Consolidating Southeast Asia and the Meaning of Force in History: Pax Ming and the Case of Chen Zuyi 陳祖義

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-168
Author(s):  
Angela Schottenhammer
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Overseas Expansion

Abstract Many Chinese historians and politicians consider the Zheng He expeditions as voyages meant to establish peaceful relations with foreign countries. Although, in contrast with European overseas expansion, it was not in the interest of the Chinese emperor and his government to colonialize foreign countries, this does not mean that relations were peaceful. Subordination of neighbouring countries to the Ming court and their acceptance of Ming China’s claim to cultural, ideological and political superiority in the macro region—the implementation of a “pax Ming” in other words—was fully intended. The present article discusses Zheng He’s and the Ming court’s dealing with Chen Zuyi 陳祖義, an “inconvenient” local (“pirate”) leader of Chinese origins dominating parts of the Malacca/Melaka Straits, the use of violence in the implementation of official Ming goals and the ideological transfiguration and (re)interpretation of the Ming court’s own interests in Chinese historical sources.

scholarly journals A revision of dragon millipedes I: genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923, with the description of eight new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 1-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruttapon Srisonchai ◽  
Henrik Enghoff ◽  
Natdanai Likhitrakarn ◽  
Somsak Panha
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

The dragon millipede genusDesmoxytess.l. is split into five genera, based on morphological characters and preliminary molecular phylogenetic analyses. The present article includes a review ofDesmoxytess.s., while future articles will deal withHylomusCook and Loomis, 1924 and three new genera which preliminarily are referred to as the ‘acantherpestes’, ‘gigas’, and ‘spiny’ groups. Diagnostic morphological characters of each group are discussed.Hylomusis resurrected as a valid genus and the following 33 species are assigned to it:H.asper(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.cattienensis(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.cervarius(Attems, 1953),comb. n.,H.cornutus(Zhang & Li, 1982),comb. n.,H.dracoCook & Loomis, 1924,stat. rev.,H.enghoffi(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.eupterygotus(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.,H.getuhensis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.grandis(Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016),comb. n.,H.hostilis(Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994),comb. n.,H.jeekeli(Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994),comb. n.,H.lingulatus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.laticollis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.longispinus(Loksa, 1960),comb. n.,H.lui(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.,H.minutuberculus(Zhang, 1986),comb. n.,H.nodulosus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.parvulus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.phasmoides(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.pilosus(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.proximus(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.rhinoceros(Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015),comb. n.,H.rhinoparvus(Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015),comb. n.,H.scolopendroides(Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010),comb. n.,H.scutigeroides(Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010),comb. n.,H.similis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.simplex(Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016),comb. n.,H.simplipodus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.specialis(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.spectabilis(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.spinitergus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.spinissimus(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.andH.variabilis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.Desmoxytess.s. includes the following species:D.breviverpaSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.cervina(Pocock,1895);D.delfae(Jeekel, 1964);D.desSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.pinnasqualiSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.planata(Pocock, 1895);D.purpuroseaEnghoff, Sutcharit & Panha, 2007;D.takensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.taurina(Pocock, 1895);D.terae(Jeekel, 1964), all of which are re-described based mainly on type material. Two new synonyms are proposed:DesmoxytespterygotaGolovatch & Enghoff, 1994,syn. n.(=Desmoxytescervina(Pocock, 1895)),DesmoxytesrubraGolovatch & Enghoff, 1994,syn. n.(=Desmoxytesdelfae(Jeekel, 1964)). Six new species are described from Thailand:D.aurataSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.corythosaurusSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.eurosSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.flabellaSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.golovatchiSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.octoconigeraSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n., as well as one from Malaysia:D.perakensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n., and one from Myanmar:D.waepyanensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.The species can mostly be easily distinguished by gonopod structure in combination with other external characters; some cases of particularly similar congeners are discussed. All species ofDesmoxytess.s. seem to be endemic to continental Southeast Asia (except the ‘tramp’ speciesD.planata). Some biological observations (relationship with mites, moulting) are recorded for the first time. Complete illustrations of external morphological characters, an identification key, and distribution maps of all species are provided.

scholarly journals Chinese Temple Networks in Southeast Asia: A WebGIS Digital Humanities Platform for the Collaborative Study of the Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Yingwei Yan ◽  
Kenneth Dean ◽  
Chen-Chieh Feng ◽  
Guan Thye Hue ◽  
Khee-heong Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Chinese Diaspora ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Gis ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Religious Networks

This article introduces a digital platform for collaborative research on the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia, focusing on networks of Chinese temples and associations extending from Southeast China to the various port cities of Southeast Asia. The Singapore Historical Geographic Information System (SHGIS) and the Singapore Biographical Database (SBDB) are expandable WebGIS platforms gathering and linking data on cultural and religious networks across Southeast Asia. This inter-connected platform can be expanded to cover not only Singapore but all of Southeast Asia. We have added layers of data that go beyond Chinese Taoist, Buddhist, and popular god temples to also display the distributions of a wide range of other religious networks, including Christian churches, Islamic mosques, Hindu temples, and Theravadin, which are the Taiwanese, Japanese and Tibetan Buddhist monasteries found across the region. This digital platform covers a larger area than the Taiwan History and Culture in Time and Space (THCTS) historical GIS platform but is more regionally focused than the ECAI (Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative) By incorporating Chinese inscriptions, extensive surveys of Chinese temples and associations, as well as archival and historical sources, this platform provides new materials and new perspectives on the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia. This paper: (1) outlines key research questions underlying these digital humanities platforms; (2) describes the overall architecture and the kinds of data included in the SHGIS and the SBDB; (3) reviews past research on historical GIS; and provides (4) a discussion of how incorporating Chinese epigraphy of Southeast Asia into these websites can help scholars trace networks across the entire region, potentially enabling comparative work on a wide range of religious networks in the region. Part 5 of the paper outlines technical aspects of the WebGIS platform.

Economic Reorganization and the Slump in South and Southeast Asia

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Baker
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
International Economy ◽  
The West ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Overseas Expansion

It was rather bold of Furnivall, less than a decade after the event, to announce that the Depression had brough to an end the history of European overseas expansion over almost half a millennium. Against a background of renewed disorder in the international economy, the current historiography seems to be taking this bold suggestion fairly seriously. The 1930s slump is now the accepted starting point for studies of the relations between the west and the rest in the postcolonial era.

Traffic Violations: A Study of Measures Aimed at Bringing Perpetrators to Justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Yerzhan Maratovich KHAKIMOV
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to a study of administrative and legal enforcement actions against violators of road safety (RS) laws used in the Republic of Kazakhstan and some foreign countries. The aim of the present article is to analyze ways of bringing to justice the perpetrators of traffic offences in the national legislation of Kazakhstan and some foreign countries, to assess their effectiveness and the possibility of using foreign experience in the national legal field. The article examines the foreign organizational and legal experience in the application of administrative responsibility for violators of RS laws and the administrative regulations of Kazakhstan; the conclusions have been made, and the recommendations for further improvement of measures to bring to justice violators of RS laws have been given. The author subjects the use of the fine as the main mechanism for bringing to justice perpetrators of the traffic violations to fair criticism. Based on the study of normative materials on administrative law and the experience of foreign countries in counteraction to RS violations, the author suggests ways to eliminate causes and conditions for committing traffic safety violations and formulates the proposals for further improvement of the administrative legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, excluding the prevarication when using the data of photo and video fixation of traffic offences. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and practical activities in addressing the issues of law violation prevention, the comparative characteristics of the norms of responsibility for RS violations of Kazakhstan and foreign countries laws, and in the subsequent reform of statutory regulations on administrative offences.

Note on the Term Therav?da

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhikkhu Analayo
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Current Usage

With the present article I study the trajectory of the term therav?da from its earliest occurrence in the P?li canon to its present day usage as a designation of the form of Buddhism found in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. My presentation begins with the term therav?da in the P?li discourses, followed by turning to the P?li commentaries and chronicles. Next I examine the role of the P?li canon in the Therav?da tradition and the conception of Therav?da as a monastic lineage, after which I discuss current usage and survey alternative terms.

scholarly journals India - Korea Ancient Maritime Trade Relations: Korean-Tamil Language, Food and Culture Similarities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
S Arokiyaraj
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Food And Culture

A lot of language, food and cultural similarities found between Korea and Tamil culture of India that many people are unaware. The present article discusses about those similarities. The possible reason behind this language and cultural exchange may be ancient maritime trade and the spread of Buddhism from Tamilagam, India. In addition, evidences from Sangam literature 600 BCE and archeological findings prove Tamil people had an ancient trade with other countries. Recently, anthropologists found skeletal remains of Mongoloids in Adichanallur pre-historic harbor site indicating people indigenous to Southeast Asia travelled to the ancient seaport Korkai, Taminadu, India andTamil people may travelled Korea for trade purpose. This could be the possible reason behind the language and cultural similarities between these two peninsular nations. However, further research is required in this field.

The ‘Indianization’ of Southeast Asia: Reflections on the Historical Sources

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Mabbett
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Indian Languages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
Influence Spread

From about the second century onwards, principalities (“empires” is probably the wrong word in all the earlier cases) began to appear in Southeast Asia, first along the isthmus of the Malay Peninsula, round the coast of the Gulf of Siam and of the southern part of Vietnam, later in the archipelago and eventually spreading throughout the area now known as Southeast Asia except for the north of Vietnam and parts of the archipelago in the east. These principalities are assigned to the historical record by inscriptions using Indian languages and scripts, stone remains attesting Hindu and Buddhist cults, and foreign accounts, mostly Chinese, indicating various features of Indian culture. Two of the questions which underlie historical studies of this evidence are: how did Indian influence spread through Southeast Asia? and, how far did Indian influence dominate Southeast Asia? In principle, these questions may be answered independently of each other, the first being chiefly concerned with the “Indianization I” discussed in an earlier article, the second with “Indianization II”. Attention will be directed here chiefly to the first, and to the second primarily only to the extent that is entailed by examination of the first. Various conflicting views have been advanced by historians; the purpose here is to suggest that, in the absence of convincing evidence for any one of them, an eclectic interpretation is not only legitimate but cogent.

THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SOURCES OF THE BUKHARA REGIONAL STATE ARCHIVE IN STUDYING THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Dilrabo Murodova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Regional State ◽  
History Of

The present article deals with the importance of the historical sources stored in the funds of the Bukhara Regional State Archive in the studying of the history of Uzbekistan

From Iceland to Brazil. Documentary Writing on Foreign Countries in the Interwar Period: Authors, Conventions, Motifs

Tekstualia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (47) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Paweł Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Selection Of

The interwar period was an important time in the history of Polish documentary writing. The poetics of the genre was formed at the turn of the 1920s and 30s. At that time, there was a debate about the cognitive and aesthetic values of documentary writing. A variety of thematic forms quickly emerged, including works about foreign countries. This subgenre had two main variants: the „exotic documentary” (or „exotic-adventure”) and „sociopolitical documentary”. The present article examines a selection of texts representing both the variants and written by: Ferdynand Goetel, Zbigniew Uniłowski, Aleksander Janta-Połczyński, Ksawery Pruszyński, Melchior Wańkowicz, Antoni Słonimski, Zygmunt Nowakowski and others.

Metaphysics, Elemental Transformation, Medicine

Oriens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 389-417
Author(s):  
Amos Bertolacci
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Present State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Abstract The present article brings to the scholarly attention the Avicennian manuscript San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid), Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, 621, by conveying a basic description of its codicological features and by locating it in the wider context of the connection metaphysics-medicine that the transmission of Avicenna’s magnum opus Kitāb al-Šifāʾ (Book of the Cure/Healing) displays. The manuscript at stake is the only extant, though incomplete, codex of the Ilāhiyyāt (Science of Divine Things) of Avicenna’s Šifāʾ presently known in the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), and one of the few codices of the Šifāʾ housed there. In its present state, it cumulates metaphysics and medicine, since it joins some excerpts of the Ilāhiyyāt with fragments of the commentaries on Avicenna’s Al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb (Canon of Medicine) by Ibn al-Nafīs al-Qurašī (d. 687 H/1288) and by Quṭb al-Dīn al-Šīrāzī (634–719 H/1236–1311). The part of the commentary on Avicenna’s Canon by Ibn al-Nafīs al-Qurašī preserved in this manuscript contains a revealing critical quotation of a medical tenet which Avicenna discusses in the Šifāʾ; this criticism very likely represents an instance of the ‘rectification’ of Avicenna’s philosophical encyclopedia of which Ibn al-Nafīs is credited in historical sources. The example of the revision of Avicenna’s philosophy by Ibn al-Nafīs analyzed on the basis of this manuscript makes clear that physicians in the XIII century did not limit their familiarity with Avicenna’s works to the Canon of Medicine and the other medical works of Avicenna, but adopted some kind of all-encompassing approach to Avicenna’s oeuvre, which did not eschewed tackling critically also the Šifāʾ on the basis of a profound and extensive knowledge of the Šayḫ al-raʾīs’s philosophical masterpiece.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document