Structure of the Vessel-Parenchyma Pit Membrane in Some Species of Lauraceae

The structure of root and rhizome tracheary cells of Asplenium spp. (Filicales, Pteridophyta) growing in NW Argentina was studied using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In all cases, tracheary cells consisted of tracheids with various facets, mainly with scalariform pitting. With SEM, intertracheary pit membranes appeared smooth and non porose in most cases. In some instances, porose or web-like to thread-like pit membranes were noticed in rhizome tracheids. Under TEM secondary walls displayed a smooth and uniform appearance. Pit membranes showed a variation in thickness in presumed association with their maturation stage. More mature tracheary cells showed pit membranes with a mesh-like aspect and visible openings or pores. These characteristics are attributed to pit membrane hydrolysis, which facilitates water transport among tracheary cells.

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Microanalytical techniques for phenotyping secondary xylem

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-bja10034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 356-389

Author(s):

Nadeeshani Karannagoda ◽

Antanas Spokevicius ◽

Steven Hussey ◽

Gerd Bossinger

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Secondary Xylem ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Secondary Tissue ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The products of secondary xylem are of significant biological and commercial importance, and as a result, the biology of secondary growth and how intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence this process have been the subject of intense investigation. Studies into secondary xylem range in scale from the cellular to the forest stand level, with phenotypic analyses often involving the assessment of traits relating to cell morphology and cell wall chemical composition. While numerous techniques are currently available for phenotypic analyses of samples containing abundant amounts of secondary tissue, only a few of them (microanalytical techniques) are suitable when working with limiting amounts of secondary tissue or where a fine-scale resolution of morphological features or cell wall chemical composition is required. While polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray scattering and micro-tomography techniques serve as the most frequently used microanalytical techniques in morphotyping, techniques such as scanning ultraviolet microspectrophotometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry serve as the most commonly used microanalytical techniques in chemotyping. Light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy serve as dual micro morphotyping and chemotyping techniques. In this review, we summarise and discuss these techniques in the light of their applicability as microanalytical techniques to study secondary xylem.

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Cryo-scanning electron microscopy studies of pits in Pinus Wallichiana and Mallotus Japonicus

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 257-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anita Roth-Nebelsick ◽

Dagmar Voigt ◽

Stanislav Gorb

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Freezing Process ◽

Native State ◽

Future Studies ◽

Pinus Wallichiana ◽

Pit Membrane ◽

Mallotus Japonicus ◽

Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron

Pits of a softwood (Pinus wallichiana) and a hardwood (Mallotus japonicus) were studied by Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). The samples were chemically untreated and fully hydrated during freezing. Tori of P. wallichiana were frequently aspirated. It is not clear whether torus aspiration was caused by the freezing process or other factors during preparation. Aspirated tori had a turgid appearance. Offcenter aspirated tori which did not completely cover the pit pore could be detected. The margo strands were usually quite large and fanned out into fibrillar structures at the pit border. Pit membranes of M. japonicus had a very granular appearance. No fibrillar structures, different layers or pores could be detected. The granular structures may have developed from a continuous layer covering the pit membrane during freezing. Cryo-SEM is discussed as a further suitable tool for obtaining novel information about the native state of pit membranes. Future studies are needed to validate whether all observed features represent characteristics of the native state.

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Sem Observations on Trabeculae in Abies Sachalinensis

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000909 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Jun Ohtani

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Secondary Xylem ◽

Abies Sachalinensis ◽

Scanning Electron

The morphology of normal and abnormal trabeculae were observed in the secondary xylem of Abies sachalinensis using scanning electron microscopy. Both the usual types of trabeculae and the various abnormalities observed are described and illustrated.

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Leaf and stem anatomy in eight Hypericum species (Clusiaceae)

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.2478/botcro-2013-0008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 269-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rosaria Perrone ◽

Paolode Rosa ◽

Olgade Castro ◽

Paolo Colombo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Secondary Xylem ◽

Histochemical Staining ◽

Stem Anatomy ◽

Primitive Type ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Hypericum Species ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract - Foliar micromorphology, epicuticular wax morphology and anatomical features of leaves and stem, particularly secondary xylem, were examined with light microscopy, general and histochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy in eight Hypericum species. Outer tegument tissue and type of secondary xylem are determining characteristics. Secondary xylem is ring-porous in H. perforatum, H. perfoliatum, H. tetrapterum, H. triquetrifolium, H. androsaemum and H. hircinum. In H. aegypticum and H. pubescens xylem is diffuse-porous, which is considered to be a more primitive type. These characteristics may be considered an additional criterion for species identification.

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Variation in the Structure of Intertracueary Pit Membranes in Abies Sacualinensis, as Observed by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90001561 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 375-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yuzou Sano ◽

Yuko Kawakami ◽

Jun Ohtani

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Field Emission ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Annual Ring ◽

Abies Sachalinensis ◽

Bordered Pit ◽

Pit Membrane ◽

Frequency Occurrence ◽

Scanning Electron

An examination was made of the fine structure of bordered pit membranes in the radial walls between tracheids in the outer sapwood of Abies sachalinensis to improve our understanding of the so-called extended torus, the minute holes in the torus and the imperforate zone near the periphery of the pit membranes, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that a so-called extended torus was present in many bordered pit membranes. We examined the frequency occurrence of and variations in the extended torus within a single annual ring. The frequency tended to increase from the earlywood to the latewood within a single annual ring. In the tori of many bordered pit membranes, we detected minute holes, and the number and location of such minute holes in a single torus varied among individual pit membranes. The appearance of each minute hole also varied. An imperforate zone was observed near the periphery of the pit membrane. In this imperforate zone, we found amorphous materials, and fine fibrils were visible that were an extension of the fibrillar meshwork of the margo.

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Pathogenesis of Human Hair Defects

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005007x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 12-13

Author(s):

P.S. Porter ◽

T. Aoyagi ◽

R. Matta

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Human Hair ◽

Standard Techniques ◽

Scanning Electron

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.

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Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080614 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 638-639

Author(s):

P.J. Dailey

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Secretory Vesicles ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Means Of Transmission ◽

Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

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Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081279 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 82-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nakazo Watari ◽

Yasuaki Hotta ◽

Yoshio Mabuchi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Identical Cell ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

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Spontaneous Cataract in Nude Athymic Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079991 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 512-513

Author(s):

Ronald H. Bradley ◽

R. S. Berk ◽

L. D. Hazlett

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Nude Mouse ◽

Cellular Immunity ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Athymic Mice ◽

Transmission Microscopy ◽

Mouse Lens ◽

Scanning Electron

The nude mouse is a hairless mutant (homozygous for the mutation nude, nu/nu), which is born lacking a thymus and possesses a severe defect in cellular immunity. Spontaneous unilateral cataractous lesions were noted (during ocular examination using a stereomicroscope at 40X) in 14 of a series of 60 animals (20%). This transmission and scanning microscopic study characterizes the morphology of this cataract and contrasts these data with normal nude mouse lens.All animals were sacrificed by an ether overdose. Eyes were enucleated and immersed in a mixed fixative (1% osmium tetroxide and 6% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 0-4°C) for 3 hours, dehydrated in graded ethanols and embedded in Epon-Araldite for transmission microscopy. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy were fixed similarly, dehydrated in graded ethanols, then to graded changes of Freon 113 and ethanol to 100% Freon 113 and critically point dried in a Bomar critical point dryer using Freon 13 as the transition fluid.

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