Effect of Neofabraea Alba on Bark and Wood Anatomy of Fraxinus Spp

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Guillermo Angeles ◽  
Gerard C. Adams ◽  
Melodie L. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Tissue

The anatomy of an unusual canker on Fraxinus spp. was investigated with elastomer microcasts. The canker was caused by a new fungal disease, 'Coin Canker of Ash', affecting nursery stock in Northeastern North America. Cankers on bark surfaces were remarkably round and coppercolored. Diseased areas of stems had non-parallel orientations of axial parenchyma tissue as well as of the rays, vessel elements and fibers in contrast to healthy areas. Bark in diseased areas of stems was eroded beneath the surface and a callus was produced along the margins of damage that filled the cavity of eroded tissue. Diseased areas had large aggregates of sclereids compared to healthy areas. Ray initials in diseased areas of the stem were shorter, multiseriate and 3–10 or more cells in width compared to the longer uni- and biseriate initials in healthy areas. Wood in diseased areas had circular vessels in tangential view due to a change in the shapes of individual vessel elements, compared to parallel and straight vessels in healthy areas. Individual elements became spindleshaped and gave rise to zigzag vessels. The fungal pathogen, Neofabraea alba, appeared to alter the way in which cambial cells differentiated.

Comparative Structure Of Vascular Cambium And Its Derivatives In Some Species Of Sterculia

IAWA Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Rao ◽  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
T. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
The South ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Comparative Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

Structural variations in cambium, xylem and phloem collected from main trunks of Sterculia colorata, S. alata, S. villosa, S. urens and S. foetida growing in the South Dangs forests were studied. In all five species, the cambium was storied with variations in the length of fusiform cambial cells. Compared to other species S. foetida had the longest and S. urens the shortest fusiform cambial cells. Cambial rays in all the species were compound (tall) and heterocellular with sheath cells. Their height and width were maximal in S. foetida and in S. villosa respectively. In all the species the storied nature of fusiform cambial cells was maintained in derivative cells that developed into sieve tube elements; vessel elements and axial parenchyma of both phloem and xylem. However, fibres of phloem and xylem were nonstoried. The dimensions of elements in phloem and xylem varied among the species. The variation in the mean length of sieve tube elements and vessel members coincided with that of fusiform cambial cells.

scholarly journals WOOD ANATOMY OF SEVEN SPECIES KNOWN AS "PAU-PARA-TUDO" IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claúdia Luizon Dias Leme
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Drimys Brasiliensis ◽  
Perforation Plates

ABSTRACT Different medicinal plant species can be sold under the same common name. Considering the importance of the correct identification, this study aims to separate, using wood anatomy, seven species popularly known as pau-para-tudo. The results show that Drimys brasiliensis is separated from the others by the presence of tracheids. Capsicodendron dinisii hhas scalariform perforation plates and oil cells associated with the axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric and in marginal bands beyond the rays' width, can separate Osteophoeum platyspermum from Simaba cedron. Handroanthus serratifolius has the unique presence of the axial unilateral paratracheal parenchyma and storied cell elements (parenchyma, fibers and vessel elements). Rauvolfia sellowii and Leptolobium dasycarpum can be separated by the number of square/upright marginal ray cells, greater in Rauvolfia sellowii. Thus, this work shows that wood anatomy is a valuable tool for species separation, helps with the identification and consequently is important for the quality control of plant product.

Xylem Anatomy Of Diegodendron HumbertΠ

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Dickison
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Type ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates

The first description of the wood of the monotypic Madagascan genus Diegodendron is provided. The xylem of D. humbertii is characterised by short , solitary vessel elements with alternate lateral wall pitting and simple perforation plates, imperforate tracheary elements of the libriform fibre type, nearly all biseriate, imperfectly storied, homogeneous rays composed of procumbent cells only, and diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The specialised wood anatomy of Diegodendron supports a close alliance with both Sphaerosepalaceae and Malvales.

Wood Anatomy of Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Hayden ◽  
Mark P. Simmons ◽  
Linda J. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Wood anatomy of 29 specimens of seven species of Amanoa from tropieal Africa, South America, and the Caribbean is described. The wood is diffuse-porous with most vessels in short radial multiples. Vessel elements are notably long, have simple perforation plates and smalI, alternate intervessel pits; tyloses are present in heartwood. Libriform wood fibres bear thick walls. Axial parenchyma distribution is diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates. Chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma is common. Rays are heterocellular, narrow, and very tal!. The species examined, all from moist lowland forests, have similar wood structure. Wood of Amanoa resembles that of other primitive Euphorbiaceae.

Wood Anatomy of Trees and Shrubs from China. IV. Ulmaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhong ◽  
P. Baas ◽  
E.A. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

The wood anatomy of 37 species belonging to the eight genera of Ulmaceae native to China is described. The wood of Chinese Ulmaceae is characterised by mostly simple perforations (sporadic scalariform plates occur in Hemiptelea and Zelkova); altemate, non-vestured intervessel pits; relatively short vessel elements and fibres; non septate fibres with simple to minutely bordered pits confined to the radial walls; mainly paratracheal parenchyma; rays rarely higher than 1 mm. Tanniniferous tubes are reported for the first time in Ulmaceae; they are limited to the genus Pteroceltis. Other, sporadically occurring features such as perforated ray and axial parenchyma cells and perforated fibres are also reported for the first time.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la madera de las especies mexicanas de Salvia sección Erythrostachys Epl. (Lamiaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Ceja-Romero ◽  
Carmen de la Paz Pérez-Olvera ◽  
Jesús Rivera-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

The wood anatomy of Salvia pubescens, S. regla, and S. sessei is described. These species are included within the section Erythrostachys, subgenus Calosphace, genus Salvia. Two samples were collected for each species to obtain permanent slides. Transverse, radial and tangential sections were used to describe the anatomy of each taxon. The wood has ring porosity, the tangential vessel diameter is small (34-85 μm), the vessel elements are short (94-257 μm) with alternate pitting, helical thickenings and simple perforation plates. Vasicentric tracheids are present. Axial parenchyma is paratracheal scanty, apotracheal diffuse, and marginal. Rays are uniseriate and multiseriate, heterogeneous, aggregate and non aggregate. Libriform fibers are septate and non septate. Gums, tyloses, starch grains and prismatic crystals were observed. These features agree with previous reports for the genus.

scholarly journals Estudo anatômico do xilema secundário de Cassia corymbosa Lam. (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

 This paper describes the wood anatomy of Cassia corymbosa Lam. (Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae), a small ornamental shrub with yellow flowers, commonly named int the State of Rio Grande do Sul as "Fedegoso".The most important anatomical characteristics observed was the presence of short vessel elements with small diameter and simple perforation plates, rays of Heterogeneous II type, libriform non-septate fibers, and scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma axial parencgyma.

scholarly journals Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem of Citharexylum myrianthum (Verbenaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Regina Marcati ◽  
Leandro Roberto Longo ◽  
Alex Wiedenhoeft ◽  
Claudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Root and stem wood anatomy of C. myrianthum (Verbenaceae) from a semideciduous seasonal forest in Botucatu municipality (22º52’20”S and 48º26’37”W), São Paulo state, Brazil, were studied. Growth increments demarcated by semi-ring porosity and marginal bands of axial parenchyma were observed in the wood of both root and stem. Many qualitative features were the same in both root and stem: fine helical thickenings, and simple and multiple perforation plates in vessel elements; large quantities of axial parenchyma in the growth rings, grading from marginal bands and confluent forming irregular bands in earlywood to lozenge aliform in latewood; axial parenchyma cells forked, and varied wall projections and undulations; septate fibres; forked and diverse fibre endings. Quantitative features differing between root and stem wood were evaluated using student’s t-test, and vessel frequency, vessel element length, vessel diameter, ray height, and vulnerability and mesomorphy indices differed significantly. Root wood had lower frequency of vessels, narrower and longer vessel elements, and taller rays than wood of the stem. The calculated vulnerability and mesomorphy indices indicated that C. myrianthum plants are mesomorphic. Roots seem to be more susceptible to water stress than the stem.

Wood Anatomy of the Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wheeler ◽  
Sung Jae Lee ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Wood anatomical data for all three extant genera of the Altingiaceae and 23 of the 27 extant genera of the Hamamelidaceae were compiled in an effort to find features distinctive to genera, tribes, or subfamilies within these families. All genera studied have diffuse porous wood (except Corylopsis which tends to be semi-ring porous), vessels are predominantly solitary and narrow (<100 μm, usually <50 μm) and angular in outline, vessel elements are long (>800 μm) with scalariform perforation plates with average bar numbers of 9–44, intervessel pits are mainly scalariform to opposite, vessel-ray parenchyma pits are scalariform with slightly reduced borders and usually are in the square to upright marginal ray parenchyma cells, rays are heterocellular and narrow, usually 1–3-seriate. Although the wood anatomy of both families is relatively homogeneous, it is possible to key out many genera using a combination of qualitative (presence/absence and location of helical thickenings in vessel elements and fibers, crystal occurrence, axial parenchyma abundance, degree of ray heterogeneity) and quantitative features (number of bars per perforation plate and ray width). Helical thickenings are present throughout the vessel elements in three genera (Loropetalum, Altingia, Semiliquidambar) and are restricted to the vessel element tails in two genera (Corylopsis, Liquidambar). Loropetalum has helical thickenings in ground tissue fibers as well. Axial parenchyma abundance varies from scarce to relatively abundant diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates. One clade of the tribe Fothergilleae (Distylium, Distyliopsis, Sycopsis, Shaniodendron, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis) has more abundant axial parenchyma and is characterized by narrow, usually interrupted bands of apotracheal parenchyma. Nearly exclusively uniseriate rays occur in some species of Hamamelis and in Exbucklandia, Chunia, Dicoryphe, and Fothergilla. These data on extant Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae not only provide information relevant for systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy and wood identification, but also give context for reviewing the fossil woods assigned to them. A new combination is proposed for the Miocene Liquidambar hisauchii (Watari) Suzuki & Watari from Japan: Altingia hisauchii (Watari) Wheeler, Baas & Lee.

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