Persian Treatises on Āyurveda: The Shaping of a Genre

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-122
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Speziale
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment ◽  
Foreign Materials

Abstract This article examines the translation of foreign materials into post-Abbasid Muslim medical culture by looking at the production of Persian works dealing with Ayurvedic medicine. From the 14th century onwards, the composition of Persian texts on Āyurveda emerged in South Asia as a new genre of writing, which was actually a composite genre including various kinds of texts. The Muslim physicians incorporate the other’s learning not by rejecting the principles of their receiving culture but rather by empirically applying the logic of their principles in understanding the foreign environment and the receiving culture. The composition of new texts on Āyurveda in Persian constitutes a prominent aspect of this engagement as well as a central element of the creation of a Persianised version of Ayurvedic treatment more likely to be circulated among Indian Muslim physicians. The Persian treatises apply new linguistic and cognitive categories to the analysis of the translated material; the interpretation based on the criteria of the receiving culture is added to, and sometimes replaces, the criteria of the source culture.

Religion, nationalism, and gender: Perspective from South Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 205789111989852
Author(s):  
Nandini Deo
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
British Colonies

Religious mobilization often takes the form of engagement with “the woman question”: how should women as carriers of culture comport themselves? This article shows that many of the debates over the role of women and religion in South Asia are misunderstood when they are seen as instances of religious fundamentalism. Rather, the theoretical framework to make sense of public religion and gender debates should be through the lens of postcolonial nationalism. The creation and consolidation of the nation is what is at stake—not the creation of the religious community as such. In order to make this argument, the article offers both a review of the literature on secularism and gender as well as short case studies from India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These three former British colonies have each struggled to arrive at a secular settlement and often the contestation over the place of religion has centered on the rules and roles of women in these societies.

scholarly journals Strategic cooperation of electric power systems of Russia and Central Asia for the creation of common Eurasian electric power space

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Chudinova ◽  
Sergei Podkovalnikov
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Strategic Cooperation ◽  
The Creation

The paper considers electric power integration projects realized and to be implemented on the territory of Eurasia, that include Russia and countries of Central Asia, neighboring regions of Caucasus, South Asia, and others. Studies are focused on the effectiveness of electric power integration of electric power systems of Russia and Central Asia in the long-term perspective, with account of electric ties with neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Preparation and Analytical Study of Rasa Marit Tamra Bhasma

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Prabhakar Jamnekar
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment

Tamra Bhasma (TB) is an Ayurvedic medicine, prepared from Copper. It is used in Ayurvedic treatment for various diseases. Though several methods of preparation of Tamra Bhasma are found in Rasashastra classics, several difficulties occur during the preparation of a good-quality Bhasma.  Aims and Objectives: To study the process of Tamra Maran by using Rasa Bhasma(kajjali) as intermediray media. To analyze the constituents of Tamra Bhasma. Materials and Methods: Pharmaceutical study- TB was prepared as per the classical guidelines. Analytical study- TB was subjected to various analytical tests like X-ray   Diffraction. Results: Copper % was approximately 64% in Rasa maarit Tamra bhasma. Copper was present in sulphide form.  Conclusion: Rasa bhasma (kajjali) is good media for maran of Tamra. 

scholarly journals THE JUBILEE YEAR OF 15th CENTURY IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
R. Ivashko
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Latin Church

The author has analyzed the content of the bull of Pope Nicholas V of 1450, which is located in the Central Historical Archive in Lviv, in the article. It was found that the pope provided special conditions for Christians to conduct the Jubilee Year in the Kingdom of Poland. Pope Nicholas V had installed specific obligations regarding the celebration of it for the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon, his mother Queen Sophia, the papal collector Mykola Spichimir, etc. The Polish chronicler Jan Dlugosz left the information about the peculiarities of the jubilee celebrations in the Kingdom of Poland. Similar jubilee celebrations introduced by Pope Boniface VIII were celebrated for the sixth time in the Latin Church. The need for their conduct was further substantiated in the 14th century. The creation of the investigated document was due to the fact that the lands of Rus were vulnerable to constant attacks by the Tatars. The khan of the Great Horde Sa'id-Akhmat who with the Tatars subordinated to him had been made the raid on the Galician and Podolian lands in the autumn of 1450, directly caused to the creation of the bull. The mechanism of protection of the Eastern European borders by Сatholics was reflected in the content of the document.

scholarly journals Sources of Nepali Army’s military effectiveness during the Anglo-Nepal War

Unity Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Phanindra Subba
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Effective Resistance ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Institutional Stability ◽  
Political Resources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

Military effectiveness is the process by which the military converts available material and political resources into military power. The organizational revolution that took place in Europe during the period, 1500- 1700, multiplied the military effectiveness of the European states. This paper, however, aims to assess the military effectiveness of the Nepalese Army during the Anglo- Nepal War, 1814-16, in the context of the failure of many of the armies of South Asia to mount an effective resistance against the colonial onslaught. Further, it explores the sources of the Nepali Army’s effectiveness in performance rooted in Prithvi Narayan Shah’s national army in its formative phase. His concept of the nation-state, the creation of a permanent army and his policy of not limiting recruitment and promotions to the natives of Gorkha laid the foundation for a loyal, competent multi–ethnic army. Moreover, this paper states that the institutional stability provided by his successors during a period of political turbulence spared the army time to consolidate and pass its institutional memory to the following generation. War is a brutal business, and the military effectiveness of armies is tested in the battlefield in which weaknesses are severely punished after their exposures. Strong states fight to win, the weak to survive. The paper concludes that the Nepali Army proved its military effectiveness during the Anglo-Nepal War by ensuring Nepal’s continued survival as an independent, sovereign state ever.

scholarly journals An Ayurvedic Management of Cholelithiasis- A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Prakash Ashok Kumbhar ◽  
Garima Singh ◽  
Lokeshkumar Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Calcium Bilirubinate ◽  
Gall Stones ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment

Background: There are several diseases which arise in gall bladder and one of them is gall stones (cholelithiasis). The prevalence rate is difficult to work out because calculous disease is often asymptomatic. Cholelithiasis has become one among the foremost common diseases of the biliary tract. approximately 80 percent of gallstones contain cholesterol and therefore the remaining 20 percent are pigment stones, which consist mainly of calcium bilirubinate. Case Report: A 35-year male patient approached complaints of heaviness of abdomen, mild intermittent abdomen pain, nausea and with ultrasonography report which was suggestive of cholelithiasis of 4.7mm. Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed as Pittashmari and treated with ayurvedic medicine. With the help of Ayurvedic treatment protocol, the patient was free from 4.7mm cholelithiasis within 2 months of treatment and also improvement was observed in symptoms like the heaviness of the abdomen, pain in the abdomen, and nausea.

scholarly journals The Concept of “Web Science” in the Social Realm: Building Bridges between a new Interdisciplinary Field and the Cultural “Wealth of Networks”

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Theory ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Web Science ◽  
Web Of Data ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Web

Discourse in the field of “cyber culture” largely does not take into account the major shift in constituent technology that has begun to advance the Web from one based solely on human-understandable hypertext documents to one based on machine-understandable data. Such innovation includes the refinement of new search engine technology to mine data in Web services applications (the “Deep Web”) coupled with the desire to annotate data with mark-up languages that facilitate greater interactivity and infer meaning within either user-created knowledge representation models (“folksonomies” as a part of “Web 2.0”) or more rigid ontological structures (part of the “Semantic Web” or “Web 3.0”). In this paper, I consider this overall evident and predicted shift from a “Web of documents” to a “Web of data” to be the central element in the creation of the next-generation of the Web, and the recent drive to study it within an integrated framework known as “Web Science”. Central to this shift is the need to reconsider not only the cultural aspects of the medium, but also the interactions between cultural theory and technical texts. I conclude that with the emergence of certain new technology the entire concept of intellectual property, and more specifically where value ultimately lies in terms of the creation of cultural product, is also changing. Within, I thus focus on alternative frameworks (namely the work of Yochai Benkler) to conceptualize knowledge production, in order to re-examine issues of Web-enabled participatory culture. In order to highlight new cultural paradigms, opportunities and challenges, I discuss how the concept of “social production” may foster a “cultural democracy” that transcends traditional hegemonic conditions that encumber publics.

scholarly journals Nature manifestation in philosophy, diagnosis and treatment of disease based on Ayurvedic and Malay traditional medicine: A comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Wan Faizah Wan Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Medical Philosophy ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment ◽  
Human And Nature

Man and nature is an important concept in the traditional community’s universal perspective. This concept can be seen in the universal and cosmological view which discusses questions on the origin of human and nature existence. In traditional medicine context such as Ayurvedic and Malay, this nature manifestation not only can be seen in medical philosophy but also diagnosed medically, as well as treatment given to the disease. This research paper discussion is focused on the community’s conception towards natural elements either physically or the opposite and the manifestation of understanding towards their medical philosophy. Among the concept that will be discussed are natural elements such as soil, water, fire, air and ether or better known as the space which is not only important in the context of nature composition but also in the human body based on Ayurvedic medicine. Research is done through the observation of literature and interview with Ayurvedic and Malay traditional medicine practitioners. The outcome obtained has shown that there is a difference between the diagnosis and Ayurvedic treatment which focuses on the characteristics and physical signs compared to traditional Malay medicine which also includes personality diagnostic methods as well as physical attributes and signs for the purpose of disease diagnosis.

scholarly journals Rasāyana and Rasaśāstra in the Persian Medical Culture of South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Speziale
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Accommodation Process ◽  
Cognitive Shift ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Persian Translation

In this article, I suggest that looking at the entangled issues of the creation of a new field of knowledge and the interaction with Others’ learning allows for a more accurate understanding of how Persian medical studies have developed and adapted to different natural and cultural settings during late medieval and early modern periods. This article studies the translation and reception of materials drawn from alchemy (rasaśāstra) and rejuvenating therapy (rasāyana) in the Persianate medical culture of South Asia. Chapters dealing with processed mercury and metals become a standard subject of Persian medical works written by Muslim and Hindu physicians in South Asia. Many of these works are in fact composite writings which combine Ayurvedic and Greco-Arabic materials. However, rasāyana is a branch of knowledge for which there is not a precise equivalent domain in the target culture. How does translation deal and negotiate with this asymmetry? In this study, I assume that cross-cultural translation implies a cognitive shift in the way different groups of readers may understand and classify a certain form of knowledge. I look at the Persian translation of materials drawn from rasāyana chiefly from the reader perspective which focuses on the hermeneutical and accommodation process through which translated materials are integrated into the target culture.

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