scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF VESSEL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE XYLEM OF ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS (MATÉ-TREE) FROM SOUTH BRAZIL

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Dünisch ◽  
Carlos Bruno Reissmann ◽  
Afonso Oliszeski
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Vessel Element Length ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
South Brazil

In this study the wood anatomy of two leaf-morphotypes (“Yellow” and “Grey”) of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) from South Brazil was compared with special attention to vessel attributes and a possible relationship of leaf morphology and wood structure. Sampling was carried out in a 15-year-old plantation in the state of Paraná, South Brazil. The anatomy of the juvenile and mature wood of five male and five female plants of each morphotype was investigated by light microscopy. In all plants the increment and the proportion of vessels decreased from pith to cambium, while vessel element length increased. Plants of the morphotype “Grey” had shorter vessel members (157–382 μm) and a lower number of bars per perforation plate (14–15) compared to the plants of the morphotype “Yellow” (vessel member length: 304–567 μm, bars: 22–24). No significant differences were found between the wood of male and female plants.

Eco-Anatomical Wood Features of Species from a Very Dry Tropical Forest

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Lindorf
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Vessel Element Length ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Hydraulic Safety

In 19 species of a very dry forest in Venezuela vessel diameter, vessel frequency, vessel grouping, vessel element length, and intervessel pit size, were studied and compared with data from other habitats. A predominance of characters that presumably contribute to hydraulic safety was observed: numerous grouped vessels of small diameter, short vessel elements, and minute intervessel pits. In some species, a xeromorphic wood anatomy coexists together with adaptations such as deciduousness, xeromorphic foliage, deep or superficially-extended roots, and succulence. In other species studied, the presence of xerophytic adaptations such as assimilating stems, succulence, and deep roots, seem to mitigate the xeromorphic wood appearance and, to some extent, lend it a mesomorphic character.

Wood Anatomy of Papaveraceae, with Comments on Vessel Restriction Patterns

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Carlquist ◽  
Scott Zona
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Vessel Element Length

Qualitative and quantitative features are reported for Bocconia, Dendromecon, Dicentra, Hunnemannia, and Romneya. Bocconia differs from the other genera by its wide vessels, few per group, and few per mm2; it shows paedomorphosis in vessel element length and ray histology. In respects other than these, it agrees with features common to woody Papaveraceae; these features in turn occur in families of Papaverales (Berberidaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Ranunculaceae): vessels in diagonal groups; presence of both libriform fibres and vasicentric tracheids; nucleated nature of libriform fibres; rays almost exclusively multiseriate; rays wide, tall, and composed mostly of procumbent cells; wood storied to various degrees. Additional features show resemblance between one or more genera of Papaveraceae and other families of Papaverales. Bocconia is distinctive among Papaveraceae in its relatively mesomorphic wood, which may in part be explainable on the basis of stern succulence. The occurrence of avessei restriction pattern - vessels in the centre of fascicular areas (axial portions of secondary xylem between rays) not in contact with rays - in Dicentra and Hunnemannia is like that of other genera of Papaverales such as Nandina. An explanation for the significance of vessel restriction, involving genera other than those of Papaverales (Launea, Valeriana), is attempted.

Wood Anatomy of the Styracaceae: Evolutionary and Ecological Considerations

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Dickison ◽  
Kristen D. Phend
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Vessel Element Length ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Perforation Plates

Woods of over 40 species representing nine genera of Styracaceae were studied. Features present in most taxa include growth rings, diffuse porosity, combinations of both solitaries and pore multiples, exclusively scalariform perforation plates, opposite to alternate intervessel pitting, imperforate tracheary elements with indistinctly bordered pits, both uniseriate and multiseriate heterocellular rays, and axial parenchyma distributed as a combination of diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates, and scanty. Prismatic crystals occur in species of the genera Bruinsmia, Halesia, and Styrax, and silica is present in a few Neotropical species of Styrax. The characteristic solitary pore distribution and high scalariform perforation plate bar number of Huodendron are of potential evolutionary significance. The xylem of Lissocarpa differs from the Styracaceae in possessing more highly evolved vessel elements with both simple and scalariform perforations and prominently banded axial parenchyma. The occurrence of simple perforation plates in the wider, earlywood vessel elements, along with an increased pore frequency and decreased vessel element length, in Styrax platanifolius and S. texanus is documented. Both species inhabit seasonally dry habitats of the southwestern United States, thus supporting similar specialisations observed in other plants growing in xerophytic conditions. The apparent variation in perforation plate condition within different geographic varieties of S. officinalis is discussed. Significant correlations of wood anatomical characters and latitude of provenance are present among species of Styracaceae. Increasing latitude is strongly correlated with increased pore and multiseriate ray frequency, and decreased vessel element length and wall thickness. Increasing latitude is less strongly correlated with an occurrence of decreased pore diameter, increased bar number per perforation plate, increased fibre-tracheid and intervessel pit diameter, and increased frequency of uniseriate rays. Weak correlations are also evident between increasing latitude and shorter ray height and narrower, shorter, and thinner-walled fibre-tracheids.

Wood Anatomy of Lecythidaceae Species called “Tauari”

IAWA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío A. Bernal ◽  
Vera Coradin ◽  
José Camargos ◽  
Cecília Costa ◽  
José Pissarra
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Vessel Element Length ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Important Character

Woods from an important group of Lecythidaceae species called “tauari” can hardly be identified in the field by their gross and general features. In this study we show that, when properly delimited to the genera Allantoma, Cariniana and Couratari, wood anatomical characteristics can be used to identify the species known as “tauari”, even though it is not possible to separate all species. In addition to anatomical characters, wood colour is an important character to help distinguish species of Cariniana and Allantoma from species of Couratari. Detailed wood anatomical descriptions from “tauari” woods Allantoma, Cariniana and Couratari are given and a table with diagnostic differences is presented. Common characters of this group are axial parenchyma in narrow continuous bands, prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and silica bodies in ray cells. Microscopic features that help in species identification are: fibre pitting (minutely or distinctly bordered), traumatic intercellular canals, average vessel diameter, vessel element length, axial parenchyma strand length, and ray height and width.

Wood Anatomy of the Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wheeler ◽  
Sung Jae Lee ◽  
Pieter Baas
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Vessel Element ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings

Wood anatomical data for all three extant genera of the Altingiaceae and 23 of the 27 extant genera of the Hamamelidaceae were compiled in an effort to find features distinctive to genera, tribes, or subfamilies within these families. All genera studied have diffuse porous wood (except Corylopsis which tends to be semi-ring porous), vessels are predominantly solitary and narrow (<100 μm, usually <50 μm) and angular in outline, vessel elements are long (>800 μm) with scalariform perforation plates with average bar numbers of 9–44, intervessel pits are mainly scalariform to opposite, vessel-ray parenchyma pits are scalariform with slightly reduced borders and usually are in the square to upright marginal ray parenchyma cells, rays are heterocellular and narrow, usually 1–3-seriate. Although the wood anatomy of both families is relatively homogeneous, it is possible to key out many genera using a combination of qualitative (presence/absence and location of helical thickenings in vessel elements and fibers, crystal occurrence, axial parenchyma abundance, degree of ray heterogeneity) and quantitative features (number of bars per perforation plate and ray width). Helical thickenings are present throughout the vessel elements in three genera (Loropetalum, Altingia, Semiliquidambar) and are restricted to the vessel element tails in two genera (Corylopsis, Liquidambar). Loropetalum has helical thickenings in ground tissue fibers as well. Axial parenchyma abundance varies from scarce to relatively abundant diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates. One clade of the tribe Fothergilleae (Distylium, Distyliopsis, Sycopsis, Shaniodendron, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis) has more abundant axial parenchyma and is characterized by narrow, usually interrupted bands of apotracheal parenchyma. Nearly exclusively uniseriate rays occur in some species of Hamamelis and in Exbucklandia, Chunia, Dicoryphe, and Fothergilla. These data on extant Altingiaceae and Hamamelidaceae not only provide information relevant for systematic, phylogenetic and ecological wood anatomy and wood identification, but also give context for reviewing the fossil woods assigned to them. A new combination is proposed for the Miocene Liquidambar hisauchii (Watari) Suzuki & Watari from Japan: Altingia hisauchii (Watari) Wheeler, Baas & Lee.

Cleistes pallida (Orchidaceae Vanilloideae): a new species from South Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 349 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
LUÍS ADRIANO FUNEZ ◽  
EMERSON RICARDO PANSARIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A New Species ◽  
South Brazil

Cleistes pallida, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated. The relationship of this new species to other taxa of the genus are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Psychological Hardiness with Work Holism

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohamad Khaledian ◽  
Banafshe Hasanvand ◽  
Sohrab Hassan Pour
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
High School Teacher ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Psychological Hardiness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

Background and Aim: Present research intends to investigate relationship of psychological hardiness with work holism among high school teachers. Methods: The under study society includes all male and female high school teacher in Ghorveh city in the academic year 2012-2013. Using simple random sampling method, a sample size of 100 male and female teachers was selected. To collect data, Kobassa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire and Aghabeigi Workaholics Questionnaire were employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test and regression analysis) were used. Results: The findings indicated that there is negative and significant relationship between the variables psychological hardiness and work holism. In addition, there is association between gender and psychological hardiness and between gender and work holism, also the constituents of psychological hardiness (commitment, control and challenge) are able to predict work holism.

scholarly journals Length-Weight Relationship and Sex Ratio of Amblypharyngodon Mola in Dekar Haor of Sunamganj, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
PR Das ◽  
MS Uddin ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
M Biswas ◽  
MR Mia
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Average Ratio ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
R Value ◽  
Relationship Of

The study was carried out to determine length-weight relationship and sex ratio of a freshwater fish Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton 1822) collected from Dekar haor of Sunamganj district during the period of January to August 2017. A total of 2000 fishes were collected for the study and categorized these fishes into three groups namely males, females and combined sexes. Among 2000 mola 777 were male and 1223 were female. Length-weight equations and the correlation coefficients obtained for males, females and combined ones were: males Y = –1.97 + 3.00X, r = 0.883; females Y = –2.30 + 3.41X, r = 0.914 and combined Y = –2.11 + 3.16X, r = 0.904. Female’s A. mola attained more weight with the increases in length. Value of correlation coefficient ‘r’ was 0.883 for male and exhibited highly positive correlation between length and weight. On the contrary, ‘r’ value for female was 0.914 and it had also strongly positive correlation between length and weight relationships. Length-weight relationship of A. mola for male, female and combined sexes showed allometric pattern of growth. Condition factor ‘K’ for male, female and combined sexes was 1.09, 1.05 and 1.06, respectively and indicated better condition of fishes. The highest sex ratio (1 : 2.05) was found in May and the lowest (1 : 1.33) was in February. Dominance of females over males throughout the year was observed with an average ratio of male and female 1 : 1.57. Therefore, results of the study indicate that the existing hydrobiological conditions of the haor are conducive for food availability, free movement, feeding and better growth of the fish. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 185-193, December 2018

scholarly journals Relation between swine weight and morphometric measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e891998013
Author(s):  
Mônica Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carneiro de Holanda ◽  
Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Large White ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objective was to define a mathematical model that better explain the relationship of the animals weight depending not only on the animals age but also on the animals morphometric measurements. 40 piglets, half Duroc-Large White blood, were used, 20 males and 20 females, from 3 to 35 days of age (lactation phase) initially weighing 1.518 ± 0.121 kg and from 36 to 66 days of age (calving phase) with a body weight of 7.010 ± 0.704 kg. The animals were weighed weekly on a digital balance. The relationship of animal weight, age and morphometric measurements of male and female piglets were performed using regression models: existing, linear and power. The models were evaluated according to nine criterialinear model was the most adequate to explain the weight of male pigs, while for female pigs was the power. The age of the pig, the shank and palette length, as well as the circumference of the shank jointly explain the weight of the male piglets. The weight of females is explained jointly by age, body length, thorax and hip circumference.

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