Does Productive Mean Active? The Behavior of Occasional and Serial Academic Inventors in Patenting Processes

Abstract Previous literature has attributed differences in individuals’ inventive productivity to a range of environmental, organizational and individual traits. However, the behavior of individuals with different inventive productivity has not been empirically explored in detail. Based on interviews with twenty Swedish academic inventors of diverse patenting experience, this paper analyses how serial and occasional inventors acted in patent initiation, patent application and subsequent patent management for specific inventions. Two modes of behavior are identified: passive and active. Individuals’ inventive productivity was not aligned with behavioral mode, with both modes of behavior exhibited by occasional as well as serial academic inventors. Individual academic inventors also varied in mode of behavior across different patent processes. These findings suggest that commonly used volume-based classifications of academic inventors obscure potentially relevant behavioral differences. This insight has implications for contemporary policy and organizational practice. It also highlights the need for further investigation of when academic inventors assume an active or passive mode of behavior in processes of academic commercialization.

Download Full-text

Stereo imaging in the shadow electron microscope

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107745 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 120-121

Author(s):

W. C. T. Dowell

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Convenient Method ◽

Patent Application ◽

Standard Technique ◽

Stereo Imaging ◽

Stereo Images ◽

Specimen Height

Stereo imaging is not new to electron microscopy. Von Ardenne, who first published transmission pairs nearly forty hears ago, himself refers to a patent application by Ruska in 1934. In the early days of the electron microscope von Ardenne employed a pair of magnetic lenses to view untilted specimens but soon opted for the now standard technique of tilting the specimen with respect to the beam.In the shadow electron microscope stereo images can, of course, be obtained by tilting the specimen between micrographs. This obvious method suffers from the disadvantage that the magnification is very sensitive to small changes in specimen height which accompany tilting in the less sophisticated stages and it is also time consuming. A more convenient method is provided by horizontally displacing the specimen between micrographs. The specimen is not tilted and the technique is both simple and rapid, stereo pairs being obtained in less than thirty seconds.

Download Full-text

Extraversion and Dopamine

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.3.1.37 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 37-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Thomas H. Rammsayer

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

D2 Receptor ◽

D2 Receptors ◽

Behavioral Differences ◽

Biological Mechanisms ◽

Brain Dopamine ◽

Personality Dimension ◽

Time Performance ◽

Reaction Time Performance ◽

Induced Changes

Recent research suggests that individual differences in brain dopamine (DA) functioning may be related to the personality dimension of extraversion. The present study was designed to further elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying behavioral differences between extraverts and introverts. For this purpose, the differential effects of a pharmacologically induced blockade of mesolimbocortical DA D2 receptors on reaction-time performance were investigated in 24 introverted and 24 extraverted subjects. Introverts were found to be much more susceptible to pharmacologically induced changes in D2 receptor activity than extraverts. This finding provides additional experimental evidence for the notion that individual differences in D2 receptor responsivity may represent a neurobiological substratum for the personality dimension of extraversion.

Download Full-text

Self-Construal: Multiple Categorization Methods and Examination of Behavioral Differences between Genders in a Uniethnic Sample

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413792005-663 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline L. Noffle

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Differences ◽

Self Construal

Download Full-text

A Theoretical Framework for Evaluating the Congruency of Organizational Practice

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e518362013-525 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Sean Robinson ◽

Allison N. Tenbrink ◽

Rodger W. Griffeth

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Framework ◽

Organizational Practice

Download Full-text

Individual Traits Shape Abstinence Self-Efficacy in Dependent Smokers

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e683202011-001 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Ross Maclean ◽

Stephen J. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Individual Traits

Download Full-text

10. The Study of Applicability of Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) in Passive Mode for Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) in Indoor Environments

10.3320/1.2758316 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

H. Lu ◽

N. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Activated Carbon Fiber ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Passive Mode ◽

Volatile Organic

Download Full-text

The Elachistidae of southern Siberia and Central Asia, with descriptions of five new species (Lepidoptera)¹

Entomologica Fennica ◽

10.33338/ef.83728 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 177-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lauri Kaila

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Central Asia ◽

Baikal Region ◽

Tianshan Mountains ◽

Previous Literature ◽

Altai Mountains ◽

Southern Siberia

The Elachistidae material collected during the joint Soviet-Finnish entomological expeditions to the Altai mountains, Baikal region and Tianshan mountains of the previous USSR is listed. Previous literature dealing with the Elachistidae in Central Asia is reviewed. A total of 40 species are dealt with, including descriptions of five new species: Stephensia jalmarella sp. n. (Altai), Elachista baikalica sp. n. (Baikal), E. talgarella sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan), E. esmeralda sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan) and E. filicornella sp. n. (southern Kazakhstan). The previously unknown females of E. bimaculata Parenti, 1981 and Biselachista zonulae Sruoga, 1992 are described.

Download Full-text

Race on Both Sides of the Razor

Kalfou A Journal of Comparative and Relational Ethnic Studies ◽

10.15367/kf.v5i1.194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terence D. Keel

Keyword(s):

Social Constructionism ◽

Political Correctness ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Social Constructionist ◽

Behavioral Differences ◽

Social Activists ◽

Continued Use ◽

Biological Differences

The proliferation of studies declaring that there is a genetic basis to health disparities and behavioral differences across the so-called races has encouraged the opponents of social constructionism to assert a victory for scientific progress over political correctness. I am not concerned in this essay with providing a response to critics who believe races are expressions of innate genetic or biological differences. Instead, I am interested in how genetic research on human differences has divided social constructionists over whether the race concept in science can be used for social justice and redressing embodied forms of discrimination. On one side, there is the position that race is an inherently flawed concept and that its continued use by scientists, medical professionals, and even social activists keeps alive the notion that it has a biological basis. On the other side of this debate are those who maintain a social constructionist position yet argue that not all instances of race in science stem from discriminatory politics or the desire to prove that humans belong to discrete biological units that can then be classified as superior or inferior. I would like to shift this debate away from the question of whether race is real and move instead toward thinking about the intellectual commitments necessary for science to expose past legacies of discrimination.

Download Full-text