Moral Hinterlands of Pre-Colonial Indian Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Stewart Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Malabar Coast ◽  
Indian Cities

Abstract This paper explores relations between Western Indian cities and the supply areas connected to them. It begins with a discussion of the term “hinterland,” frequently used to describe these relations. As we shall see, the term greatly simplifies a complex set of relationships between cities, smaller towns, and rural villages. We will consider three case studies of money advanced against future assets. The first concerns the relation of thirteenth-century Jewish traders to their indigenous spice suppliers on the Malabar Coast; the second, the relation of eighteenth-century East India Company traders to cloth producers; and the third, the relation of Pune investors to taxation areas against which they loaned money to the Maratha government. In a time of slow communications and transportation the central problem was “trust at a distance”; the operative relationships were as much emotional and moral as economic. Finally, I will suggest a new way to conceptualize cities and their hinterlands.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John West
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary History ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Differences

Literary history often positions Dryden as the precursor to the great Tory satirists of the eighteenth century, like Pope and Swift. Yet a surprising number of Whig writers expressed deep admiration for Dryden, despite their political and religious differences. They were particularly drawn to the enthusiastic dimensions of his writing. After a short reading of Dryden’s poem to his younger Whig contemporary William Congreve, this concluding chapter presents three case studies of Whig writers who used Dryden to develop their own ideas of enthusiastic literature. These three writers are Elizabeth Singer Rowe, John Dennis, and the Third Earl of Shaftesbury. These case studies are used to critique the political polarizations of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century literary history and to stress instead how literary friendship crossed political allegiances, and how writers of differing ideological positions competed to control mutually appealing ideas and vocabularies.

scholarly journals Construction at Cochin: Building ships at the VOC-yard in Cochin

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
Erik Odegard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Malabar Coast ◽  
Relative Decline

The port of Cochin on the Malabar Coast of India had always been a centre of shipbuilding. After the Dutch conquest in the port in 1663, the Dutch East India Company (VOC), too, established a shipyard there. At this yard, the VOC experimented with building ocean-going ships until the management of the company decreed that these were to be built solely in the Dutch Republic itself. During the first half of the eighteenth century, the yard focused on the repair of passing Indiamen and the construction of smaller vessels for use in and between the VOC commands in Malabar, Coromandel, Bengal and Sri Lanka. For most of the vessels built during the 1720s and 1730s, detailed accounts exist, allowing for a reconstruction of the costs of the various shipbuilding materials in Malabar, as well as the relative cost of labour. From the 1750s onwards, operations at the yard again become more difficult to discern. Likely, the relative decline of the VOC’s presence in Malabar caused a reduction in operations at the yard, but the shipyard was still in existence when Cochin was captured by British forces in 1795. However, this did not mean the end of Cochin as a shipbuilding centre, as a number or Royal Navy frigates were built at Cochin during the early nineteenth century.

Jesuit Missionaries and Missions in the Iberian Colonial World

2018 ◽  
pp. 378-399
Author(s):  
Rafael Gaune Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Local Dimension ◽  
The Third ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries

This chapter aims to analyze the Jesuit missionaries and their missions in colonial America (sixteenth through eighteenth centuries) based on the categories of globalness (the global) and mundanity (the local) through three historical frameworks: first, the missionary expansion of the Society of Jesus from the viceroyalty of Peru and its ties to Rome and the Iberian monarchy in the sixteenth century; second, presenting the defensive war project implemented on Chile’s southern border between 1612 and 1626 as a missionary and political mechanism of territorial and spiritual “reduction”; and third, changes in missionary identity in the eighteenth century. The first two frameworks are based on case studies that give a view of the local dimension while at the same time allowing one to understand the global dynamics of the Society of Jesus in other colonial spaces. The third framework is based on broader geographical travel.

Historical Fragments’ Mobile Echo

Transfers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Bell ◽  
Kathy Davis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Opium War ◽  
The Subject

Translocation – Transformation is an ambitious contribution to the subject of mobility. Materially, it interlinks seemingly disparate objects into a surprisingly unified exhibition on mobile histories and heritages: twelve bronze zodiac heads, silk and bamboo creatures, worn life vests, pressed Pu-erh tea, thousands of broken antique teapot spouts, and an ancestral wooden temple from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) used by a tea-trading family. Historically and politically, the exhibition engages Chinese stories from the third century BCE, empires in eighteenth-century Austria and China, the Second Opium War in the nineteenth century, the Chinese Cultural Revolution of the mid-twentieth century, and today’s global refugee crisis.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION IN THE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES : FINDINGS OF THE SALVADOR, BRAZIL, 1993 CONFERENCE

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Francisco Fontes Lima ◽  
Francisco Alves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Source Control ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Petrochemical Industries

This paper describes the findings of the “Third International Conference on Waste Management in the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries,” held in Salvador, Brazil, October 20-23, 1993. A summary of the 74 technical papers, divided into six major categories, is presented together with comments on the more stringent legislation concerning source control programmes. Case studies of two large chemical complexes that have been developing successful waste minimization programmes are described in detail: CETREL-Environmental Protection Company in Camaçari, Brazil, and BASF AG in Ludwigshafen, Germany.

The Livable Eighteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
James R. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
University Of California ◽  
The Third ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
The University

The third in a set of review articles treating Wye Allanbrook's posthumously published Secular Commedia (University of California Press, 2014). The reviews originated as a panel discussion organized by Edmund J. Goehring at the Mozart Society of America's 2018 meeting at the University of Western Ontario.

Inventing the English Massacre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Games
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
English Language ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Violent Event ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
British Culture

This book explains how a conspiracy trial featuring English, Japanese, and Indo-Portuguese co-conspirators who allegedly plotted against the Dutch East India Company in the Indian Ocean in 1623 produced a diplomatic crisis in Europe and became known for four centuries in British culture as the Amboyna Massacre. The story of the transformation of this conspiracy into a massacre is a story of Anglo-Dutch relations in the seventeenth century and of a new word in the English language, massacre. The English East India Company drew on this new word to craft an enduring story of cruelty, violence, and ingratitude. Printed works—both pamphlets and images—were central to the East India Company’s creation of the massacre and to the story’s tenacity over four centuries as the texts and images were reproduced during conflicts with the Dutch and internal political disputes in England. By the eighteenth century, the story emerged as a familiar and shared cultural touchstone. By the nineteenth century, the Amboyna Massacre became the linchpin of the British Empire, an event that historians argued well into the twentieth century had changed the course of history and explained why the British had a stronghold in India. The broad familiarity with the incident and the Amboyna Massacre’s position as an early and formative violent event turned the episode into the first English massacre. It shaped the meaning of subsequent acts of violence, and placed intimacy, treachery, and cruelty at the center of massacres in ways that endure to the present day.

Poetics and subjectivities between classicism and Romanticism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
Development Of Identity ◽  
Further Development

In the context of Sentimentalism in the 1770s, literary culture opened up to representations of human subjectivity. The chapter considers genres of poetry devoted to the themes of pleasure, death, and posterity. It also considers the spaces of poetry and modes of exchange, whether through the album, the salon, and the verse epistle. Two case studies explore the use of different literary forms in the further development of identity, individual and also authorial. The first looks at Radishchev’s experiment in writing a fictional diary as a psychological exercise. The second examines the tradition of imitation of Horace’s Monument poem in Russian poetry in the eighteenth century as well as by later poets, such as Pushkin and Brodsky. The case study shows how these Russian versions express changing ideas about imitation and originality as well as poets’ concern with posterity.

Ecology and Imperium: State Formation in Early Colonial Bengal c. 1765–1800

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-281
Author(s):  
Baijayanti Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Outlying Regions ◽  
Power And Authority

This article looks at the process of state formation in Bengal in the second half of the eighteenth century when the English East India Company emerged as the paramount authority in the province. The article argues that compared with the previous regime of the Nazims who were content in exercising a loose sovereignty over the outlying regions of Bengal, the Company showed greater initiative in conquering and pacifying the remote areas of the province. In terms of its ecology, the province of Bengal could be divided into three distinct zones: the plains, the hills and the delta. The process of state formation varied in these three distinct eco-zones. While it was easy for the Company to establish its control over the Bengal plains, it became increasingly difficult for them to establish their power and authority in the hill forests (home to autonomous tribal communities who resented and resisted British interference) and in the deltaic tracts where the maze of rivers provided safe refuge and a means of escape to the Magh pirates and every other state fugitive. This article is an account of the Company’s struggles to establish its supremacy in Bengal, but it also looks at the resistance offered by autonomous tribal groups to retain and preserve their independence. Finally, this article attempts to link ecology with the process of state formation in early colonial Bengal.

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