Studies on sexual compatibility and or incompatibility among Psidium species and their hybridity confirmation through ssr markers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jagadeesha Mulagund ◽  
M.R. Dinesh ◽  
C. Vasugi ◽  
A. Rekha ◽  
K.V. Ravishankar
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Sexual Compatibility ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
The Cross

Abstract The present investigation was carried out with an aim to determine the cross compatibility between Psidium species (P. chinensis, P. guineense, P. cattleianum and P. molle) and commercial guava cultivars (Arka Kiran, Arka Rashmi, Arka Mridula and Allahabad Safed). The results revealed that, P. chinensis and P. guineense were found to be good cross compatible male parents whereas, Allahabad Safeda and Arka Kiran were found to be good cross compatible female parents. However, no fruit set and seed set were obtained when P. cattleianum and P. molle were used as male parent indicating the cross incompatibility of these species with commercial guava cultivars which is reconfirmed using florescence microscopy technique to understand the pollen-pistil interaction between incompatible P. cattleianum and P. molle species with P. guajava cv. Allahabad Safeda. Result indicated that low fluorescence intensity along with poor pollen germination and improper pollen-tube growth could be the reason for incompatibility. In order to break this incompatibility, a modified pollination technique called stigma maceration technique was followed wherein stigma of the male parent macerated with different chemicals viz., carbohydrate source (2% sucrose), growth regulators (50 ppm GA3 and iaa) and micronutrients (50 ppm of each Boric acid, MgSO4, CaNO3 and KNO3) and pollinated twice i.e., on the day of flower opening and the same time of next day resulted in cross compatibility of P. cattleianum and P. molle with commercial guava cultivars. Further hybridity confirmation of interspecific hybrids using ssr markers revealed that, 8 markers were found to be co-dominant and confirmed the hybridity of interspecific hybrid combinations.

scholarly journals Cross Compatibility Analysis to Identify Suitable Parents of Tagetes erecta and T. patula for Heterotic Hybrid Breeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huali ZHANG ◽  
Haibo XIN ◽  
Richen CONG ◽  
Zijing LI ◽  
Lina SONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Seed Setting Rate

Seven interspecific crosses of Tagetes erecta × T. patula were conducted in this study. The cross compatibility index, seed setting rate, germination rate, phenotype, ploidy level, heterosis over male parent and field performance were tested. The results showed that different cross compatibility indices of Tagetes vary greatly, from 10.44~114.41, which is far less than that of the intraspecific hybridization S-121 × I-506 index. The seed setting rate of each cross ranged from 15.67% to 49.0%, and the cross S-121 × TP-512 scored the highest seed setting rate, which was higher than that of the intraspecific cross S-121 × I-506 (35.85%). Compared with the male parent, F1 has higher plant height, wider crown width, larger flower diameter and more ray florets and earlier bloom with two exceptions. The S-121 of T. erecta was diploid. All of the male parents of T. patula were tetraploids, and the combinations were triploids. The traits of plant height, plant width, flower size and number of ray florets showed positive heterosis over the male parents, and the days leading to flowering showed both positive and negative ones. Finally, S-121 × TP-379 and S-121 × TP-512 were selected as the two best combinations. This study confirmed that the two species of marigold could be crossed for better F1 varieties with improved performance.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Characterisation and evaluation of interspecific cross-incompatibility in two Delphinium species

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cheng ◽  
Wenling Guan ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Ornamental Traits

AbstractDelphinium yunnanense is an endemic species in the Yunnan Province of China, while Delphinium elatum ‘Guardian Blue’ is widespread as cut flowers in the world. They all bloom attractive blue flowers, which are a crucial ornamental trait for floriculture. In this experiment, the cross-compatibility between D. yunnanense and D. elatum was characterised and evaluated. The results showed that a strong cross-incompatibility was observed in D. yunnanense × D. elatum, resulting in hybrid sterility. The F1 hybrid generation produced neither fruits nor seeds. The cross-incompatibility of the hybrids resulted from the disturbed structure of the pollen tubes penetrating pistil style and callose deposits on stigma and in style. Moreover, the germination rate of D. elatum × D. yunnanense F1 seed was lower than their own allogamic crosses, although there was no difference in fruit set rate. The results confirmed the cross-incompatibility between D. yunnanense and D. elatum, suggesting that D. elatum is more suitable as a maternal parent for hybridisation breeding. Our study characterised and evaluated the interspecific cross-compatibility through the pollen–stigma interaction and the reproductive system in Delphinium, which could provide the basis for the development and utilisation of potential ornamental traits in Delphinium.

scholarly journals Selection of a Suitable Pollinizer for ‘Summer Fantasia’ Plum

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Kwon ◽  
Ji Hae Jun ◽  
Eun Young Nam ◽  
Kyeong Ho Chung ◽  
Ik Koo Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Selection Of

Being self-incompatible, most Asian plums should be planted with a compatible pollinizer to produce fruits. Therefore, the selection of an adequate pollinizer is essential when new plum cultivars are released. To select a suitable pollinizer for ‘Summer Fantasia’ plum, the S genotype, cross-compatibility, pollen viability, and flowering time of five candidate cultivars were evaluated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, the S genotype of ‘Summer Fantasia’ was determined as SaSc, which was expected to be compatible with other S genotypes. To test cross-compatibility, the trees were covered with caging net to prevent unintended pollination, and pistils were hand pollinated without emasculation. Fruit set percentage was calculated 10 weeks after pollination. The fruit set percentage resulting from the cross between ‘Summer Fantasia’ and ‘Taiyo’ (SbSc) was 13.8%, whereas that resulting from other combinations was less than 5.0%. Pollen germination percentage was investigated to monitor pollen viability; it varied yearly among cultivars, although ‘Formosa’ (10.6%) and ‘Taiyo’ (13.8%) showed the highest pollen germination percentages among the cultivars. When averaged over three years and two locations, ‘Summer Fantasia’ bloomed 2–3 days after ‘Akihime’, ‘Formosa’, ‘Oishiwase’, and ‘Purple Queen’. Blooming period of ‘Summer Fantasia’ and ‘Taiyo’ overlapped almost entirely. Overall, the results indicated that ‘Taiyo’ was the most suitable pollinizer for ‘Summer Fantasia’.

scholarly journals Phloem-Feeding Herbivores Affect Floral Development and Reproduction in the Etruscan Honeysuckle (Lonicera etrusca Santi)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Sandra V. Rojas-Nossa ◽  
José María Sánchez ◽  
Luis Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
Fruit And Seed Set ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Floral development depends on multifactor processes related to genetic, physiological, and ecological pathways. Plants respond to herbivores by activating mechanisms aimed at tolerating, compensating, or avoiding loss of biomass and nutrients, and thereby survive in a complex landscape of interactions. Thus, plants need to overcome trade-offs between development, growth, and reproduction vs. the initiation of anti-herbivore defences. This study aims to assess the frequency of phloem-feeding herbivores in wild populations of the Etruscan honeysuckle (Lonicera etrusca Santi) and study their effects on floral development and reproduction. The incidence of herbivory by the honeysuckle aphid (Hyadaphis passerinii del Guercio) was assessed in three wild populations of the Iberian Peninsula. The effect of herbivory on floral morphology, micromorphology of stigmas and pollen, floral rewards, pollination, and fruit and seed set were studied. The herbivory by aphids reduces the size of flowers and pollen. Additionally, it stops nectar synthesis and causes malformation in pollen and microstructures of stigmas, affecting pollination. As a consequence, fruit set and seed weight are reduced. This work provides evidence of the changes induced by phloem-feeding herbivores in floral development and functioning that affect the ecological processes necessary to maintain the reproductive success of plants.

Analysis of the cross-compatibility of Lilium brownii var. viridulum and L. davidii var. unicolor

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 110130
Author(s):  
Like Wu ◽  
Lin Wan ◽  
Luomin Cui ◽  
Kongzhong Xiao ◽  
Ju Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
The Cross

Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
S. Cheabu ◽  
C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽  
W. Detpittayanan ◽  
A. Vanavichit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

Pollination ecology of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) in Central Brazil cerrado vegetation

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gribel ◽  
John D. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Anoura Geoffroyi ◽  
Phyllostomus Discolor

ABSTRACTThe floral biology, breeding system and pollination of Caryocar brasiliense were studied in the cerrado vegetation of Central Brazil. The large, yellowish-cream, brush-like flowers are pollinated mainly by glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina and Anoura geoffroyi). Three non-glossophagine bats (Phyllostomus discolor, Vampyrops lineatus and Carollia perspicillata) and two short probosisced hawk moths (Erinyis ello and Pseudosphinx tetrio) may also act as occasional pollinators. Caryocar brasiliense is self-compatible although it sets significantly more fruits when crossed than when selfed. The natural fruit set (fruit/flower ratio) and seed set (seed/ovule ratio) are 3.1% and 1.0% respectively. Most of the fruits and seeds are formed through the action of the flower visitors, despite the fact that about 20% of the non-visited flowers receive self pollen on at least one stigma.

scholarly journals The effect of pollenizer on the fruit set of plum cultivar Cacanska Najbolja

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
Vera Rakonjac ◽  
Milica Fotiric-Aksic
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Very High

In this paper, during a 4-year period (2003-2006) effects of six pollenizers (President, Italian Prune, Stanley, Cacanska Rodna, Agen 707, and California Blue) on the degree of fruit set in the plum cultivar Cacanska Najbolja were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. Functional pollen ability in pollenizer-cultivars was established by in vitro pollen germination. Degree of fruit set was determined comparing the number of fruit set (10 days after pollination, 21 days after pollination and number of harvested fruits) against the number of pollinated flowers. The results indicated that all pollenizer cultivars, studied in this paper, possessed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination (30.1-67.4%). The number of fruit set determined 10 days after pollination was very high and did not differ among pollenizers. Highly significant differences were found between the pollenizers in the number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and significant ones in relation to the number of harvested fruits. Compared to open pollination, higher number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and higher number of harvested fruits were obtained when cultivars Stanley (17.0%; 7.6%) and Italian Prune (14.6%; 6.9%) were used as pollenizers, therefore those cultivars are recommendable as good pollenizers for the cultivar Cacanska Najbolja.

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