Ecological and Systematic Wood Anatomy of Alstonia (Apocynaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kade Sidiyasa ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The wood anatomy is described of three sections of the genus Alstonia: sections Alstonia, Monuraspermum, and Dissuraspermum. The wood anatomical characters support the infrageneric classification on the basis of macropmorphological and pollen morphological features (Sidiyasa 1998). Vessel frequency, mean tangential vessel diameter, LID ratio, ray frequency, presence or absence of laticifers, parenchyma distribution, fibre wall thickness, and fibre wall pitting are all, in various degrees, diagnostic to separate the light Alstonia timber group (= section Alstonia) from the heavy Alstonia group (including the other two sections studied). Sections Monuraspermum and Dissuraspermum can be separated on vessel frequency and mean tangential vessel diameter. Among the light Alstonia group, the swamp inhabiting species have lower multi seriate rays than the non-swamp species which presumably root in well-aerated soils. Vessel elements and fibres also tend to be shorter in material from swamps, but this difference is not statistically significant. This tendency is perhaps associated with the physiological drought induced by water-logged soils.

Systematic Wood Anatomy of Cornaceae and Allies

IAWA Journal ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Noshiro ◽  
P. Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Remarkable Agreement

The wood anatomy of Comaceae, Alangiaceae, Garryaceae, and Nyssaceae constituting the Comales in the sense of Cronquist (1981, 1988) is described in great detail and subjected to a cladistic analysis. A microscopic identification key to the woods studied is given. The alliance includes seventeen genera, mostly of trees and shrubs, very rarely herbs. Although wood anatomically fairly homogeneous, variation exists in both qualitative and quantitative characters. Some of the latter show distinct latitudinal trends within individual genera, and character states have only been recognised taking their latitudinal dependencies into account. The character states ultimately recognised in these continuously varying quantitative characters coincide with intergeneric or intersectional gaps. The cladistic analysis based on a datamatrix with twentyone characters (Table 3) and using Cereidiphyllum, Daphniphyllum, and Hamamelis as outgroups yielded a strict consensus tree with a quadrichotomy with two monophyletic clades, Hydrangea panieulata (a representative of the closely allied Hydrangeaceae) and Daphniphyllum (Fig. 81). One weakly supported clade includes Alangium, Camptotheea, Cornus, Curtisia, Davidia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, and Nyssa without any robust lineages among them. The other genera, Aralidium, Aueuba, Corokia, Garrya, Griselinia, Helwingia, Melanophylla and Toricellia, constitute a second, well-supported clade. Two Hydrangea taxa included in the analysis nest in the second clade and a basal branching respectively. The wood anatomical diversity pattern thus supports a family concept of Comaceae including Cornus, Curtisia, Diplopanax, Mastixia, Alangiaceae, and Nyssaceae, and exclusion of the genera in the other clade. There is remarkable agreement between some of these wood anatomical r~sults and recent cladistic analyses of rbcL sequences by Xiang and co-workers. The infrageneric classification of Cornus, Alangium and Nyssa is also discussed.

scholarly journals Anatomía comparada del leño de Maytenus en el Noroeste de Argentina (Sudamérica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Giménez ◽  
Juana Graciela Moglia ◽  
M. E. Figueroa ◽  
J. A. Díaz-Zírpolo ◽  
Federico Calatayu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Comparative wood anatomy of Maytenus in Northwestern Argentina (South America)This paper is a comparative wood anatomy study of four species of the genus Maytenus living in Northwest Argentina: Maytenus vitisidaea, M. viscifolia, M. spinosa and M. cuezzoi. The specimens were collected in Santiago del Estero and Salta, Argentina and wood samples are safeguarded in the collection of the LAM (Laboratory of Wood Anatomy), Faculty of Forestry of Santiago del Estero University (UNSE), Argentina. The terminology used followed the IAWA List of Microscopic Features for Hardwood Identification. The diagnostic features of wood anatomical characters were evaluated by employing statistical methods such as Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA showed vessel diameter, fibre wall, and ray width to be significant variables. CA showed M. cuezzoi and M. viscifolia to have the highest affinity.Anatomía comparada del leño de Maytenus en el Noroeste de Argentina (Sudamérica)El presente trabajo es un estudio de anatomía comparada de madera de cuatro especies del género Maytenus del Noroeste Argentino:Maytenus vitis-idaea, M. viscifolia, M. spinosa y M. cuezzoi. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en Santiago del Estero y Salta, Argentinay se salvaguardan en la colección del LAM (Laboratorio de Anatomía de Madera), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad deSantiago del Estero (UNSE), Argentina. Se empleó la terminología de IAWA (Lista de caracteres anatómicos del xilema de angiospermas).Los caracteres anatómicos de madera fueron evaluados mediante métodos estadísticos tales como análisis de conglomerados (AC) y elAnálisis de Componentes Principales (PCA). El PCA mostró como variables significativas el diámetro de vasos, el espesor de pared de lasfibras y el ancho de radios. El CA mostró que M. cuezzoi y M. viscifolia tienen alta afinidad específica.

Wood Anatomy of the Tribe Caesalpinieae (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) in Venezuela

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisana Espinoza de Pernía ◽  
José Luis Melandri
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Fibre Wall ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Descriptive Information

We studied the microscopic wood anatomy of 8 genera and 30 species in the tribe Caesalpinieae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae, with a focus on the identification and comparative anatomy of these genera. Characters suitable for reliable identification include intervessel pit size, fibre wall thickness, septate fibres, storied structure, ray type, ray width, and silica bodies. A table of diagnostic characters, generic descriptions, and photomicrographs provide tools for identification and descriptive information for comparative and phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Comparative wood anatomy of Atraphaxis taxa in Turkey

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Funda Erşen Bak ◽  
Derya Cesur
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Vessel Wall Thickness ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vestured Pits ◽  
Standard Techniques

The wood anatomy of four Atraphaxis taxa that have natural distribution in Turkey—Atraphaxis billardieri Jaub. & Spach, Atraphaxis billardieri subsp. tournefortii (Jaup. & Spach) Lovelius, Atraphaxis spinosa L., and endemic Atraphaxis grandiflora (Willd.)—were compared in this study. The wood samples were sectioned according to standard techniques. Samples were macerated with Schultze’s method. Tangential and radial vessel diameters, intervessel pit diameters, vessel wall thickness, vessel elements length, dimensions of libriform fibres (lengths, widths, cell wall thickness and, lumen diameter), and uniseriate and biseriate ray heights were measured, and the number of vessels per mm2, number of rays per mm, and number of vessels per group were counted. The qualitative features such as growth rings, vessel grouping, presence of helical thickening and storied structure, vestured pits, type of perforation plate, and arrangement of axial parenchyma were determined. These four species of Atraphaxis shrubs differ in some wood characteristics such as growth rings, vessel grouping, vestured pits, height and density of rays, number of vessels per mm2, and the dimensions of the vessel.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU AKIBAT PENGAWETAN MENGGUNAKAN IMPREGNASI KARBONDIOKSIDA

PERENNIAL ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asdar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Wood Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Perforation Plates

The anatomical characteristics were studied to collect information for wood identification of Gyrinops versteegii from Gorontalo. Anatomical characterisics were determined from microtome sectioned samples and macerated samples. Observation of anatomical structure in accordance to IAWA List included vessel (diameter, height, grouping, frequention, porosity, arrangement, perforation plates, deposits, and pits), rays (type, height, width and frequention), parenchyme, and fiber (diameter, diameter of lumina and wall thickness). The research results obtained are G. versteegii has included phloem, diffuse porous, radial multiple 2-4(7), 90 µm in tangential diameter, 14 per sq.mm, simple perforation plates, intervessel pit alternate and no deposites in vessel. Rays uniseriate, heterocellular and 8,4 rays per mm. Axial parenchyma diffuse or associated with included phloem and there are fusiform parenchyma cells. Intercellular canals absent. This wood has short size and very thin walled fiber. Keywords: Agar wood, wood anatomy, included phloem, G. versteegii

Eco-Anatomical Wood Features of Species from a Very Dry Tropical Forest

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Lindorf
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Vessel Element Length ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Hydraulic Safety

In 19 species of a very dry forest in Venezuela vessel diameter, vessel frequency, vessel grouping, vessel element length, and intervessel pit size, were studied and compared with data from other habitats. A predominance of characters that presumably contribute to hydraulic safety was observed: numerous grouped vessels of small diameter, short vessel elements, and minute intervessel pits. In some species, a xeromorphic wood anatomy coexists together with adaptations such as deciduousness, xeromorphic foliage, deep or superficially-extended roots, and succulence. In other species studied, the presence of xerophytic adaptations such as assimilating stems, succulence, and deep roots, seem to mitigate the xeromorphic wood appearance and, to some extent, lend it a mesomorphic character.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la madera de las especies mexicanas de Salvia sección Erythrostachys Epl. (Lamiaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ceja-Romero ◽  
Carmen de la Paz Pérez-Olvera ◽  
Jesús Rivera-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

The wood anatomy of Salvia pubescens, S. regla, and S. sessei is described. These species are included within the section Erythrostachys, subgenus Calosphace, genus Salvia. Two samples were collected for each species to obtain permanent slides. Transverse, radial and tangential sections were used to describe the anatomy of each taxon. The wood has ring porosity, the tangential vessel diameter is small (34-85 μm), the vessel elements are short (94-257 μm) with alternate pitting, helical thickenings and simple perforation plates. Vasicentric tracheids are present. Axial parenchyma is paratracheal scanty, apotracheal diffuse, and marginal. Rays are uniseriate and multiseriate, heterogeneous, aggregate and non aggregate. Libriform fibers are septate and non septate. Gums, tyloses, starch grains and prismatic crystals were observed. These features agree with previous reports for the genus.

scholarly journals Longitudinal variation of wood basic density and anatomy of Curatella americana L

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gurgel Vicentin ◽  
José Cambuim ◽  
Sandra Monteiro Borges Florsheim ◽  
Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Longitudinal Variation ◽  
Minimum Diameter ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Curatella Americana L ◽  
Curatella Americana

Studies with Curatella americana L wood are justified due to scarce information about this species. In this context, we collected wood samples from six trees (ages varied between 30-40 years old) planted in Selvíria (MS- Brazil). Our objective was to verify longitudinal variation of basic density and wood anatomy. From each sampled tree, 5 cm thick discs were removed, at three different heights: base of the trunk (≈ 15cm from the ground), DBH (diameter at breast height, 1m30cm from the ground), and top of the trunk (commercial height of tree with a minimum diameter of 5 cm). We use standardized methods for basic density and wood anatomy. According to results, we concluded that basic density, fiber length, fiber wall thickness, vessel element length, vessel diameter, and vessel frequency were influenced by different heights. However, in ray percentage, no significant variation was observed. The basic density correlates positively with length and fiber wall thickness, and negatively with vessel frequency.

Wood anatomy of Australian mirbelioids and allies (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Stepanova ◽  
A. A. Oskolski ◽  
B.-E. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Common Character

Detailed wood anatomical data for 22 species from 11 genera belonging to the tribes Bossiaeeae, Mirbelieae and Hypocalypteae (Fabaceae, subfamily Papilionoideae) are presented. No wood traits to distinguish clearly between the three tribes were found. On the contrary, they share a common character, namely, short vessel elements (distinctly shorter than in the tribe Baphieae, their sister group). This may be interpreted as a synapomorphy for the three tribes. The presence of numerous strongly branched protuberances in chambers of the vestured intervessel pits is seemingly an ancestral condition for this group. The occurrence of tanniniferous tubes in some Daviesia and Gastrolobium species is coherent with a close relationship between the mirbelioid clade and Hypocalypus, the only legume genus where these structures have previously been reported. The accumulation of tannins in ray cells can start at an early stage of their differentiation. The formation of tanniniferous tubes is seemingly a result of uneven elongation of ray cells with and without tannin deposits. In general, wood anatomical characters support the hypothesis (originally proposed in the pre-DNA era, based on morphological, cytological and chemical data) that the monotypic South African tribe Hypocalyptieae has the Australian tribes Bossiaeeae and Mirbelieae as its closest relatives, rather than Cape genistoid legumes.

Wood Anatomy of the Predominantly African Representatives of the Tribe Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Elmar Robbrecht ◽  
Hans Beeckman ◽  
Erik Smets
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Perforation Plates

Wood samples of representatives of Chassalia, Chazaliella, Gaertnera, Hymenocoleus, Pagamea and Psychotria are examined. The generic delimitation of these predominantly African Psychotrieae, which is mainly based on fruit morphology, is compared with wood anatomical variation patterns. Part of the variation observed is related to habit, e. g. wide vessels in the tree species Psychotria dermatophylla. Other features do have systematic significance, as shown by a cluster analysis of the data obtained. The genus pair Gaertnera/Pagamea differs obviously from the other genera and is wood anatomically clearly distinguished by the presence of fibre-tracheids and parenchyma bands. Chassalia, Chazaliella, Hymenocoleus and Psychotria have rather similar wood structure, although variation in vessel diameter, vessel arrangement, ray composition and axial parenchyma occurs. Several uncommon features are recorded: the presence of few to numerous openings in one oblique perforation plate, irregular reticulate perforation plates and multiple vessel-ray perforations with marked irregularity.

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