Identification Manual of Endangered and Precious Woods in Common Trade (in Chinese). Yafang Yin and Xiaomei Jiang (eds.), Feng Xu, Xiaomiao Sun, and Lichao Jiao (assoc. eds.), 171 pp., colour illus., 2015

IAWA Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Common Trade ◽  
Identification Manual

scholarly journals Model of the co-operative trade alliance for independent retail networks in Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384
Author(s):  
Marek Záboj
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Negotiation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Fast Moving Consumer Goods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Trade ◽  
The Given ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
Transnational Trade

The main objective of the contribution is proposal of the model of co-operative trade alliance for independent trade alliances with fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Czech Republic. Reason of the choice of this topic is sustain of variety of retail formats in Czech market in connection with position small and medium sized trade firms in comparison with transnational trade chains. Independent trade firms face to much bigger competitors operating supermarkets and hypermarkets, namely not even in size of sales area, width and depth of the assortment but also in possibility of negotiation of more profitable trade conditions with their suppliers. Effort of these independent trade firms, which operate mostly just in local or maximally regional market, is then mutual co-operation in form of consumer co-operatives, associations, alliances and networks. These groupings then mainly through common trade negotiation and purchase get for much more advantageous delivery and payment conditions from their suppliers. Besides they can participate in mutual financing of using of promotion instruments. Partial aim of the paper is investigation of opinion and willingness of Czech trade alliances with FMCG to utilize the opportunity of mutual co-operation in common trade alliance. Next partial goal is identification of the factors affecting formation of joint co-operative grouping and its structure, eventually definition of entry conditions which should be fulfilled by individual members.The system approach will be used to realize the given objective. This approach appears as the most suitable in consideration of anticipated structure and character of supposed model. The result will be then proposal of model of mutual co-operation between individual trade alliances.

scholarly journals The competences of European Union institutions in the trade policy (Lisbon Treaty)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Timbur
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
International Negotiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Trade ◽  
The Impact

The European Union is the best known at the world’s leading trade power and the common trade policy is the core of EU external relations. The events of the last years and the extension of the EU to 27 member proved that the functioning system could no longer continue and was requiring a new institutional framework. The Lisbon Treaty was the right solution. It purposes are to bring changes for the citizens, institutions, external relations foe the consolidation of democracy in EU. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the major revisions introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon regarding the trade policy. Also, it analyses the extension and clarification of EU competence, the greater role of the European Parliament and the inclusion of investment policy in trade policy, the voting rules in trade area and the international negotiation of trade agreements. The study describes, as well, the impact of Lisbon Treaty implementation on the MS which are independent nations, but without power of decision in the common trade policy.

scholarly journals Seed Identification Manual

1963 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Phil D. Goodrum ◽  
Alexander C. Martin ◽  
William D. Barkley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Identification ◽  
Identification Manual

Front commun syndical et nouveau pacte social

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Léon-Eli Troclet
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Social Pact ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Common Trade

I . Confronted with the acuteness of the socio-economic problems the two major labour organizations (i.e. : the socialist and the christiandemocratic trade union confederation) have in 1976 strengthened their «Common Trade Unions' Front» (with about two million members on a total of 2,300,000 wage- and salary earners in Belgium) in view of their negotiations with employers and with the government, to which the trade unions have submitted a common platform.The common front, that has its antecedents on the local, regional and professional level has never been and never will be of a permanent nature, some sort of organic unit. Each confederation maintains its own identity and the front is meant to be re-animated according to the circumstances.II. From the employers' side (and to some extent completely independent from the trade unions' common front) representatives of employers' organizations have «as a personal point of view» and, no doubt, as a preliminary approach, launched the idea that a new and very comprehensive «social pact» should be negotiated.  The socialist trade unions clearly tend to reject this idea, since it maywell lead to a further integration in the capitalist system, whereas the christiandemocratic union seems to be rather in favour of such a pact.In the present state of affairs (end of June, 1977) the probability that it be realized is rather low indeed.

scholarly journals Differential Evolution with Novel Mutation and Adaptive Crossover Strategies for Solving Large Scale Global Optimization Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Wagdy Mohamed ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Almazyad
Keyword(s):  
Global Optimization ◽  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Mutation Strategy ◽  
Common Trade

This paper presents Differential Evolution algorithm for solving high-dimensional optimization problems over continuous space. The proposed algorithm, namely, ANDE, introduces a new triangular mutation rule based on the convex combination vector of the triplet defined by the three randomly chosen vectors and the difference vectors between the best, better, and the worst individuals among the three randomly selected vectors. The mutation rule is combined with the basic mutation strategy DE/rand/1/bin, where the new triangular mutation rule is applied with the probability of 2/3 since it has both exploration ability and exploitation tendency. Furthermore, we propose a novel self-adaptive scheme for gradual change of the values of the crossover rate that can excellently benefit from the past experience of the individuals in the search space during evolution process which in turn can considerably balance the common trade-off between the population diversity and convergence speed. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on the 20 standard high-dimensional benchmark numerical optimization problems for the IEEE CEC-2010 Special Session and Competition on Large Scale Global Optimization. The comparison results between ANDE and its versions and the other seven state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms that were all tested on this test suite indicate that the proposed algorithm and its two versions are highly competitive algorithms for solving large scale global optimization problems.

scholarly journals Seed Identification Manual.

1977 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
A. J. Willis ◽  
A. C. Martin ◽  
W. D. Barkley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Identification ◽  
Identification Manual

Das Recht des Getreidehandels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Hille
Keyword(s):  
German Law ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Common Trade

Grain trade law appeared to be one of the unattended domains at the edge of legal matters for a long time. This insightful and comprehensive contemplation, including classical grain trade as well as commodity securities, aims at closing this gap between agricultural and commercial law. This dissertation appears in a derivative form itself and follows common trade practices. On the one hand, the emphasis is on the legal foundation of classic grain trade with actually delivered goods. On the other hand, the focus lies on commodity derivatives law. To that extent, the author examines the requirements of European Law (especially MiFID II) and its implementation into national German law. In the final analysis, this system is examined in comparison with that of the United States. For that reason, the work is aimed at academics as well as traders.

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