Ecological wood anatomy of Alnus nepalensis (Betulaceae) throughout Nepal

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
Shuichi Noshiro ◽  
Mitsuo Suzuki ◽  
Lajmina Joshi ◽  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Hideaki Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Alnus Nepalensis ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Pioneer Tree

Abstract Variation in the wood structure of Alnus nepalensis D. Don (Betulaceae) in relation to tree size and habitat altitude was studied in four areas of Nepal: Tamur, Rolwaling, Budi Gandaki, and Bajhang-Khaptad. Alnus nepalensis is a pioneer tree distributed in the Himalayas from northern India to southwestern China and grows throughout Nepal in a wide altitudinal range from 200 m in the tropical zone to 3030 m at the upper limit of the temperate zone. Ecological trends in the wood structure of Alnus nepalensis varied between the studied areas, distinct in the Tamur area, but indistinct in other areas, and tended to be detected in areas with specimens from altitudinal ranges of 2000 m. When all the specimens were separated at 1800 m in elevation and analyzed as two altitudinal groups, features of vessel size and distribution and the ratio of solitary vessels had a significant correlation with tree height in both groups, and tall trees tended to have larger, more solitary vessels. Vessel element and fiber lengths did not have any significant trends in the lower group but had a negative correlation with altitude in the upper group along with the reduction of tree height. Thus, vessel size seems to facilitate the height growth of this pioneer tree, and shorter tracheary elements and more vessel multiples seem to be related to the adaptation of smaller trees at higher elevations.

Ecological Wood Anatomy of Miconia Sellowiana (Melastomataceae) in three vegetation types of paraná state, Brazil

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bosio ◽  
Patrícia Soffiatti ◽  
Maria Regina Torres Boeger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Foliar Morphology

Miconia sellowiana (Melastomataceae), a widespread species occurring in Araucaria Forest, Montane Dense Forest and Upper Montane Forest (Paraná state, Brazil) has a highly variable foliar morphology. This study investigated whether the wood anatomy follows this pattern influenced by environmental conditions. Samples of six individuals per area were collected, fixed and prepared, according to standard techniques in wood anatomy. ANOVA indicated differences for length and diameter of vessel elements and fibres, fibre wall thickness, width of rays and ray frequency, especially regarding the population of the Upper Montane Forest. The secondary xylem from this vegetation is characterized by shorter vessel elements and fibres, thicker fibre walls and wider rays. These characteristics are associated to a certain degree of water stress imposed to the plants in the Upper Montane Forest, mainly due to the shallow neosol soils. The Araucaria Forest and the Montane Dense Forest have more similar environmental conditions, supported by the Cluster analysis. The Principal Components Analysis explained 98% of the total variance, where fibre and vessel element lengths showed a posi-tive correlation; however, this analysis did not allow the separation of three distinct groups. Although less pronounced, the wood anatomical differences corroborate the results obtained with foliar morphology, where leaves from the Upper Montane Forest presented the most xeric characteristics among the populations of Miconia sellowiana studied.

Functional and Ecological Wood Anatomy Some Introductory Comments

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Baas ◽  
Regis B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy

Wood Anatomy of Elm (Ulmus) and Hackberry (Celtis) Species Native to the United States

IAWA Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Wheeler ◽  
C. A. LaPasha ◽  
R. B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Celtis Pallida ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Wood anatomy of Ulmus and Celtis species (Ulmaceae) native to the United States is described. Ulmus differs from ring-porous species of Celtis in ray structure, crystallocation, and colour and fluorescence of water extracts. The soft elms/non-winged bark species (Ulmus americana and Ulmus rubra) differ from the hard elms/winged bark species (U. alata, U. crassifolia, U. serotina, and U. thomasii) in density, earlywood pore diameter, and appearance of crystal-containing axial parenchyma. Some species of hard elm can be distinguished from one another by a combination of characters: water extract colour and fluorescence, earlywood pore diameter and spacing. The anatomy of ring-porous species of Celtis is unifonn, except that in C. reticulata earlywood pores have a smaller radial diameter than the other species. Celtis pallida is diffuse-porous and resembles other diffuse-porous species of the genus. Vessel element lengths are similar for all species within these two genera regardless of habitat.

Ecological wood anatomy of NepaleseRhododendron (Ericaceae). 1. Interspecific variation

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Noshiro ◽  
Mitsuo Suzuki ◽  
Hideaki Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy

Ecological wood anatomy ofAlnus nepalensis (Betulaceae) in East Nepal

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Noshiro ◽  
Lajmina Joshi ◽  
Mitsuo Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF VESSEL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE XYLEM OF ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS (MATÉ-TREE) FROM SOUTH BRAZIL

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Dünisch ◽  
Carlos Bruno Reissmann ◽  
Afonso Oliszeski
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Vessel Element Length ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
South Brazil

In this study the wood anatomy of two leaf-morphotypes (“Yellow” and “Grey”) of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) from South Brazil was compared with special attention to vessel attributes and a possible relationship of leaf morphology and wood structure. Sampling was carried out in a 15-year-old plantation in the state of Paraná, South Brazil. The anatomy of the juvenile and mature wood of five male and five female plants of each morphotype was investigated by light microscopy. In all plants the increment and the proportion of vessels decreased from pith to cambium, while vessel element length increased. Plants of the morphotype “Grey” had shorter vessel members (157–382 μm) and a lower number of bars per perforation plate (14–15) compared to the plants of the morphotype “Yellow” (vessel member length: 304–567 μm, bars: 22–24). No significant differences were found between the wood of male and female plants.

Wood Anatomy of Lithraea Ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Martijena
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

A description of the wood structure of Lithraea ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae) is given. It is diffuse-porous, with pores solitary, in multiples, clusters and in chains, and small vessels with simple perforation plates. The rays are uni- and multiseriate, heterogeneous. It has paratracheal axial parenchyma and libriform fibres. Disjunctive cells and crystalliferous strands are present. The hydraulic tissue seems weil adapted to prolonged dry periods. One growth ring is generally formed each year. Moreover, other types of growth layers are delineated: intra-annual, lens-, half-Iens-, and arcshaped.

A comparison of xylem vessel metrics between tropical and temperate Rhododendron species across elevation ranges

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatpong Tulyananda ◽  
Erik T. Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Vessel Structure ◽  
Evergreen Shrubs ◽  
Safety Metrics

Research on tree vascular traits has demonstrated an important trade-off between safety and efficiency of wood, such that tropical trees have more efficient xylem than temperate trees. However, this trade-off is equivocal for plants with non-tree architecture. So as to test the trade-off between safety and efficiency in evergreen shrubs, xylem traits of temperate and tropical Rhododendrons were compared. Rhododendron diversified from the temperate zone of Asia into the Malesian tropical zone, which makes this monophyletic group an excellent subject for testing the trade-off in vessel structure in evergreen shrubs. We hypothesised that twig wood of temperate Rhododendron species would have safe twig xylem, whereas that of tropical Rhododendron species would be more efficient. In the present study, safety refers to protection against freeze–thaw-induced embolism. Twig wood anatomy of accessions representing 60 species of Rhododendron was assayed. Most vessel traits of temperate species were significantly safer than those of tropical species, supporting the trade-off in this group. Some safety metrics of the twig xylem increased with an increase in native-range elevation. The adaptive changes in twig wood metrics were small, which means that stomatal conductance is constrained by limited hydraulic conductance in both temperate and tropical species of Rhododendron. This constraint has significant implications to the ecology of Rhododendron.

ECOLOGICAL WOOD ANATOMY OF OCOTEA CURUCUTUENSIS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo L. Longui ◽  
Amanda Assad ◽  
Frederico A.R.D.P. Arzolla ◽  
Francisco E.S.P. Vilela ◽  
João B. Baitello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
The State ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Ecological Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Anatomical Information ◽  
Two Populations

We studied wood anatomy and specific gravity in a total of 18 trees of Ocotea curucutuensis, a recently described species, lacking wood anatomical information. Nine sample trees were obtained in each of two areas, Pico do Itapeva (PI) and Núcleo Curucutu (NC), both in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. These areas have marked differences in precipitation, altitude, and temperature. Anatomical differences between the two populations appeared related to tree size, and possibly indirectly to climate. Higher wood specific gravity related with the smaller diameter in NC trees is hypothesized to contribute to mechanical support of the epiphyte-laden trees and to resistance against the prevailing strong winds.

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