Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1427 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
CURTIS EWING
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Sap Beetles ◽  
Endemic Genera

The endemic Hawaiian sap beetles were originally placed in 13 genera in 1908; Apetasimus, Apetinus, Cillaeopeplus, Cyrtostolus, Eunitidula, Eupetinus, Gonioryctus, Goniothorax, Nesapterus, Nesopeplus, Nesopetinus, Notopeplus, and Orthostolus. Apetasimus, Cyrtostolus, Eunitidula, and Notopeplus were described for single species, with additional species later described for Apetasimus and three undescribed species known for Eunitidula from Oahu, Molokai, and West Maui. Nesopeplus and Nesopetinus have been previously shown to be junior synonyms of Prosopeus. The monophyly of the genera is tested using morphological characters, primarily of the male copulatory sac, in a parsimony framework. The results provide the rationale for reducing the number of endemic genera to six; Apetasimus (= Cyrtostolus + Orthostolus in part), Cillaeopeplus (= Notopeplus), Eupetinus (= Apetinus), Gonioryctus (= Eunitidula + Goniothorax + Nesapterus), Orthostolus s.s., and Prosopeus. Brachypeplus (= Cillaeopeplus) gracilis, a species endemic to Guam, was placed in the formerly Hawaiian endemic Cillaeopeplus in 1962. Examination of the types of all species of Cillaeopeplus shows no direct connection between B. gracilis and the Hawaiian taxa comprising the remainder of Cillaeopeplus. Brachypeplus gracilis is placed incertae sedis in Brachypeplus herein. The position of the endemic Hawaiian sap beetles within the nit idulid subfamily Cillaeinae is surveyed using exemplar species from 22 of 27 genera placed in Cillaeinae. Undescribed species from eastern Polynesia allied with Brachypeplus subgenus Selis are proposed as the closest relatives of the Hawaiian endemic sap beetles based on internal and external morphology.

scholarly journals Morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of the treehopper tribe Smiliini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Smiliinae), with reinstatement of the tribe Telamonini

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3047 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW S. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The Common ◽  
Morphological Differences

Members of the Smiliini, the nominotypical tribe of the large New World subfamily Smiliinae, are predominately Nearctic in distribution. This tribe included 169 mostly tree-feeding species in 23 genera. A parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of an original dataset comprising 89 traditional and newly discovered morphological characters for 69 species, including representatives of 22 of the 23 described genera of Smiliini and five other previously recognized tribes of the subfamily, resulted in a single most parsimonious tree with three major clades. The broad recent concept of Smiliini (including Telamonini as a junior synonym) was not recovered as monophyletic by the analysis. Instead, the analysis supported narrower definitions of both Telamonini, here reinstated from synonymy, and Smiliini. A key and diagnoses are given to define these tribes, along with discussions of their phylogeny, biogeography, and host plant associations. The genera Antianthe Fowler, Hemicardiacus Plummer, Smilirhexia McKamey, and Tropidarnis Fowler are placed as Smiliinae, incertae sedis. Based on the phylogeny, several genera from both tribes including Atymna Stål, Cyrtolobus Goding, Heliria Stål, and Telamona Fitch are not monophyletic. Diagnostic characters emphasizing the morphological differences between the Smiliini and Telamonini include the dorsal margin of the head, the shape of the pronotum, the size of the pronotal humeral angles, the presence or absence of pronotal longitudinal rugae, the size of forewing cells, variations in the fusion of veins R and M apically in both the foreand hind wing, and the shape of the apex of the female second valvulae. Mapping geographic distribution onto the phylogeny suggests that the common ancestor of the ingroup (all three clades) occurred in Central America and Mexico, with multiple dispersals to temperate North America. Many Smiliini and Telamonini feed on various species of oak (Quercus) and the close evolutionary association between these insects and their hosts is discussed.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Marcos Mirande
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Neotropical Fishes ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

The family Characidae is the most diverse among Neotropical fishes. Systematics of this family are mainly based on pre-cladistic papers, and only recently a phylogenetic hypothesis for Characidae was proposed by the author. That phylogeny was based on 360 morphological characters studied for 160 species, including representatives of families related to Characidae. This paper is based on that phylogenetic analysis, with the analyzed characters described herein and documented, accompanied by comparisons of their definition and coding in previous papers. Synapomorphies of each node of the proposed phylogeny are listed, comparisons with previous classifications provided, and autapomorphies of the analyzed species listed. Taxonomic implications of the proposed classification and the position of the incertae sedis genera within Characidae are discussed. A discussion of the phylogenetic information of the characters used in the classical systematics of the Characidae is provided.

Worldwide revision of the genus Phaenoglyphis (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae, Charipinae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Ferrer-Suay ◽  
Jesús Selfa ◽  
Noel Mata-Casanova ◽  
Nicolas Pérez Hidalgo ◽  
Juli Pujade-Villar
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species

A complete revision of the world species of the genus Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869 has been conducted. A total of 25 species of Phaenoglyphis are valid after studying their type material. Two new species are described: Phaenoglyphis belizini sp. n. and Phaenoglyphis palmirae sp. n. Two species are synonymized: P. dolichocera (Cameron, 1889) with P. nigripes (Thomson, 1877) and P. pecki Andrews, 1978 with P. villosa (Hartig, 1841). Phaenoglyphis bangalorensis Kurian, 1953 was considered as incertae sedis. Phaenoglyphis duplocarpentieri (Kieffer, 1904) and P. hedickei Hedicke, 1928 are considered lost. Other three species are discarded as valid species because they are missing important parts without which the species cannot be defined: P. cincta (Hartig, 1841), P. frigidus (Belizin, 1968) and P. repentinus Belizin, 1962. A complete redescription and an illustrative plate are presented. A key to species of the genus Phaenoglyphis is given. Phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characters has been performed.

Orbilia laevimarginata sp. nov. and its asexual morph

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxia He ◽  
Hans-Otto Baral ◽  
Min Qiao ◽  
Michael Weiβ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Asexual Morph ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Trapping Devices

O. laevimarginata is here described as a new species, and also its asexual morph could not be assigned to an existing taxon. Anamorphic strains were obtained from three teleomorph specimens which were collected at different sites and dates. The anamorph is characterized by cylindric-ellipsoid to oblong conidia, mainly 1-septate, growing either singly or mostly from 2–10 denticles in a capitate arrangement on the tip of conidiophores. These morphological characters are similar to those of the nematophagous anamorph genus Arthrobotrys, but the present isolates lack the ability to produce any trapping devices when contacting with nematodes. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS rDNA sequences on different groups within Orbilia showed that the isolates of O. laevimarginata clustered together in a clade separate from Orbilia crenatomarginata (= Hyalinia crystallina). The two species are close to O. scolecospora and an undescribed species, which all have a crenulate to dentate apothecial margin composed of solid glassy processes. The group clustered distant from those species identified within the nematode-trapping anamorph genera Arthrobotrys, Dactylellina and Drechslerella, but also distant from the non-predacious anamorph genus Dactylella. By combining morphological and phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that the three isolates belong to a single undescribed holomorph species. The morphological differences among the three isolated anamorphic strains, and phylogenetic divergence of nematode-trapping fungi and related species are discussed.

A preliminary phylogeny of the lichen moth tribe Lithosiini (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) based on morphological characters

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 321-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare H. Scott ◽  
Marc A. Branham
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Phylogenetic Methods ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage

A phylogeny of the lichen moth tribe Lithosiini has been constructed based on adult morphological characters. Specimens of 76 species representing 49 genera and each of the seven subtribes that have been proposed, as well as genera that have yet to be placed within a subtribe, were examined. When possible the type species of each genus was included in the analysis. Eighty-two characters from the external morphology and male and female genitalia were coded. The dataset was analyzed using both Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods with outgroup taxa selected from the subfamily Aganainae and tribe Arctiini. The morphological characters show the tribe Lithosiini as a monophyletic lineage, but could not assess the monophyly of the seven subtribes that have been hypothesized. The clades that are resolved by our phylogenetic analysis were composed only of genera representing a single subtribe or those that have not previously been placed in a subtribe. These results provide support for the existence of subtribes within the Lithosiini and represent the most extensive examination of the phylogeny of this tribe to date.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 complex and selected other Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4999 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-324
Author(s):  
CATHERINE W. CRAIG ◽  
DARRYL L. FELDER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Approximately Unbiased ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Morphological characters, as presently applied to describe members of the Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 species complex, appear to be of limited value in inferring phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and may have similarly misinformed understanding of relationships between members of this complex and those presently assigned to the related genera Areopaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010 and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002. Previously undocumented observations of similarities and differences in color patterns among populations additionally suggest genetic divergences within some species, or alternatively seem to support phylogenetic groupings of some species. In the present study, a Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the H3, 12S mtDNA, and 16S mtDNA sequences of 148 individuals, primarily representatives of paguroid species from the western Atlantic. This molecular analysis supported a polyphyletic Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892, although incomplete taxonomic sampling among the genera of Diogenidae limits the utility of this finding for resolving family level relationships. Several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships among hermit crab genera were refuted by the Kishino-Hasegawa (KH). Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) and Approximately Unbiased (AU) tree topology tests, among them the hypothesis that Areopaguristes is monophyletic. A lack of support for the monophyly of Areopaguristes calls into question the phylogenetic validity of gill number for the differentiation of Paguristes, Areopaguristes, and Pseudopaguristes. The study was inconclusive with regard to the relationships among these three genera, but previously unknown diversity within both Paguristes and Areopaguristes was demonstrated. Existence of an undescribed species confounded under the name Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 was supported by genetics, morphology, and coloration. A second undescribed species with remarkable similarity to Areopaguristes hummi Wass, 1955 was discovered based on genetics and coloration.

The tibia and tarsus in Herrerasauridae (Dinosauria, incertae sedis) and the origin and evolution of the dinosaurian tarsus

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando E. Novas
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Distal Articular Surface

The tarsus and distal end of the tibia are described in Herrerasauridae, a family that includes the oldest known dinosaurs. This tarsal configuration is compared to those of more advanced dinosaurs and to other archosaurs. Through phylogenetic analysis of the morphological characters, a picture emerges of the evolutionary changes in the ankles of early dinosaurs.The tibia of the herrerasaurids has a quadrangular distal articular surface, with a shallow ventrolateral notch. This morphology is strikingly similar to that of the lagosuchid thecodontsPseudolagosuchusandLagosuchusand represents the most primitive tibial condition known for Dinosauria.Aside from the derived states possessed by Theropoda, Sauropodomorpha, and Ornithischia, respectively, it was impossible to recognize synapomorphies in tibiotarsal anatomy shared by these groups exclusive of Herrerasauridae. The transverse broadening of the distal end of the tibia seems to have been attained independently by ornithischians, theropods, and sauropodomorphs.The tarsus of herrerasaurids is characterized by an astragalus with a small but conspicuous lateroventral depression, by a pyramidal calcaneum with a ventromedial projection that articulates into the cavity of the astragalus just mentioned, and by a posterolaterally directed calcaneal tuber. These characters are also seen inLagosuchus(a close relative of dinosaurs), in the prosauropodRiojasaurusand, insofar as the astragalus is concerned, in the primitive dinosaurWalkeria, which suggests that dinosaurs of different lineages shared the same tarsal condition.By definition, this type of articulation between the astragalus and calcaneum follows the “crocodile-reversed” tarsal condition, suggesting that the tarsus in lagosuchids and dinosaurs could be derived from the “crocodile-reversed” pattern present in Ornithosuchidae andEuparkeria. In contrast, the mesotarsal ankle of lagosuchids and dinosaurs lacks the synapomorphies of the “crocodile-normal” ankle present in Crocodylia, Rauisuchidae, Aetosauria, and other archosaurs.It is concluded that Herrerasauridae retained the primitive tibiotarsal condition for Dinosauria, from which those of the Ornithischia, Sauropodomorpha, and Theropoda were derived. Furthermore, tibiotarsal anatomy supports monophyly of Dinosauria.

Emeia gen. nov., a new genus of Luciolinae fireflies from China (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) with an unusual trilobite-like larva, and a redescription of the genus Curtos Motschulsky

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3403 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINHUA FU ◽  
LESLEY BALLANTYNE ◽  
CHRISTINE LAMBKIN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Restricted Number ◽  
Species Groups

Emeia, a new genus of Luciolinae fireflies, is described from males, flightless females and unusual trilobite-like larvaefor a single species pseudosauteri (Geisthardt) transferred from Curtos Motschulsky. Flashing patterns and ecological dataare presented. A phylogenetic analysis covering 143 Luciolinae species uses 436 morphological characters of males, fe-males and larvae to support the erection of the new genus. A generic redescription of Curtos Motschulsky from a restricted number of species is given. A key to genera and certain species groups using males is provided.

scholarly journals Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 133-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong Huynh ◽  
Anneke A. Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Body Form ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

Lophoturus queenslandicus Verhoeff, 1924 was the first penicillate millipede in the family Lophoproctidae collected from Cairns, a tropical region in Queensland, Australia, to be formally described. Specimens collected from this region in a recent study had the morphological characters known to define this genus. However, their body form and length, as well as dorsal colouration proved to be different, suggesting the possibility of more than one Lophoturus species. This assertion was supported by the results of a phylogenetic analysis of DNA extracted and sequenced using 18S and COI regions from L. queenslandicus and two undescribed species from this genus. Specimens preserved in ethanol can prove difficult to confidently identify to species level because their colour gradually fades. Examination of live specimens with their body colour visible, together with morphological characters and DNA analysis is the most reliable way of correctly distinguishing between these three species. Two new species, L. boondallus sp. n. and L. molloyensis sp. n. collected in Queensland, Australia are described.

Phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla Westwood (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Lachesillidae) and relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4691 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-124
Author(s):  
OSCAR FERNANDO SAENZ MANCHOLA ◽  
ALFONSO NERI GARCÍA ALDRETE ◽  
RANULFO GONZÁLEZ OBANDO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Optimality Criterion ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Branch Support ◽  
Species Groups

Lachesilla is the most species-rich psocid genus, with 341 species grouped into 19 species groups (with at least 100 undescribed species), plus an additional undescribed species group. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla and a discussion on the relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae. We codified a matrix of 60 morphological characters (16 multistate and 44 binary) formed by 44 terminals: 37 ingroup species and seven outgroup species. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Parsimony (MP) as optimality criterion, under equal weights and implied weights approaches. Monophyly of Lachesilla is not recovered, showing a polyphyletic genus divided in two major clades: clade A, composed of the pedicularia species group + Nadleria, and clade B, including the remaining species groups. The implied weights analysis produced a hypothesis with Hemicaecilius as sister group of clade B, nesting seven subclades mainly with low branch support values (symmetric resampling and bootstrap). These results suggest that all species groups, included in this analysis, can be considered monophyletic clades based on several synapomorphies, despite the andra species group was split up showing that L. punctata + L. dentata cluster together with high branch support values, but L. tehuautlensis and L. falcicula were recovered in different subclades. 

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