scholarly journals First Record of a living Platycopida (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Antarcticwaters and a Discussion on Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1866 (1) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE N. BRANDÃO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
First Record ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
The Antarctic

Previous records of Platycopida (Ostracoda) from the Antarctic region of the Southern Ocean include only a few fossil species from the Late Cretaceous to the Palaeocene: Cytherelloidea megaspirocostata Majoran & Widmark, 1998, [sic] Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880), plus seven species left in open nomenclature. The present study documents the first record of a living platycopid from the Antarctic region and describes Cytherella rwhatleyi sp. nov. as new. Comparison among specimens collected at stations 60° longitude and 10° of latitude apart from each other show that very little intraspecific variation in outline and ornamentation of the valves, as well as on the hemipenis is presented by this new species. Otherwise, clear differences on valve and hemipenis are observed between different species (herein, Jellinek & Swanson 2003). Review of the literature indicates that several species (with great differences in valve outline and ornamentation) have been erroneously assigned to Cytherella serratula (Brady, 1880) demonstrating that this so-called cosmopolitan taxon is in truth most probably restricted to bathyal depths of the Northwestern Atlantic. Finally, the abundances of Cytherella rwhatleyi sp. nov. in the samples studied herein (considering O2 concentration measurements) contradict the proposed relationship between Platycopida and O2 concentration in water masses (Whatley et al. 2003).

Dikwa andresi, a new amphipod crustacean (Dikwidae) from the Scotia Arc

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Nina Lörz ◽  
Charles Oliver Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
First Record ◽  
Crustacean Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scotia Arc ◽  
Amphipod Crustacean ◽  
The Antarctic

The new amphipod crustacean species Dikwa andresi from the Scotia Arc is described in detail. This is the first record of the family Dikwidae in the Southern Ocean. The white species was caught in water depth of 270–290 metres during the Antarctic autumn, living on the red hydrocoral (Hydrozoa) Errinopsis reticulum. It has a carinate pereon and pleon, no eyes and the head is telescoped into the first pereon segment. The first gnathopod is propodochelate, the second gnathopod is simple. The only known species of the family is Dikwa acrania from southern Africa. The new species mainly differs from D. acrania in having dorsal processes on all pereonites and the first coxa being twice as long as the second. An intraspecific variation of the shape of the telson was observed.

Molecular systematics of Thouarella (Octocorallia:Primnoidae) with the description of three new species from the Southern Ocean based on combined molecular and morphological evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Núñez-Flores ◽  
Daniel Gomez-Uchida ◽  
Pablo J. López-González
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
The Antarctic

Thouarella Gray, 1870, is one of the most speciose genera among gorgonians of the family Primnoidae (Cnidaria:Octocorallia:Anthozoa), being remarkably diverse in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seafloor. However, their diversity in the Southern Ocean is likely underestimated. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers were integrated with species delimitation approaches as well as morphological colonial and polyps features and skeletal SEM examinations to describe and illustrate three new species within Thouarella, from the Weddell Sea, Southern Ocean: T. amundseni sp. nov., T. dolichoespinosa sp. nov. and T. pseudoislai sp. nov. Our species delimitation results suggest, for the first time, the potential presence of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic cryptic species of primnoids, based on the likely presence of sibling species within T. undulata and T. crenelata. With the three new species here described, the global diversity of Thouarella has increased to 41 species, 15 of which are endemic to the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters. Consequently, our results provide new steps for uncovering the shelf benthonic macrofauna’s hidden diversity in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we recommend using an integrative taxonomic framework in this group of organisms and species delimitation approaches because the distinctions between some Thouarella species based only on a superficial examination of their macro- and micromorphological features is, in many cases, limited.

Virola dominicana sp. nov. (Myristicaceae) from Dominican amber

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Poinar ◽  
Royce Steeves
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Pollen ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Staminal Column

The Myristicaceae is a member of the early diverging angiosperm order Magnoliales; however, the family is poorly represented by fossil collections. We describe Virola dominicana sp. nov. (Myristicaceae), the first record of fossilized Myristicaceae flowers, from mid-Tertiary (45–15 million years ago) Dominican amber. The description is based on 24 male flowers in 17 pieces of amber, thus providing some indication of intraspecific variation, including a two-tepaled flower. Diagnostic characters of the new species are the long-simple or few-branched trichomes on the perianth margins, the small pollen grains, and a short staminal column. These fossils also show co-occurring insects, some of which could be Virola pollinators. It is speculated that V. dominicana disappeared from Hispaniola during the Pliocene–Pleistocene cooling events leaving no native members of the Myristicaceae in this region today. Additionally, these fossils demonstrate that Myristicaceae was present in the Western Hemisphere during the mid-Tertiary.

Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4570 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JOAN J. SOTO ÀNGEL ◽  
ÁLVARO L. PEÑA CANTERO
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
New Records ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
Eastern Sector ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Antarctic

Hydrozoans are a conspicuous component of Antarctic benthic communitites. Recent taxonomic effort has led to a substantial increase in knowledge on the diversity of benthic hydroids from some areas of the Southern Ocean, including the Weddell Sea, the largest sea in the Antarctic region. However, the study of many hydrozoan taxa are still pending, and the diversity in this huge region is expected to be higher than currently known. In order to contribute to the knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of these cnidarians, a study of unpublished material collected by several German Antarctic expeditions aboard the RV Polarstern in the eastern sector of the Weddell Sea has been conducted. A total of 77 species belonging to 22 families and 28 genera of benthic hydroids have been inventoried, constituting the most prolific collection hitherto analyzed. Most species (81%) belong to Leptothecata, but the observed share of Anthoathecata (19%) is higher than in previous Antarctic hydrozoan studies. Symplectoscyphidae was the most speciose family with 16 representatives (22%), followed by Haleciidae with 10 (14%) and Staurothecidae with 8 (11%). The number of species known in the area was increased with 27 new records, including several species rarely documented. As a result, the Weddell Sea becomes the second Antarctic region in terms of hydrozoan diversity, with 89 species known to date. Novel data on the use of substrate, reproductive phenology, and bathymetric range are provided for the inventoried species. 

New species of Bairdioidea (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean anddiscussions on Bairdoppilata simplex (Brady, 1880), ?Bairdoppilata labiata(Müller, 1908) and Bythopussella aculeata (Müller, 1908)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1866 (1) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMONE N. BRANDÃO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Valid Taxon ◽  
Geographical Locality

Only a few bairdioid species were reported from the high Antarctic region of the Southern Ocean. One of these species is the supposedly widely distributed Bairdoppilata simplex (Brady, 1880). The re-study of material previously identified as Bairdoppilata simplex (Brady, 1880) indicates that these specimens should be assigned to several different species. On the basis of the specimens studied herein and of published illustrations it is possible to conclude that more than ten species are represented in the material that has been misidentified under this name, seven of these species were re-studied and are illustrated herein. One of them, Bairdoppilata labiata (Müller, 1908), previously considered a junior synonym of B. simplex, is herein considered a valid taxon and its lectotype is designated. Additionally, in the present publication 82 bairdioid live specimens and 585 valves collected from depths of 1123 to 4932m during the ANDEEP Project in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean were studied. Seven new species are described—?Neonesidea keyseri sp. nov., Bythocypris praerenis sp. nov., Bythocypris malyutinae sp. nov., Bythocypris polarsterni sp. nov., Bythocypris richarddinglei sp. nov., Bythocypris weddellensis sp. nov., Bythopussella brandtae sp. nov. A new combination is suggested to the bathyal species Bythopussella microguttata (Whatley et al., 1998b) n. comb. (previously described in the genus Bairdoppilata). Statistical analyses (MDS, ANOSIM, BEST_BIOENV, and Cluster) show clear relationships among the bairdioid assemblages and the depth and geographical locality where samples were collected.

Ten new Bacillariophyta species from James Ross Island and the South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic Region)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALITSA ZIDAROVA ◽  
KATEŘINA KOPALOVÁ ◽  
BART VAN DE VIJVER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
The South ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
James Ross Island ◽  
The Antarctic

The present paper describes 10 new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Maritime Antarctic Region. Five of the newly described taxa: Caloneis australis sp. nov., Mayamaea sweetloveana sp. nov., Navicula romanedwardii sp. nov., Sellaphora antarctica sp. nov. and Sellaphora gracillima sp. nov. have been previously reported from the Antarctic Region but were force-fitted into incorrect names. Five other taxa: Chamaepinnularia elliptica sp. nov., Cosmioneis regigeorgiensis sp. nov., Mayamaea tytgatiana sp. nov., Muelleria pimpireviana sp. nov. and Pinnularia pinseeliana sp. nov. are newly discovered taxa. The morphology of all new species is studied using both light and scanning electon microscope observations and compared with similar species from the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Data about the ecology and confirmed Antarctic distribution of the new species are added.

An account of the Mysidacea (Crustacea, Malacostraca) of the Southern Ocean

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Brandt ◽  
Ute Mühlenhardt-Siegel ◽  
Volker Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Present State ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Shelf Break ◽  
Bathymetric Distribution ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Magellan Region ◽  
Antarctic Shelf ◽  
The Antarctic

An inventory of Antarctic and Subantarctic mysid fauna is presented, together with a summary of the present state of knowledge of species and their taxonomic diversity, geographic and bathymetric distribution patterns. Fifty nine species of Mysidacea (Crustacea, Peracarida) are now known. Of these, 37 were reported for the Antarctic region and 31 for the Magellan region; six species occur further north in the Southern Ocean, but south of 40°S. 51% of the Antarctic Mysidacea are endemic, and the figure for the Magellan region is 48%. Most of the species live hyperbenthically, but some also occur bathy- or mesopelagically. Mysidetes has the most species in the Southern Ocean, and Eucopia australis is the species with the widest bathymetric distribution (600–6000 m depth). It is concluded that an emergence of species onto the Antarctic shelf in the Neogene was quite unlikely, because none of the mysid species is a true deepsea species, and most species occur on the shelf or at the shelf break. It is more probable that present day species colonized the Southern Ocean via shallower waters. The examples of the distribution of different genera suggest that the Mysidacea of the Southern Ocean probably had various geographical origins.

scholarly journals Nannofossils, foraminifera and microforaminiferal linings in the Cenozoic diamictites of Cape Lamb, Vega Island, Antarctica

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Concheyro ◽  
Andrea Caramés ◽  
Cecilia R. Amenábar ◽  
Marina Lescano
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
First Record ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Lower Maastrichtian ◽  
James Ross Island ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Upper Maastrichtian ◽  
Upper Campanian

AbstractMicropaleontological and palynological samples from three Cenozoic diamictites at Cape Lamb, Vega Island, James Ross Basin were analysed. Fossiliferous samples yielded reworked and autochthonous assemblages of Mesozoic calcareous nanno− fossils, impoverished Cretaceous foraminifera together with Neogene species, as well as Late Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts, pollen, spores and abundant Cenozoic micro− foraminiferal linings. The recovered nannoflora indicates Early Cretaceous (Hauteri− vian-Albian) and Late Cretaceous (Santonian-Early Campanian) ages, suggesting an in− tensive reworking of marine sediments. The presence of the Early Cretaceous species Nannoconus circularis Deres et Acheriteguy in the diamictite represents its first record for the James Ross Basin. The scarce foraminiferal fauna includes Pullenia jarvisi Cushman, which indicates reworking from lower Maastrichtian-lower Paleocene sediments, and also the Neogene autochthonous Trochammina sp. aff. T. intermedia. The in− ner−organic layer observed inside this specimen appears to be identical to microfora− miniferal linings recovered from the same sample. Palynomorphs found in the studied samples suggest erosion from the underlying Snow Hill Island and the Lopez de Bertodano Formation beds (upper Campanian-upper Maastrichtian). These recovered assemblages indicate either different periods of deposition or reworking from diverse sources during Cenozoic glaciation, originating in James Ross Island and the Antarctic Peninsula with the influence of local sediment sources.

A new species ofThaumastoderma(Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) from the Antarctic deep sea with a phylogenetic analysis of the whole genus

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kieneke
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
First Record ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the marine gastrotrich taxonThaumastodermais described. A single specimen of this species,Thaumastoderma antarcticasp. nov., was extracted from silty sediment sampled at one station of the Andeep-1 cruise, about 150 km to the north of the South Shetland Islands (Drake Passage, South Atlantic Ocean). This paper provides the first record of this genus from the deep sea and the second description of a macrodasyid gastrotrich living in an abyssal habitat. The new species is characterized by several apomorphic features, among them a caudal pair of strongly elongated dorsal cirrata tubes. A phylogenetic analysis of the genusThaumastodermareveals thatTh. antarcticais closely related toTh. coronariumandTh. appendiculatum. Furthermore, the analysis offers an evolutionary scenario and a hypothesis for the internal phylogeny of this taxon while supporting its monophyly. It is the first time a cladistic analysis has been conducted for a delimited group of gastrotrichs, i.e. for all known members of a genus.

Monimiaceae sensu lato, an element of Gondwanan polar forests: Evidence from the late Cretaceous-early tertiary wood flora of Antarctica

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen Poole ◽  
Helmut Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
First Record ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Breadth Ratio ◽  
Ecological Dominance ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
The Antarctic

Palaeofloristic studies of the Antarctic Peninsula region are important in furthering our understanding of (i) the radiation and rise to ecological dominance of the angiosperms in the Southern Hemisphere during the Late Cretaceous and (ii) the present day disjunct austral vegetation. Investigations of Upper Cretaceous and Early Tertiary sediments of this region yield a rich assemblage of well-preserved fossil dicotyledonous angiosperm wood which provides evidence for the existence, since the Late Cretaceous, of temperate forests similar in composition to those found in present-day southern South America, New Zealand and Australia. This paper describes two previously unrecognised morphotypes, which can be assigned to the Monimiaceae sensu lato, and represents the first record of this family in the wood flora of Antarctica. Specimens belonging to the first fossil morphotype have been assigned to Hedycaryoxylon SÜss (subfamily Monimioideae) because they exhibit anatomical features characteristic of Hedycaryoxylon and extant Hedycarya J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst. and Tambourissa Sonn. Characters include diffuse porosity, vessels which are mainly solitary with scalariform perforation plates, opposite to scalariform intervascular pitting, paratracheal parenchyma, septate fibres and tall (>3 mm), wide multiseriate rays with a length: breadth ratio of approximately 1: 4. Specimens belonging to the second morphotype have been assigned to Atherospermoxylon KrÄusel, erected for fossil woods of the Monimiaceae in the tribe Atherospermeae (now Atherospermataceae) in that they exhibit anatomical features similar to Atherospermoxylon and extant Daphnandra Benth., Doryphora Endl. and Laurelia novae-zelandiae A.Cunn. These characters include diffuse to semi-ring porosity, scalariform perforation plates with up to 25 bars, septate fibres, relatively short (<1 mm) rays with a length: breadth ratio of between 1: 4 and 1: 11.

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