Rolling Thunder and Linebacker Campaigns: The North Vietnamese View

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-230
Author(s):  
Merle L. Pribbenow
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Desert Storm ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Iraqi Freedom

AbstractNorth Vietnam has the dubious distinction of having more combat experience against U.S. air power than any other nation in the world. Rolling Thunder, the first U.S. bombing campaign against North Vietnam (1965–68), lasted longer than U.S. air operations in Europe during World War II. When one adds the 1972 Linebacker air campaign against North Vietnam and the almost nine-year bombing campaign against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos, only Iraq, with the air campaigns of Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom book-ending a twelve-year (1991–2003), low-intensity confrontation against U.S. aircraft over the no fly zones, faced U.S. air attacks longer. The air battles over Iraq, however, cannot be compared with the battles fought in the skies over North Vietnam. During the course of the war, more than 1,100 U.S. fixed wing aircraft were lost in combat operations.

The World within War: America's Combat Experience in World War II

1999 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Michael C. C. Adams ◽  
Gerald F. Linderman ◽  
Peter Schrijvers
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The 2nd Guards Tank Army in the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
V. O. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
German Capital ◽  
The World

One of the greatest battles of the Great Patriotic and also the World War II took place on the outskirts of the capital of Nazi Germany on April 16, 1945. Three magor fronts - 1st Belorussian, 2nd Byelorussian, 1st Ukrainian - and four tank armies were involved. They were not used as highly mobile groups to enter Berlin from the north and north-west, they were sent first to break powerful enemy defenses, and then to wage battles on the streets. The Supreme Command and the commanders of the 1st Byelorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts understood the inevitability of heavy losses in tanks and troops, but deliberately took this step. The aim was not only a speedy capture of the German capital and the end of the war, but also to be ahead of allies on their way to Berlin. The article deals with the planning and preparation for the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation, the use of 2nd Guards Tank Army, who played along with other tank divisions a magor role in the success of this operation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Italy: Remedies to Reduce the Infections and Deaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Haradhan Kumar Mohajan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World War ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich

COVID-19 is a novel (new) coronavirus fatal disease caused by SARS-COV-2 (2019-nCoV). The outbreak of this pandemic first has been identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 1 December 2019, and has spread worldwide very quickly. It is now a major global health threat. After the World War II, the world faces such a major challenge in health sector and economy. The virus is transmitted human-to-human through the respiratory system. From the poor to the rich, infants to old, every people are infected from this virus. The disease spreads in Italy very fast and the north of the country is mostly affected. Lombardy Region is the most infected region in the country. An attempt has been made here to discuss the aspects of infection and deaths due to COVID-19 in Italy.  

Some Thoughts on Civilian Casualties

Worldview ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Jack Walker
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
North Vietnam

The Government's general reactions to the now renowned Harrison Salisbury articles on civilian casualties in North Vietnam were, first, anger that Salisbury had exaggerated the scope of the problem by depending upon the Communists for statistical data; second, an admission that there had indeed been civilian casualities in the North because it is difficult to bomb anywhere without involving some civilians; third, an emphatic declaration of intent to restrict the bombing to purely military targets. I want to argue here that this declaration was unwise, if well intentioned, for at least two reasons. It implied, first of all, that the entire conduct of World War II, both on land and in the air, was invalid - not merely the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Second, by attempting to draw the old and stark distinction between combatants and non-combatants, it obscured the nature of the problem. I want to mention a few aspects of that problem here. Jack Walker, who has seen extensive military service, recently contributed a series of articles on the "Nuclear Obsession" to worldview.

scholarly journals Afrikaanse oorlogspoësie na Sestig

Literator ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
F. I.J. Van Rensburg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moral Stance

The period after World War II was characterised by regional wars in various parts of the world. During this time South Africa experienced its own regional war: the onslaught on the apartheid system, and the defence against it. Following a phase of internal strife of relatively low intensity, a hot war developed on both sides of the northern and eastern borders of the country with the Angolan war as the major flashpoint. The latter war exerted a marked influence on the local scene, where a civil war of low intensity developed. This article and its sequel record the ways in which Afrikaans poetry reacted to this many-faceted war. Facets highlighted are the way in which the military aspects of the war is portrayed, the manifestations of the struggle on the local scene, especially in the townships, the impact of the war on the spirit of the soldier and the civilian, and the moral stance adopted by poets towards the war. In conclusion, the characteristics of the war poem of this period are compared with those of the period preceding it. In this article the attention is focused on the war outside and within the borders of the country.

“From Boots on ‘til Boots Off”: Collecting Greenland with Explorer Louise Arner Boyd (1887-1972)

Collections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-496
Author(s):  
Joanna Kafarowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
World War ◽  
American Government ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

A notable 20th-century female explorer, California-born Louise Arner Boyd (1887-1972) was also a world expert on Greenland. As it was in Boyd's time, Greenland remains a remote and little-known area of the world. She was showered with honors and respected by her polar colleagues. As a result of organizing and participating in seven hazardous Arctic expeditions between 1926 and 1955, she amassed a significant collection of maps, photographs, films, and books about this area. The majority of photographs and films were taken by Boyd, while many of the maps were based on information gathered during her Arctic adventures. Meticulous and detail oriented, Louise Arner Boyd was driven by her passion for the north. Boyd traveled to Greenland, photographing geographic landforms and gathering scientific information. Her expertise on Greenland was recognized by the American government during World War II and her collection put at the government's disposal. Contemporary Norwegian glaciologists still use her existing 1930s photographs to track environmental change. Today, the many accomplishments of Louise Arner Boyd have been forgotten, and her magnificent collection, which was an invaluable asset to the Allied effort during World War II, has been dispersed.

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