scholarly journals Phylogenetic and areal models of Indo-European relatedness: The role of contact in reconstruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Drinka
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Linguistic Innovation ◽  
European Family

The Indo-European family has traditionally been viewed as a textbook example of genetically related languages, easily fit onto a family tree model. What is less often recognized, however, is that IE also provides considerable evidence for the operation of contact among these related languages, discernable in the layers of innovation that certain varieties share. In this paper, I claim that the family tree model as it is usually depicted, discretely divided and unaffected by external influence, may be a useful representation of language relatedness, but is inadequate as a model of change, especially in its inability to represent the crucial role of contact in linguistic innovation. The recognition of contact among Indo-European languages has implications not only for the geographical positioning of IE languages on the map of Eurasia, but also for general theoretical characterizations of change: the horizontal, areal nature of change implies a stratification of data, a layered distribution of archaic and innovative features, which can help us grasp where contact, and innovation, has or has not occurred.

The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definite Articles

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language

Seduction and Surprise

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Dina Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Situated Approach ◽  
The Way

The chapter explores the meaning of seduction from a situated approach to emotions by tracing the way surprise uncovers emotional traits that enable commitment. The adoption of a Situated Approach reveals how emotions are intrinsically tied to the situations from which they arise and the crucial role of surprise. The emotion of surprise is central for the value of experience because it amplifies other emotions as well as other traits, and details of the lived situations fixing the meaning of the lived experience. The examination of how various emotions belong to the family of surprise further explains the established differences between persuasion, manipulation and seduction. Ultimately the chapter shows that seduction asks for the recognition of various layers of emotional reality, and how they are made visible by the way in which seduction establishes commitments.

scholarly journals PERANAN PERNIKAHAN SATU ETNIS BAGI MASYARAKAT TIONGHOA

REPRESENTAMEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Hartono Patriantoro
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
The Family

The research aims to know (1) the role of marriage with the same ethnic for Chinese peopleand (2) the obstacles for different ethnic relations. The research used qualitative descriptivemethods. The research was conducted in Makassar city. Types and data sources usedprimary and secondary data.. There were 5 (five) informants as samples were interviewedand the results of these interviews were analyzed using several theories. The research resultindicate that (1) the same ethnic marriage for Chinese people have several role forexample, retaining custom, economy consideration of the candidate, culture and custom likediligent and work hard, considerations of business (developing business to be moreadvanced and big), heretics tradition, belief (religion). and past trauma for social friction.(2) Different ethnic relations caused pro and contra. The pro said different ethnic relationsdepend on each person who runs their relationship, agreement and approval from parentsor family also have influence to that relations. Besides, if the candidate comes fromdifferent ethnic it still can be tolerated as long as its person accept to follow the Chinesetradition. Another response also said that it is not a big deal if the candidate not come fromChinese ethnic because the family tree from grandfather and grandmother have mixed withanother ethnic.Keywords: Marriage, Ethnic, Chinese

scholarly journals Prenatal diagnosis of 2q13 duplications: The crucial role of the family survey in genetic counseling on novel copy number variations

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 103956
Author(s):  
Hela Bellil ◽  
Denise Molina-Gomes ◽  
Thibaud Quibel ◽  
Sophie Roy ◽  
Rodolphe Dard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
The Family

scholarly journals THE ARABIC ORIGINS OF ENGLISH AND EUROPEAN "PLACE NAMES": A CONSONANTAL RADICAL THEORY APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages

This paper examines the Arabic origins of some common place names in English, German, French, Latin, Greek, Russian, and Sanskrit from a consonantal radical or lexical root theory perspective. The data consists of the names of around 60 key cities like Birmingham, Brighton, Cambridge, Chester, Derby, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, London, Manchester, Oxford, Queensville, York, etc. The results clearly show that all such names have true Arabic cognates, with the same or similar forms and meanings whose different forms, however, are all found to be due to natural and plausible causes and different courses of linguistic change. Furthermore, they show that place names play an important role in both near and distant genetic relationships. As a consequence, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method and Family-Tree Model claims (e.g. Campbell 2013; Harper 2012-18),� that Arabic, English, and all Indo-European languages� belong to the same language, let alone the same family. Therefore, they prove the adequacy of the consonantal radical theory in relating English, German, French, Latin, and Greek to Arabic as their origin all because, unlike any other language in the group, it shares cognates with all of them in addition to its huge linguistic repertoire phonetically, phonologically, morphologically, syntactically, and semantically.Keywords: Place names, Arabic, English, German, French, Russian, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, historical linguistics, consonantal radical/lexical root theory

scholarly journals Variation in Onko Dialect of Yoruba

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Gbenga Fakuade ◽  
◽  
Lawal Tope Aminat ◽  
Adewale Rafiu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Theoretical Tool ◽  
The Family

This paper examined variation in Onko dialect using the family tree model and the corresponding comparative method as the theoretical tool. A wordlist of basic items and a designed frame technique were used to gather data for this study. The data were presented in tables and the analyses were done through descriptive statistics. The data were analyzed to determine variation at the phonological, syntactic and lexical levels. The study revealed differences between Standard Yoruba and Onko dialect as well as the variation therein. Two basic factors discovered to be responsible for variations in Onko are geography (distribution of Onko communities) and language contact. The paper established that Onko exhibits variations, which are however not significant enough to disrupt mutual intelligibility among the speakers, and thus all the varieties remain a single dialect.

Slovakia Between Tradition and Modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Korovitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Slovak Society ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Family Behaviour

The author analyses the dynamics of main demographic shifts during the liberal modernisation in Slovakia as a result of generational effects. The author pays special attention to the family behaviour dimension and the crucial role of rural origins of population in the contemporary Slovak society. This society is characterised as an urban-rural type of society with dominant traditional features.

Family Culture, Renaissance Culture

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara B. Diefendorf
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behaviors

Born in 1960 with the publication of Philippe Ariès's L'enfant et la vie familiale, family history as we know it has been tremendously fertile. Although the succession is disputed, its progeny are legion. It is not my intention here to trace the complex genealogy of Ariès's descendants or to separate dutiful heirs from rebels who have renounced their patrimony. The family tree is too prolific, its internal divisions too complex. I hope rather to focus on two main themes in the history of the family, themes which seem to me particularly fruitful where our understanding of the Renaissance is concerned. The first theme involves the fundamental structures of family life— ties of kinship and patterns of residence. The second is marriage and the role of women in the family. In both cases, I am particularly interested in the cultural values represented by these structures and behaviors.

scholarly journals Context: The Role of Place and Heritage in Genealogy

Genealogy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Graeme Aplin
Keyword(s):  
Background Information ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
The People ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
The Family

Genealogical research often focuses to varying degrees on the family tree and the ancestors that inhabit it, often ignoring, or at least downplaying, broader issues. There is, however, much scope for broadening the research by adding leaves and flowers to the fruit (the people) on the tree. The broader context to a person’s ancestry is often intriguing and enlightening, providing background information that places the people in their environments, perhaps explaining their actions and lifestyles in the process. Two aspects of this context are dealt with here. The first aspect relates to the place in which each person lives, in other words, to their geographical environment, both natural and social or human made. Secondly, their personal heritage is considered: this includes the most important items in their lives, perhaps inconsequential to others but with long-term meaning for them and quite possibly for their descendants. Other broader aspects of heritage may well be relevant, too.

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