russian science toward the Soviet model of research started even before the revolution of 1917. It was triggered by the crisis of World War I, in response to which Russian academics proposed radical changes in the goals and infrastructure of the country’s scientific effort. Their drafts envisioned the recognition of science as a profession separate from teaching, the creation of research institutes, and the turn toward practical, applied research linked to the military and industrial needs of the nation. The political revolution and especially the Bolshevik government that shared or appropriated many of the same views on science, helped these reforms materialize during the subsequent Civil War. By 1921, the foundation of a novel system of research and development became established, which in its most essential characteristics was similar to the U.S. later phenomenon known as “big science.”

Through the prism of Spain. Socio-economic causes of different outcomes of Russian and Spanish civil wars

2017 ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
I. Rozinskiy ◽  
N. Rozinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article examines the socio-economic causes of the outcome of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1936), which, as opposed to the Russian Civil War, resulted in the victory of the “Whites”. Choice of Spain as the object of comparison with Russia is justified not only by similarity of civil wars occurred in the two countries in the XX century, but also by a large number of common features in their history. Based on statistical data on the changes in economic well-being of different strata of Spanish population during several decades before the civil war, the authors formulate the hypothesis according to which the increase of real incomes of Spaniards engaged in agriculture is “responsible” for their conservative political sympathies. As a result, contrary to the situation in Russia, where the peasantry did not support the Whites, in Spain the peasants’ position predetermined the outcome of the confrontation resulting in the victory of the Spanish analogue of the Whites. According to the authors, the possibility of stable increase of Spanish peasants’ incomes was caused by the nation’s non-involvement in World War I and also by more limited, compared to Russia and some other countries, spending on creation of heavy (primarily military-related) industry in Spain.

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