How Are Audiovisual Simultaneity Judgments Affected by Multisensory Complexity and Speech Specificity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Tsunagu Ikeda ◽  
Masanao Morishita
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Stimulus Complexity ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Specific Factors

Abstract While stimulus complexity is known to affect the width of the temporal integration window (TIW), a quantitative evaluation of ecologically highly valid stimuli has not been conducted. We assumed that the degree of complexity is determined by the obviousness of the correspondence between the auditory onset and visual movement, and we evaluated the audiovisual complexity using video clips of a piano, a shakuhachi flute and human speech. In Experiment 1, a simultaneity judgment task was conducted using these three types of stimuli. The results showed that the width of TIW was wider for speech, compared with the shakuhachi and piano. Regression analysis revealed that the width of the TIW depended on the degree of complexity. In the second experiment, we investigated whether or not speech-specific factors affected the temporal integration. We used stimuli that either contained natural-speech sounds or white noise. The results revealed that the width of the TIW was wider for natural sentences, compared with white noise. Taken together, the width of the TIW might be affected by both the complexity and speech specificity.

scholarly journals Inherent emotional quality of human speech sounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Myers-Schulz ◽  
Maia Pujara ◽  
Richard C. Wolf ◽  
Michael Koenigs
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Emotional Quality

scholarly journals Burnout among staff on specialized eating disorder units in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Wiig Hage ◽  
Karin Isaksson Rø ◽  
Øyvind Rø
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Emotional Dissonance ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Objective Burnout is commonly associated with low workplace wellbeing. Patients with eating disorders are frequently referred to as a particularly challenging group to treat. It is therefore important to study healthcare providers´ workplace wellbeing in settings which treat eating disorders. The aims of the current study were to (a) measure burnout among healthcare providers working on specialized eating disorder units in Norway, and (b) explore factors predicting burnout. Methods 186 participants from 11 specialized eating disorder units in Norway completed an online survey including the Mashlach Burnout Inventory, and eating disorder-specific factors related to burnout, job satisfaction, work environment, emotional dissonance and stress. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of burnout. Results Overall, low levels of burnout were found among the participants. Eating disorder-specific factors and emotional dissonance predicted the three central aspects of burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment. Conclusions Findings suggest a relatively low level of burnout across age, gender, and professional categories working at specialized eating disorder units, contrary to commonly-held assumptions pertaining to the challenges involved in treating individuals with eating disorders.

scholarly journals Impact of Firm Specific Factors on Credit Risk: A Case of Karachi Stock Exchange

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Sajid Iqbal ◽  
Saima Nasir Chaudry ◽  
Nadeem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current study aims to explore the relationship of firm’s specific factors i-e profitability, ROA, leverage and bank size on credit risk. The population of the study consists of manufacturing sector of Pakistan. The sample of study is cement sector of Pakistan. The sample units are 22 and listed at Karachi stocks exchange. The multivariate regression analysis is used to test the data of sample. The study revealed negative significant relationship of all firm specific factors with credit risk in Pakistan. Thus, the study supported historic investigations regarding credit risk.

scholarly journals Systemic Factors Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Proteinuria-Induced Glomerulosclerosis in Adriamycin Nephrotic Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2359-2366
Author(s):  
ERIC DE BOER ◽  
GERJAN NAVIS ◽  
ANTON T. M. TIEBOSCH ◽  
PAUL E. DE JONG ◽  
DICK DE ZEEUW
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Temporary Clipping

Abstract. This study aims to dissociate the respective roles of systemic nephrosis and of the intrarenal effects of proteinuria in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in adriamycin nephrosis. To this purpose, this study examined proteinuria and FGS in bilateral (BAP) and unilateral proteinuria (UAP) in two different rat strains. UAP was obtained by protecting one kidney from exposure to adriamycin by temporary clipping of one renal artery during adriamycin injection. At sacrifice (week 12), FGS was present in BAP and in exposed kidneys in UAP, but not in unexposed kidneys. FGS correlated significantly with proteinuria per kidney in BAP and UAP. Remarkably, for a given proteinuria per kidney, the sclerosis score was higher in BAP than in UAP, reflected by a higher ratio of FGS score per mg proteinuria per kidney (Wistar: 0.09 ± 0.01 in BAP versus 0.05 ± 0.01%/mg protein per d in UAP, P < 0.05; Lewis: 0.12 ± 0.01 in BAP versus 0.07 ± 0.01%/mg protein per d in UAP, P < 0.05), indicating that the local damaging effects of proteinuria are modified by other factors. Cholesterol correlated with total proteinuria in BAP and UAP. FGS score was positively correlated with cholesterol. The latter correlation was similar in BAP and UAP, indicating that cholesterol was a more uniform predictor for FGS than proteinuria per kidney. This was independent of strain-specific factors. On multilinear regression analysis, cholesterol turned out to be the most consistent predictor of FGS in proteinuric kidneys, with a stronger predictive value than proteinuria per kidney. It is concluded that although systemic sequelae of nephrosis do not induce renal damage in nonproteinuric kidneys, they modify the severity of proteinuria-induced FGS in proteinuric kidneys.

scholarly journals Dogs perceive and spontaneously normalize formant-related speaker and vowel differences in human speech sounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 20190555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Root-Gutteridge ◽  
Victoria F. Ratcliffe ◽  
Anna T. Korzeniowska ◽  
David Reby
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Short Word ◽  
Speaker Normalization ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Human Trait ◽  
Same Gender

Domesticated animals have been shown to recognize basic phonemic information from human speech sounds and to recognize familiar speakers from their voices. However, whether animals can spontaneously identify words across unfamiliar speakers (speaker normalization) or spontaneously discriminate between unfamiliar speakers across words remains to be investigated. Here, we assessed these abilities in domestic dogs using the habituation–dishabituation paradigm. We found that while dogs habituated to the presentation of a series of different short words from the same unfamiliar speaker, they significantly dishabituated to the presentation of a novel word from a new speaker of the same gender. This suggests that dogs spontaneously categorized the initial speaker across different words. Conversely, dogs who habituated to the same short word produced by different speakers of the same gender significantly dishabituated to a novel word, suggesting that they had spontaneously categorized the word across different speakers. Our results indicate that the ability to spontaneously recognize both the same phonemes across different speakers, and cues to identity across speech utterances from unfamiliar speakers, is present in domestic dogs and thus not a uniquely human trait.

Relative Loudness Judgments of Non-Shadowed Material Presented Dichotically

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
A. J. Chapman ◽  
W. G. Cumberbatch
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Loudness Judgment ◽  
Different Types

In a non-shadowing dichotic loudness judgment task, 20 Ss matched speech and white noise intensities at 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 db. Above 70 db, Ss judged speech to be louder than white noise, at 70 db they were judged to be equally loud, but at 60 db white noise was considered to be louder than speech. These findings are discussed in terms of the attenuability of different types of material.

scholarly journals Functional imaging of the auditory processing applied to speech sounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1493) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D Patterson ◽  
Ingrid S Johnsrude
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Auditory Processes ◽  
The Brain

In this paper, we describe domain-general auditory processes that we believe are prerequisite to the linguistic analysis of speech. We discuss biological evidence for these processes and how they might relate to processes that are specific to human speech and language. We begin with a brief review of (i) the anatomy of the auditory system and (ii) the essential properties of speech sounds. Section 4 describes the general auditory mechanisms that we believe are applied to all communication sounds, and how functional neuroimaging is being used to map the brain networks associated with domain-general auditory processing. Section 5 discusses recent neuroimaging studies that explore where such general processes give way to those that are specific to human speech and language.

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