Human Development as Social Welfare

2012 ◽  
pp. 151-169
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Development

First Meeting of the PIDE Committee on Devolution Reforms in Pakistan

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Durre-e- Nayab
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
National Reconstruction

The Local Government Ordinance (LGO), formulated by the National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB) in 2000 and promulgated by provincial governments in August 2001, assigns powers, responsibilities, and service delivery functions to three levels of local governments: district, tehsil, and union. Responsibilities for the delivery of social and human development services, such as primary and basic health, education and social welfare, are delegated to the district level, whereas municipal services, such as water, sanitation and urban services are assigned to the tehsil level. The LGO does not only deal with the delivery of public services in its plan but also stresses the need for fiscal decentralisation, claiming that “Fiscal decentralisation is the heart of any devolution exercise. Without fiscal decentralisation no authority is devolved.”

Placing Dignity at the Center of Welfare Policy

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chak Kwan Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Limited Application

In response to the vagueness of dignity and its limited application in social welfare, this article attempts to explore the content of dignity and discuss its implications for welfare policies. Dignity concerns living respectfully, for which having equal value, self-respect, autonomy and positive mutuality is essential. The article argues that institutional dignification, community respect and human development are three welfare directions for facilitating the possession of dignity.

scholarly journals Human Development and Economic Uncertainties: Exploring Another Dimension of Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 305-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamshed Y. Uppal ◽  
Syeda Rabab Mudakkar
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Timeseries Analysis ◽  
Percentage Loss ◽  
Income Component

This study makes the case that economic uncertainties—i.e., the extent to which economies face systemic uncertainties—need to be considered another dimension of human development because they render development vulnerable, diminish social welfare, and constrain human capabilities. We propose a methodology for adjusting the human development index (HDI) for economic uncertainties, using the time variability of income changes as a proxy. We construct an adjusted index associated with the income component for the 2011 HDI. Our analysis indicates that such an index contains additional information. The percentage loss in the income component of the HDI seems to reflect the variability in economic indicators arising from the political and economic tribulations experienced by each country. In Pakistan’s case, the results of a timeseries analysis of the percentage loss from the uncertainty adjustment appear to closely trace the country’s political and economic upheavals.

The social welfare impact of double tax treaties in Sub Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Soondram ◽  
Martin Samy ◽  
Bhavish Jugurnath
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Treaties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ssa Countries

Purpose This study aims to analyze tax revenue in the presence of double tax treaties affecting social welfare of the inhabitants in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) developing economies, whose fiscal regimes are being branded as responsible for exacerbating poverty for the inhabitants. This paper seeks to determine if double tax treaties are negatively impacting on human development of the host countries. Design/methodology/approach This study analyses 21 SSA countries from 1996 to 2016 using panel models and bootstrapped quantile regression. It uses a devised mathematical model which introduces the interaction between tax revenue and double tax treaties and measures the social welfare impact using the human development index (HDI). Findings The findings have broadly shown that (i) the net effect from the complementarity between tax revenue and double tax treaty (DTTs) in influencing the human development is for the most part negative (ii) the impact of tax revenue from international trade has the most positive net effect as compared to other tax revenues when interacted with the DTT and (iii) the DTT complements the tax revenue from income, profits and capital gains to progressively increase human development in the upper quartiles of HDI. Research limitations/implications This study has examined how the presence of double tax treaties has impacted the effect of tax revenue on human development in 21 SSA countries for the period 1996–2016. A mathematical model was devised and bootstrapped quantile regression was used owing to the specificities of the sample. In accordance with recent literature on net effects, the results were interpreted. Practical implications It is evident that further research is required on whether double tax treaties are indirectly responsible for poverty on the rise in SSA countries or on the contrary, they bring FDI alongside with other positive spillovers which in the end contribute to a rise in the human development aspect of societies in developing host economies. Social implications The HDI is an important measure used nowadays for human development as a proxy for social welfare. This research will use an HDI mathematical model devised by Sinha and Sengupta (2019) and adapt it to the context to testing econometrically whether double tax treaties have an impact on welfare or poverty reduction. The empirical results will help determine whether tax treaties are impacting the social welfare positively or negatively. Originality/value This result is the first research attempt to consider both the impact of tax revenue (which is expected to have a positive impact on social welfare of the people of the host developing countries) and the impact of double tax treaties simultaneously. It is the first empirical study focusing on the impact of tax revenue on human development in the presence of double tax treaties. Its methodology is original and adds to the current literature to benefit policymakers and academia.

scholarly journals The Role of Zakat in Human Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Khairul Azhar Meerangani
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
Optimum Utilization ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Welfare Distribution

Abstract: Zakat is one of the major economic sources for Islamic countries. The efficiently and systematically of zakat management able to propel it’s potential as an instrument of human development especially among Muslims. The optimum utilization of zakat funds is essential to improving the quality and potential of every Muslim. In Malaysia, zakat is administrated by the Islamic Religious Council (IRC) in every state. The IRC is responsible for determining the beneficiary's qualification and the type of relief that is appropriate based on the background of each recipient so that the relief can be utilized to fulfill their needs. This study aims to assess the potential of zakat in developing the quality of Muslims in Malaysia by highlighting the practice of each IRC in distributing relief to each qualified zakat recipient. The distribution statistics and the form of programs provided by the IRC were analyzed descriptively to see the potential of zakat itself practically in improving the quality of Muslims. The study found that the IRC has provided various programs aimed at improving the quality of asnaf through equitable distribution of economics, social welfare distribution, human capital production and upgrading of education. Thus, every Muslim, especially zakat payers, should take the opportunity to equally engage with the IRC to ensure that zakat funds can be optimized for the development of Muslims in Malaysia.Keywords: Zakat, Human Development, Collection, Distribution, IRC Abstrak:Zakat adalah salah satu sumber ekonomi utama bagi negara-negara Islam. Pengelolaan zakat yang efisien dan sistematis dapat mendorong potensi itu sebagai instrumen pengembangan manusia terutama di kalangan umat Islam. Pemanfaatan dana zakat yang optimal sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan potensi setiap Muslim. Di Malaysia, zakat dikelola oleh Dewan Agama Islam (IRC) di setiap negara bagian. IRC bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan kualifikasi penerima dan jenis bantuan yang sesuai berdasarkan latar belakang masing-masing penerima sehingga bantuan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai potensi zakat dalam mengembangkan kualitas umat Islam di Malaysia dengan menyoroti praktik setiap IRC dalam mendistribusikan bantuan kepada setiap penerima zakat yang berkualitas. Statistik distribusi dan bentuk program yang disediakan oleh IRC dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat potensi zakat itu sendiri secara praktis dalam meningkatkan kualitas umat Islam. Studi ini menemukan bahwa IRC telah menyediakan berbagai program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas asnaf melalui distribusi ekonomi yang merata, distribusi kesejahteraan sosial, produksi sumber daya manusia dan peningkatan pendidikan. Dengan demikian, setiap Muslim, terutama pembayar zakat, harus mengambil kesempatan untuk secara setara terlibat dengan IRC untuk memastikan bahwa dana zakat dapat dioptimalkan untuk pengembangan umat Islam di Malaysia.Kata kunci: Zakat, Pengembangan Manusia, Pengumpulan, Distribusi, IRC

Economic Diversification and Human Development in South Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Manzoor Hussain Memon
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Curve Estimation ◽  
Related Variety ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The paper examines the effect of diversification on social welfare in South Asia using the macroeconomic data for the period 1996–2011, with export diversification as a proxy of economic diversification. In this paper, three types of diversification are assessed (i.e. related, unrelated, and overall variety). While unrelated variety and overall variety show increasing trend over the years, related variety seems to show a non-linear inverted U-shaped curve. Estimation results reveal that all three types of variety have a positive and significant relationship with human development in South Asia, which shows that diversification is beneficial for human development in South Asian countries. It is also found that the existing level of human capital significantly moderates the relationship between related variety and social welfare.

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