Memory of the Body in Proust: Historical Time and Biological Time

2018 ◽  
pp. 207-220
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Biological Time

‘A Fine Pate Full of Fine Dirt’: Hamlet Among the Atomists

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-190
Author(s):  
Christopher Crosbie
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Material World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This chapter situates Shakespeare’s Hamlet in a late sixteenth century atomism increasingly shorn of its atheist metaphysics and Epicurean ethics. Making available new ways of thinking about matter as theoretically compatible with theistic ideas, early modern atomism provides a set of ontological assumptions that governs the playworld and shapes the course of Hamlet’s revenge. Paying special attention to two strands of atomist thought – namely, the body as particularized and the functions of perception, memory, and time as material imprints – this chapter reads Hamlet’s understanding of the dissolvable body and his attempt to remold the court's collective memory, the most proximate record of historical time, as of a piece. Hamlet's revenge, consonant with his prior ways of conceptualizing embodied existence, functions as a kind of material accretion to the past. In his brooding and revenge, Hamlet seeks comfort, then, in the prospect of a reassuringly enduring materiality but a comfort that remains theoretical and contingent. The most intense poignancy of his tragic demise emerges from Hamlet’s surprisingly persistent refusal to abandon the tantalizing, if elusive, consolations proffered by the material world itself.

Luminous Stuff: The Resurrection of the Flesh in Vaughan’s Religious Verse

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-123
Author(s):  
Daniel Juan Gil
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Religious Verse ◽  
Henry Vaughan ◽  
The One

Henry Vaughan asserts an understanding of resurrection as essentially and fundamentally about the body, and he understands resurrection to be “immanent” in the sense that signs of resurrection can already now be seen breaking into the here and now. Vaughan’s goal in his poetry is to uncover “Traces, and sounds of a strange kind,” as he puts it in “Vanity of Spirit.” Vaughan’s searching analysis of himself splits his bodily life into two: on the one hand, a socialized and historicized life and, on the other hand, a life that, in its material strangeness, is alien to his time and place and therefore the substrate of resurrection. At the same time, Vaughan is also interested in investigating the material stuff of the natural world separate from the uses and meanings that human languages impose upon it. By mystical attention to material stuff, including feathers, rocks, rainbows, and trees, Vaughan believes he can discover a perspective that transcends historical time. In that sense, Vaughan anticipates the Romantic poets. His formal experimentation is designed to make his poetry a tool to investigate the material strangeness of the person. As such, he develops a distinctively avant-garde poetics as theorized by Peter Bürger.

Biological Time, Historical Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Bender ◽  
Gisèle Séginger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Time ◽  
Biological Time

scholarly journals The Circadian Clock, the Immune System, and Viral Infections: The Intricate Relationship Between Biological Time and Host-Virus Interaction

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra ◽  
Annalucia Carbone ◽  
Angela Relógio
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
The Impact

Living beings spend their lives and carry out their daily activities interacting with environmental situations that present space-time variations and that involve contact with other life forms, which may behave as commensals or as invaders and/or parasites. The characteristics of the environment, as well as the processes that support the maintenance of life and that characterize the execution of activities of daily life generally present periodic variations, which are mostly synchronized with the light–dark cycle determined by Earth’s rotation on its axis. These rhythms with 24-h periodicity, defined as circadian, influence events linked to the interaction between hosts and hosted microorganisms and can dramatically determine the outcome of this interplay. As for the various pathological conditions resulting from host–microorganism interactions, a particularly interesting scenario concerns infections by viruses. When a viral agent enters the body, it alters the biological processes of the infected cells in order to favour its replication and to spread to various tissues. Though our knowledge concerning the mutual influence between the biological clock and viruses is still limited, recent studies start to unravel interesting aspects of the clock–virus molecular interplay. Three different aspects of this interplay are addressed in this mini-review and include the circadian regulation of both innate and adaptive immune systems, the impact of the biological clock on viral infection itself, and finally the putative perturbations that the virus may confer to the clock leading to its deregulation.

scholarly journals A population-based human enCYCLOPedia for circadian medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Ruben ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
David F. Smith ◽  
Robert E. Schmidt ◽  
Lauren J. Francey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cardiovascular Tissue ◽  
Biological Time

AbstractThe discovery that half of the mammalian protein-coding genome is clock-regulated has clear implications for medicine. Indeed, recent studies demonstrate time-of-day impact on therapeutic outcomes in human heart disease and cancer. Yet biological time is rarely given clinical consideration. A key barrier is the absence of information on the what and where of molecular rhythms in the human body. Here, we have applied CYCLOPS, an algorithm designed to reconstruct sample order in the absence of time-of-day information, to the GTEx collection of 632 human donors contributing 4,292 RNA-seq samples from 13 distinct human tissue types. We identify rhythms in expression across the body that persist at the population-level. This includes a set of ‘ubiquitous cyclers’ comprised of well-established circadian clock factors but also many genes without prior circadian context. Among thousands of tissue-divergent rhythms, we discover a set of genes robustly oscillating in cardiovascular tissue, including key drug targets relevant to heart disease. These results also have implications for genetic studies where circadian variability may have masked genetic influence. It is our hope that the human enCYCLOPedia helps drive the translation of circadian biology into prospective clinical trials in cardiology and many other therapeutic areas.One Sentence SummaryBioinformatic analyses on thousands of human tissue samples reveals an enCYCLOPedia of rhythmic gene expression across the body and identifies key translational opportunities for circadian medicine in cardiovascular disease.

A database of tissue-specific rhythmically expressed human genes has potential applications in circadian medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (458) ◽  
pp. eaat8806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Ruben ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
David F. Smith ◽  
Robert E. Schmidt ◽  
Lauren J. Francey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Biological Time ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Key Barrier

The discovery that half of the mammalian protein-coding genome is regulated by the circadian clock has clear implications for medicine. Recent studies demonstrated that the circadian clock influences therapeutic outcomes in human heart disease and cancer. However, biological time is rarely given clinical consideration. A key barrier is the absence of information on tissue-specific molecular rhythms in the human body. We have applied the cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS) algorithm, designed to reconstruct sample temporal order in the absence of time-of-day information, to the gene expression collection of 13 tissues from 632 human donors. We identified rhythms in gene expression across the body; nearly half of protein-coding genes were shown to be cycling in at least 1 of the 13 tissues analyzed. One thousand of these cycling genes encode proteins that either transport or metabolize drugs or are themselves drug targets. These results provide a useful resource for studying the role of circadian rhythms in medicine and support the idea that biological time might play a role in determining drug response.

scholarly journals Chaos and the speaking body: spitting on Hegel with Lygia Clark and the limits of language in psychoanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Minozzo
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Symbolic System ◽  
Chaotic Vibration ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Biological Reductionism

The Hegelian dialectics, inherited by Lacan, assume a division between the Subject and historical time, or, assuming a Symbolic system that is mediated by the phallic law, that only re-produces subjugated subjectivities, without a chance to create something new or be in touch with any chaos outside this phallogocentric system. So, echoing the 1977 essay by Italian feminist Carla Lonzi: “let’s spit on Hegel” – maybe with Lygia Clark’s Anthropophagic Slobber. [...] Guided by Clark’s chaotic vibration, we can think through what happens to the body in/of the world and to the world with/of bodies through the potency of a subjective full/void that vibrates independently from any Other. In chaos we avoid the total reign of language and identity as well as materialist biological reductionism of experience. We meet chaos in the frontier of the vibrating ‘full-void’ of bodies.

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