Monuments and martyrdom: Memorializing the dead in post-conflict North Maluku

2009 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

This paper explores how certain Tobelo and Galela communities in the eastern Indonesian province of North Maluku have dealt with the dead in the aftermath of the ethnic and religious violence that swept the region in 1999-2001. It focuses on the issue of martyrdom and the construction of memorials to those who died during the conflict. I argue that these memorials have a dual purpose. First and foremost they are about mourning and martyrdom. They serve local needs to respect and remember those who were lost in the conflict and to recognize the sacrifices made in the name of religion. This notion of martyrdom directly relates to another aspect of these monuments, attempts by local communities in North Maluku, particularly the Christian communities I focus on in this paper, to solidify their version of events in the public narrative. As the local government encourages people to put the conflict behind them and to forget about the violence, the construction of these memorials maintains the focus on the religious framing of past events. In building these monuments and martyr cemeteries, people are publicly staking a claim on their interpretation of history and literally putting their version in stone. They seek to do so before official accounts (or denials) of what happened become hegemonic and pave over the nature of the violence and suffering that occurred. I also explore how the construction and placement of Christian memorials in churchyards contradicts previous church burial practices.

Copyright and the Commons

2017 ◽  
pp. 106-126
Author(s):  
Erika Balsom
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Digital Reproduction ◽  
Cultural Commons ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

This chapter interrogates how artists’ moving image has grappled with the increased ridigification of copyright that has occurred over the last two decades. Many artists champion the freedom to reuse copyrighted materials, but fail to interrogate the particular circumstances that it make possible for them to do so without retribution, while simultaneously avoiding an engagement with the significant encroachments on fair use and the public domain that have been implemented as part of new copyright legislation that seeks to control the unruliness of digital reproduction. As a counterpoint to such positions, this chapter examines Ben White and Eileen Simpson’s Struggle in Jerash (2009), a work made by repurposing a public domain film of the same title made in 1957 in Jordan. Simpson and White contest the increasing privatization of visual culture, insisting on the wealth of the cultural commons precisely as it is under threat.

Claiming Social Identities in the Mortuary Landscape of the Late Bronze Age Communities of Macedonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-197
Author(s):  
Sevi Triantaphyllou ◽  
Stelios Andreou
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Dead

Burial practices in Late Bronze Age Macedonia do not manifest particularly elaborate traits in terms of grave architecture and prestigious items accompanying the dead. In contrast to practices in the southern mainland, local communities adopted subtler and less homogeneous forms of treating the deceased in an attempt to signify their particular identities in the cultural, political, and symbolic landscape. Recent research has established a special focus on descent in extramural cemeteries, such as the cist grave cemetery with multiple burials at Spathes on Mount Olympus, the tumuli of Western Macedonia and Southern Pieria, the burial enclosures of Faia Petra, and the tumuli at Exochi and Potamoi in Eastern Macedonia. In Central Macedonia, on the other hand, where tell settlements dominate the natural and symbolic landscape, burial practices possess a less prominent place in the social space. The dominant trait here seems to be the absence of formal mortuary practices. Burials may occur within the settlement without special care regarding the treatment of the dead, but with a desire to mark out the links of the deceased with particular residential groups. The handling of death in Late Bronze Age Macedonia emerges therefore as a powerful practice, which was manipulated in different modes by the living communities in order to claim a diverse set of social identities and significant properties in the diverse cultural landscape and the varied political scenery of the area.

Errors in Age

1913 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 263-354
Author(s):  
John A. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

The subject is one which may seem of somewhat minor importance, but, on investigation, it will be found that, even under present-day conditions, it requires careful attention by life assurance offices and by all societies and funds which have liabilities depending upon the duration of human life. As an illustration of its importance it may be mentioned that it is well known that statements of ages made in the past by the public for the purposes of census and death returns contain a considerable number of errors, both intentional and unintentional: and it can readily be understood that life assurance offices would certainly involve themselves in serious loss if they dispensed with satisfactory proof of age. Were they to do so the resulting errors in age would be relatively far in excess of the corresponding errors contained in census returns, owing to the monetary advantages which could be gained by understating the age at the date of effecting a policy of assurance, and to these advantages acting as an incentive to fraud. Accordingly, it is recognised by all life assurance offices—though not always by their assured—that proof of age is a requirement which must be complied with before payment of a claim.

scholarly journals Assessing Urban Accessibility in Monterrey, Mexico: A Transferable Approach to Evaluate Access to Main Destinations at the Metropolitan and Local Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7519
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Gaxiola-Beltrán ◽  
Jorge Narezo-Balzaretti ◽  
Mauricio Adolfo Ramírez-Moreno ◽  
Blas Luis Pérez-Henríquez ◽  
Ricardo Ambrocio Ramírez-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Accessibility ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

Cities demand urgent transformations in order to become more affordable, livable, sustainable, walkable and comfortable spaces. Hence, important changes have to be made in the way cities are understood, diagnosed and planned. The current paper puts urban accessibility into the centre of the public policy and planning agenda, as a transferable approach to transform cities into better living environments. To do so, a practical example of the City of Monterrey, Mexico, is presented at two planning scales: the metropolitan and local level. Both scales of analysis measure accessibility to main destinations using walking and cycling as the main transport modes. The results demonstrate that the levels of accessibility at the metropolitan level are divergent, depending on the desired destination, as well as on the planning processes (both formal and informal) from different areas of the city. At the local level, the Distrito Tec Area is diagnosed in terms of accessibility to assess to what extent it can be considered a part of a 15 minutes city. The results show that Distrito Tec lacks the desired parameters of accessibility to all destinations for being a 15 minutes city. Nevertheless, there is a considerable increase in accessibility levels when cycling is used as the main travelling mode. The current research project serves as an initial approach to understand the accessibility challenges of the city at different planning levels, by proving useful and disaggregated data. Finally, it concludes providing general recommendations to be considered in planning processes aimed to improve accessibility and sustainability.

scholarly journals Behind the legal curtain: Social, cultural and religious practices and their impact on missing persons and the dead in Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Mayra Nuñez Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Dead

Abstract This paper examines social, cultural and religious factors that affect the implementation of international humanitarian law concerning dead and missing persons in non-international armed conflicts. To this end, the behaviour of both armed groups and civil society is studied. The argument made in the paper is that in some cases endogenous and exogenous systems of value (social, religious and cultural understandings), operating within the logic of armed non-State actors and within local communities, should be considered by policies concerning the search for missing persons. The Colombian armed conflict is used as case study; the social, cultural and religious practices of the National Liberation Army and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army are analyzed as examples. Likewise, social and cultural values within affected populations can impact on post-conflict mechanisms agreed upon by the parties concerning the search for missing persons, and vice versa. Consequently, customs and traditions such as the “adoption” of unidentified buried people by local communities (social resignification of the dead) and the practices of indigenous communities are reviewed in order to establish a holistic framework.

Stuporose Insanity Consecutive to Induced Hypnotism

1891 ◽  
Vol 37 (156) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
M. J. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

“Je n'ai jamais rien vu survenir de grave”∗ wrote M. Richet to Professor Heidenhain, giving the results of the experiments he had made in hypnotism; and no doubt he was fully justified in doing so, since only one individual tested by him suffered any inconvenience, and that in a very slight and passing degree. Putting this evidence with his own observations, Heidenhain not unnaturally asserts that “there is no ground whatever for objection to hypnotic experiments,” † and again he says “it must be remembered that the necessity for precaution has not arisen as the result of unfavourable experience, but merely because it is our duty, for the sake of the person experimented on, to be over careful rather than not careful enough.” † The case under present consideration is, however, calculated to shake our confidence in such assurances of complete immunity from danger in hypnotic experiments, especially when conducted by unskilled persons; and indicates, moreover, that Professors Richet and Heidenhain owe their happy results as much to good fortune as to theperfect freedom from risk they calculate on with so much certainty. Still further, it confirms the remarks of Binet and Féré, who say “with respect to the performance of such experiments in public, it should be condemned just as we condemn public dissections of the dead body, and vivisection in public.”∗ But this note of warning, though important, is perhaps the least interesting of the many considerations to which a study of this case gave rise, since it was particularly rich in the various psychological and physiological manifestations appertaining to the hypnotic and stuporose states. For this reason I desire to bring it under notice, and, owing to the kindness of my chief, Dr. Conolly Norman, who placed the man under my immediate charge for observations and treatment, I am enabled to do so. My grateful acknowledgments are also due to Surgeon-Major Martin, A.M.S., who kindly furnished me with the notes made by him on the patient's condition during his period of treatment at the Royal Infirmary, Dublin, prior to his removal to this asylum.

“Our Dead are the Ultimate Teachers of Life”. The Corpse as an Inter-mediator of Transcendence

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-240
Author(s):  
Antje Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Death And Dying ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Funeral Director ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Relationship

Today in Germany, religion and the churches forfeit their sovereignty of interpretation and ritual concerning death and dying. The funeral director is the first point of contact when death occurs. Therefore he or she is able to influence the relationship between the living and the dead. In the course of this development, the dead body, often referred to as dirty and dangerous, is being sanitized by funeral directors. Funeral directors credit the dead body with a certain quality; they claim that facing the dead may lead to religious or spiritual experiences, and therefore they encourage the public viewing of the dead – a practice which was, and still is not very common in Germany. The new connotation of the dead body is an example for the dislimitation of religion in modern society. The religious framing of death-related practises no longer exclusively belongs to traditional religious institutions and actors, but can take place in commercial business companies as well.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

Fuzzy Lines: Using the Best-Selling Novel to Illustrate the Blurring Boundaries of “Public”

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nolan J. Argyle ◽  
Gerald A. Merwin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Civic Community ◽  
Additional Area ◽  
Do So

Privatization, contracting out, and a host of other current trends blur the line between public and private—they create what at best is a fuzzy line. This study examines yet one additional area where the lines between public and private have gotten even fuzzier—the best selling novel. It uses the writings of Tom Clancy and Clive Cussler,two authors whose names on a novel guarantee best-seller status. It will do so in the context of what a civic community and civil society are, and how they relate to the public-private question, a question that has renewed life in public administration.

Against Permanent Sovereignty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Made In

The status quo within international politics is that individual nation-states enjoy extensive and for the most part exclusive rights over the resources falling within their borders. Egalitarians have often assumed that such a situation cannot be defended, but perhaps some sophisticated defences of state or national rights over natural resources which have been made in recent years prove otherwise. This chapter critically assesses these various arguments, and shows that they are not sufficient to justify the institution of ‘permanent sovereignty’ over resources. Even insofar as those arguments have some weight, they are compatible with a significant dispersal of resource rights away from individual nation-states, both downwards towards local communities, and upwards towards transnational and global agencies.

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