Wood Anatomy of the Tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in Venezuela

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisana Espinoza de Pernía ◽  
José Luis Melandri
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Descriptive Information

We studied the microscopic wood anatomy of 8 genera and 30 species in the tribe Caesalpinieae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, with a focus on the identification and comparative anatomy of these genera. Characters suitable for reliable identification include intervessel pit size, fibre wall thickness, septate fibres, storied structure, ray type, ray width, and silica bodies. A table of diagnostic characters, generic descriptions, and photomicrographs provide tools for identification and descriptive information for comparative and phylogenetic studies.

ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE WOOD ANATOMY OF SOME BRAZILIAN SPECIES. 2. AXIAL PARENCHYMA, RAYS AND FIBRES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenise Segala Alves ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy-Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Brazilian Flora

Some ecological trends in wood anatomy were established in florulas from several regions in Brazil. Characteristics of the axial and radial parenchyma and fibres were analyzed in trees belonging to 22 families of the Brazilian flora, including 133 genera, 491 species and 686 specimens. Some ecological trends were statistically supported by Pearson’s Standardised Residues. At lower latitudes, the axial parenchyma was predominantly paratracheal and more abundant; the rays were thinner, and the fibre walls thicker. At higher latitudes, the parenchyma was predominantly apotracheal and not so abundant, the rays were wider and the fibre walls thinner. Fibre wall thickness was related to humidity. Thinner walls were found in more humid environments, thicker walls were associated with drier environments. No trends for ray composition were identified. Overall, the results for Brazilian species are compatible with trends established by other authors.

Ecological and Systematic Wood Anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kade Sidiyasa ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The wood anatomy is described of three sections of the genus Alstonia: sections Alstonia, Monuraspermum, and Dissuraspermum. The wood anatomical characters support the infrageneric classification on the basis of macropmorphological and pollen morphological features (Sidiyasa 1998). Vessel frequency, mean tangential vessel diameter, LID ratio, ray frequency, presence or absence of laticifers, parenchyma distribution, fibre wall thickness, and fibre wall pitting are all, in various degrees, diagnostic to separate the light Alstonia timber group (= section Alstonia) from the heavy Alstonia group (including the other two sections studied). Sections Monuraspermum and Dissuraspermum can be separated on vessel frequency and mean tangential vessel diameter. Among the light Alstonia group, the swamp inhabiting species have lower multi seriate rays than the non-swamp species which presumably root in well-aerated soils. Vessel elements and fibres also tend to be shorter in material from swamps, but this difference is not statistically significant. This tendency is perhaps associated with the physiological drought induced by water-logged soils.

New taxonomic circumscription to Chamaecrista ser. Setosae (H.S. Irwin & Barneby) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-158
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE APARECIDA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
THAINARA POLICARPO MENDES ◽  
ALESSANDRO OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA ◽  
MARCOS JOSÉ DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

This work presents a new circumscription and a taxonomic treatment for Chamaecrista ser. Setosae that resulted from previous phylogenetic studies and the analysis of ca. 350 collections, including typus, as well as the observation of populations in field. Nine species were recognized for the series, eight of which are endemic to Brazil, and one firstly recorded for the country (Ch. orenocensis). Are proposed the synonymizations of all varieties of Ch. setosa, the transfer of Ch. amphibola from the Setosae series to the ser. Ursinae and its consequent synonymization under Ch. exsudans, and the inclusion of Ch. multiseta from the Absoideae series to the ser.  Setosae based on previous phylogenetic and morphological evidences. Species are contrasted in a key, with their updated typifications, represented through images and described and commented on their flowering and fruiting periods, their geographical distributions, including, maps, preferred environments and conservation status, morphological relationships, as well as illustrated by their diagnostic characters.

ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISATION AND VARIABILITY OF THE THISTLE CYNARA CARDUNCULUS IN VIEW OF PULPING POTENTIAL

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Jorge Gominho ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Fibre Width

The thistle Cynara cardunculus L. is an herbaceous perennial with high productivity that is harvested annually and is a potential fibre crop for paper pulp production. The anatomical variation within stalks was studied (base, middle and top) and compared in C. cardunculus plants at different development phases. The stalk of C. cardunculus includes an epidermis, cortex and a central cylinder with fibro-vascular bundles with phloem, xylem and a fibrous sheath that is variable in arrangement and size within and between plants.At harvest, the pith represents 37% of the stalk transectional area and 7% of the total weight. There was a slight variation in quantitative features of, respectively, the three development groups studied; mean fibre length was 1.04 mm, 0.95 mm and 1.05 mm; mean fibre width was 15 μm, 16 μm and 21 μm; mean fibre wall thickness was 3.2 μm, 3.4 μm and 4.9 μm. Fibre length and width decreased within the stem from base to top, while fibre wall thickness increased. Mean vessel diameter was 22 μm and mean vessel element length 220–483 μm. In mature plants, parenchyma represents 39% of the total transectional area and fibres 25%. The proportion of fibres increases during plant development and in mature plants is highest at the stalk base.As regards anatomical features, Cynara stalks compare favourably to other annual plants and fibre biometry indicates good potential for paper sheet forming and strength properties.

Characterization and comparison of the wood anatomical traits of plantation grown Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Juan Guo ◽  
Haiqing Ren ◽  
Yurong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Pit Membrane

Abstract Oaks are important tree species, providing essential biomaterial for the wood industry. We characterize and compare wood anatomical traits of plantation grown Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Q. variabilis Blume to provide more detailed information to understand xylem radial growth, structure, and function, as well as differences between sapwood and heartwood, to provide data relevant for tree breeding and value-added wood utilization of oak plantations in China. In this study, radial strips were collected at breast height from the main trunk of the two species. Latewood percentage and growth ring width were investigated by X-ray densitometry and a Tree Ring Analysis System, respectively. Vessel and fibre lumen diameter, vessel and fibre wall thickness, vessel density, fibre wall thickness/diameter ratio, tissue proportions, and pit membrane thickness in between vasicentric tracheids were observed with light microscopy and electron microscopy and quantified. There were significant differences in a few wood anatomical traits between the two species: vessel wall thickness and vessel lumen diameter were higher in Q. acutissima than in Q. variabilis, while higher axial parenchyma proportion in sapwood was found in Q. variabilis than in Q. acutissima. More abundant tyloses were found in heartwood than in sapwood of both species. Our work showed the intraspecific and interspecific variation of the two species. Most differences between sapwood and heartwood must be attributed to differences in cambial age during their formation.

Wood anatomy of Cupressus and its relation to geographical distribution

IAWA Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Román-Jordán ◽  
Luis G. Esteban ◽  
Paloma de Palacios ◽  
Francisco G. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Central American ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

The wood anatomy of 14 species of Cupressus was studied to determine whether there is a pattern of wood anatomical diversity between the species from the North and Central American (western) region and the Eurasian (eastern) region. Xanthocyparis vietnamensis and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (syn. Xanthocyparis nootkatensis) were also studied to compare their wood anatomy, given their recent inclusion by some authors in Cupressus. The arrangement of the axial parenchyma, morphology of the transverse end walls of the axial parenchyma, presence of ray tracheids, typology of the end walls of the ray parenchyma cells and ray height support to some extent the division of Cupressus into two large groups: the American group (western region) and the Eurasian group (eastern region), as proposed in molecular phylogenetic studies. The wood anatomy of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis shares the presence of ray tracheids and the same ray typology with American Cupressus, and has the same ray height as Eurasian Cupressus. In contrast, Xanthocyparis vietnamensis shares the absence of ray tracheids and the same ray typology with Eurasian Cupressus, and has the same ray height as American Cupressus.

New diagnostic characters for Amphiodia and Ophiophragmus (Amphiuridae, Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-781
Author(s):  
Gisella C.S. Chagas ◽  
Renata A.S. Alitto ◽  
Helena Serrano ◽  
Gabriela Granadier ◽  
Pablo D.B. Guilherme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Records ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
New Information ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe genera Ophiophragmus and Amphiodia are amphiurids that are considered taxonomically difficult due to their great resemblance, few diagnostic characters and synonymy problems. Our aim is to redescribe the species using scanning electron microscopy and morphometry of diagnostic structures, and to provide new information for the identification of these Ophiuroidea. Five Amphiodia spp. and six Ophiophragmus spp. recorded in Brazil were rigorously redescribed. The descriptions include new diagnostic characters derived from external morphology, arm microstructures and morphometry. We also provided comparative analyses of species with shared characters such as Amphiodia riisei and Amphiodia trychna. The geographic and bathymetric distributions of the studied species were updated, and new records are provided. All the information presented may be used in taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic studies, helping to fill gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity, ecology and evolution of these Ophiuroidea. Conclusively, all the tools applied here assisted in the identification of genera and species and could be useful in other taxonomic studies of Echinodermata.

Anatomical properties of Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. at five different ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Makrand Gujar ◽  
R. Vishnu ◽  
Jyothi Mandan ◽  
I. Sekar ◽  
E. Anoop
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

Anthocephalus cadamba is an important tree species for pulp and paper industry. Anatomical studies were conducted between trees of different age viz., 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were selected from different plantation. One plus tree from each age was felled for the study. The transverse discs of 10 cm thickness were collected from three different heights of tree representing base, middle and top positions. Anatomical properties like Fibre Length, Fibre Diameter, Fibre Lumen Width, Fibre Wall Thickness, Flexibility, Slenderness ratio, Runkel ratio, Vessel Length, Vessel Diameter, Vessel Area, Vessel Frequency, Ray Height, Ray Width and Ray Frequency were studied. Present study revealed that the average Runkel ratio of Anthocephalus cadamba was 0.48; hence it is suitable for pulp and paper production. Fibre length at the ages of 6, 8 and 10 were at par. Fibre wall thickness were not significantly different at 2, 4, 6 and 8 age but 10 years of age fibre wall thickness differed significantly from other five different ages. Fibre diameter, fibre lumen width and slenderness were at par for all the five ages. Flexibility was at par in the ages of 2, 4, 6, and 8. Best practice of harvesting Anthocephalus cadamba would be at the age of six. Ray and vessel morphology did not show any specific trend from two to ten years old tree.

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