Workshops, Factories and Subcontractors in the Chinese Woolen Industry, 1880-1937

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Carles Brasó Broggi
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Carpet Industry ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Yangzi Delta

Abstract This article discusses China’s attempts to industrialize from the late nineteenth century until the Japanese occupation of 1937. It focuses on the woollen industry and uses data from industrial investigations, market information and company archives. Several attempts to build a woollen industry from the 1880s to the end of the First World War failed. However, in the 1920s and 1930s some private companies in Tianjin, Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta succeeded in managing profitable woollen workshops and mills. An export-based carpet industry was developed in Tianjin while a network of workshops and integrated mills flourished in Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta to supply woollen goods for civilian clothing in the Chinese urban markets. This article aims to contribute to the debate of China’s late industrialization by looking at the structure of the woollen industry and its alignment with actual consumer demands.

Parallel lives or interconnected histories? Anagarika Dharmapala and Muhammad Barkatullah's ‘world religioning’ in Japan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Samee Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Parallel Lives ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First World

Abstract This article compares the ideas, connections, and projects of two South Asian figures who are generally studied separately: the Indian pan-Islamist Muhammad Barkatullah (1864–1927) and the Sinhalese Buddhist reformer Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1934). In doing so, I argue that we can understand these two figures in a new light, by recognizing their mutual connections as well as the structural similarities in their thought. By focusing on their encounters and work in Japan, this article demonstrates how Japan—particularly after defeating Russia in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905—had become a significant site for inter-Asian conversations about world religions. Importantly, exploring the projects of Barkatullah and Dharmapala makes visible the fact that, from the late nineteenth century until the outbreak of the First World War, religion played a central role—alongside nationalism, race, and empire—in conversations about the possible futures of the international order.

The Nationalization of the Masses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Markwick ◽  
Nicholas Doumanis
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Masses ◽  
First World

Europe was a continent of nation states by the mid-twentieth century. But it was not always thus. The patchwork quilt of nation states and the nationalism that coloured them in were forged by massive social and political shifts that had been gathering momentum since the late nineteenth century. Viewing nations and nationalism as constructs of modern, global capitalism, often legitimated by national mythologies old and new, this chapter surveys the forces at work: from above and below, from centre and periphery. The First World War raised nationalism to white heat, and as multi-ethnic empires faltered, myriad subaltern nationalisms erupted, demanding ‘self-determination’, the watchword of the post-war peace settlements. But the war also unleashed internationalist class challenges to belligerent nationalism, culminating in the 1917 Russian Revolution. Thereafter, European nationalism assumed its most truculent guise: fascism and military dictatorships warring against class in the name of ethnic, national, and biological purity.

scholarly journals Sulle origini del corporativismo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Petri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First World

The purpose of the present chapter is to provide some hints to the history of the concept of ‘corporation’. It aims to illustrate the meaning of corpus in Roman law and the characteristics of medieval guilds, to examine the semantic constants of the concept and its variants up to, and in part beyond, the First World War. The chapter will briefly discuss the ideas of Bentham and Saint-Simon, Mill’s concept of ‘economic democracy’, the communitarian alternatives to late-nineteenth-century liberalism, and the early theories of management and the firm that developed partly in parallel with the rise of fascist policies in Europe and the Technocracy movement in America, which cannot be treated here.

Pacific advantage: Wooden shipbuilding in British Columbia, Washington State and Oregon during the First World War

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
Chris Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
First World War ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Washington State ◽  
World War ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This comparative overview assesses physical and cross-border factors behind wartime wooden shipbuilding in North America’s Pacific Northwest. Local resources, government procurement arrangements, private companies running shipyards, and types of workers building standard ships to a variety of designs are considered. Wooden shipbuilding, from a programme perspective, was soundly managed but delivered ships too late to have any real impact on the First World War.

scholarly journals ‘A model co-operative country’: Irish–Finnish contacts at the turn of the twentieth century

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (160) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hilson
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
First World War ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First World

AbstractAgricultural co-operative societies were widely discussed across late nineteenth-century Europe as a potential solution to the problems of agricultural depression, land reform and rural poverty. In Finland, the agronomist Hannes Gebhard drew inspiration from examples across Europe in founding the Pellervo Society, to promote rural cooperation, in 1899. He noted that Ireland’s ‘tragic history’, its struggle for national self-determination and the introduction of co-operative dairies to tackle rural poverty, seemed to offer a useful example for Finnish reformers. This article explores the exchanges between Irish and Finnish co-operators around the turn of the century, and examines the ways in which the parallels between the two countries were constructed and presented by those involved in these exchanges. I will also consider the reasons for the divergence in the development of cooperation, so that even before the First World War it was Finland, not Ireland, that had begun to be regarded as ‘a model co-operative country’.

On the Economic Consequences of the Peace: Trade and Borders After Versailles

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAUS WOLF ◽  
MAX-STEPHAN SCHULZE ◽  
HANS-CHRISTIAN HEINEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
First World War ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First World

The First World War radically altered the political landscape of Central Europe. The new borders after 1918 are typically viewed as detrimental to the region's economic integration and development. We argue that this view lacks historical perspective. It fails to take into account that the new borders followed a pattern of economic fragmentation that had emerged during the late nineteenth century. We estimate the effects of the new borders on trade and find that the “treatment effects” of these borders were quite limited. There is strong evidence that border changes occurred systematically along barriers which existed already before 1914.

scholarly journals Pyotr S. Makhrov. The Civil War in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 108-137
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Ganin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The material is a publication of an annotated excerpt from the memoirs of General Pyotr Semyonovich Makhrov about the events of the Civil War in Ukraine from the autumn of 1918 to the winter of 1919. The manuscript of Makhrov’s memoirs is kept in the Bakhmetev archive of Columbia University in the USA. This valuable testimony of an informed contemporary of crucial historical events is an important source on the history of the First World War, the Civil War in Russia and Ukraine, and Russian mili- tary emigration, and covers the period from the late nineteenth century to the fi rst half of the twentieth century. Makhrov was an offi cer of the Russian army, a graduate of the Nicholas General Staff Academy, a man of liberal views, and brilliantly wielded a pen. In 1918, Makhrov lived in Ukraine in Poltava and was an eyewitness to a series of sig- nifi cant events, including several changes of power. The memoir covers in detail the life of Ukraine under Hetman Pavlo P. Skoropadsky, the German occupation, the anti-Hetman uprising, the fall of the Hetmanate, the rampant ataman, and the establishment of the power of the Directory of Ukrainian People’s Republic in late 1918. The memoirs represent the view of a military man who was critical of the new Ukrainian state and was focused on the ideology of the White movement. Much attention is paid to the be- haviour of offi cers in the varied conditions of independent Ukraine and in its collapse.

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