Description of a new species of Sabellidae (Polychaeta, Annelida) from fresh and brackish waters in Europe, with some remarks on the branchial crown of Laonome

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4483 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS BICK ◽  
RALF BASTROP ◽  
JONNE KOTTA ◽  
KARIN MEIßNER ◽  
MARIA MEYER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Material ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Don River ◽  
Branchial Crown ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
A New Species

In 2009, a hitherto unknown Laonome species was found in the Canal Ghent-Terneuzen in the Netherlands and subsequently in other Dutch rivers, canals and estuaries. A few years later, more unknown Laonome specimens were found in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea and in the Don River estuary, Sea of Azov. Initially, it was assumed that these specimens could represent Laonome calida Capa, 2007, originally described from Australia. In the present study we examine all these unknown European Laonome specimens and compare these specimens with the type material of L. calida from Australia. This lead to two main results: First, all specimens from Europe have the same diagnostic characters and therefore belong to one species. This finding was also supported by the results of a correspondence analysis, and genetic analyses using four different DNA sequences (COI, 16S, 28S). Second, it turned out that the type material of L. calida contains two morphologically distinct groups of specimens. The holotype and 7 paratypes are similar to each other but differ significantly from the other also similar 16 paratypes, and from all European specimens. On the basis of these observations, the Laonome specimens from European waters are described here as L. xeprovala sp. nov. We also provide the characters of the branchial crown of three Laonome species for a prospective revision of this genus. 

scholarly journals The carbon budget of the Baltic Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kuliński ◽  
J. Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the Baltic Sea carbon budget. The Baltic Sea is very much influenced by terrestrial carbon input. Rivers are the largest carbon source, and their input amounts to 10.90 Tg C yr−1 (Tg = 1012 g) with a 37.5% contribution of organic carbon. On the other hand, carbon is effectively exported from the Baltic to the North Sea (7.67 Tg C yr−1) and is also buried in bottom sediments (2.73 Tg C yr−1). The other sources and sinks of carbon are of minor importance. The net CO2 emission (1.05 Tg C yr−1) from the Baltic to the atmosphere was calculated as the closing term of the carbon budget presented here. There is a net loss of organic carbon, which indicates that the Baltic Sea is heterotrophic.

scholarly journals Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Reckermann ◽  
Anders Omstedt ◽  
Tarmo Soomere ◽  
Juris Aigars ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
General Description ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are stongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affects the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. We conclude that a sound management and regulation of human activities must be implemented in order to use and keep the environments and ecosystems of the Baltic Sea region sustainably in a good shape. This must balance the human needs, which exert tremendous pressures on the systems, as humans are the overwhelming driving force for almost all changes we see. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

scholarly journals Theatrical Exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Hanna Korsberg
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Bilateral Exchange ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
Transnational Exchange ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Two Hybrid

This article explores theatrical exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s as part of the cultural diplomacy of recently independent Finland. The Finnish National Theatre visited the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn in 1931 and in 1937, and the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in 1936. These theatre visits were different in terms of the visiting production. In Stockholm in 1936, and in Tallinn in 1937, the Finnish National Theatre showcased its work, while during the bilateral exchange with the Estonia Theatre in 1931, the main actors of two of the productions visited the other theatre and the audiences saw two hybrid performances of the two productions. Therefore, the visits are discussed in terms of international and transnational exchange.

The brachiopods Alwynella and Grorudia: homeomorphic plectambonitoids in the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Baltoscandia

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Hints ◽  
David A. T. Harper
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Water Facies

ABSTRACTTwo Ordovician plectambonitoid genera, Alwynella and Grorudia, occur in drill core sections of Latvia in the East Baltic, and in exposures and loose blocks on the Swedish Island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. The new material confirms differences between the two taxa that are assigned herein to separate families, Alwynellidae fam. nov. and Grorudiidae Cocks & Rong, 1989. In particular, the undercut cardinalia separates Alwynella from Grorudia and indicates its proximity to the sowerbyellids. The genus Grorudia, which is externally similar to Alwynella, is more closely related to the palaeostrophomenines. A new species Grorudia morrisoni sp. nov. is established in the East Baltic. The specimens from Öland are included tentatively within the genus Grorudia due to lack of interiors. Both Alwynella and Grorudia were confined to deeper-water facies in the Baltic palaeobasin, within successions ranging in age from latest Mid (late Llanvirn) to earliest Late Ordovician (mid Caradoc).

scholarly journals Effects of ship emissions on air quality in the Baltic Sea region simulated with three different chemistry transport models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Karl ◽  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Andreas Uppstu ◽  
Armin Aulinger ◽  
Marja Prank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is highly frequented shipping area with busy shipping lanes close to densely populated regions. Exhaust emissions from ship traffic into the atmosphere are not only enhancing air pollution, they also affect the Baltic Sea environment through acidification and eutrophication of marine waters and surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. As part of the European BONUS project SHEBA (Sustainable Shipping and Environment of the Baltic Sea Region), the transport, chemical transformation and fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Baltic Sea region was simulated with three regional chemistry transport models (CTM) systems, CMAQ, EMEP/MSC-W and SILAM with grid resolutions between 4 km and 11 km. The main goal was to quantify the effect that shipping emissions have on the regional air quality in the Baltic Sea region when the same shipping emissions dataset but different CTMs in their typical setups are used. The performance of these models and the shipping contribution to the results of the individual models was evaluated for sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5). Model results from the three CTMs were compared to observations from rural and urban background stations of the AirBase monitoring network in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea region. The performance of the three CTM systems to predict pollutant concentrations is similar. However, observed PM2.5 in summer was underestimated strongly by CMAQ and to some extent by EMEP/MSC-W. The spatial average of annual mean O3 in the EMEP/MSC-W simulation is 15–25 % higher compared to the other two simulations, which is mainly the consequence of using a different set of boundary conditions for the European model domain. There are significant differences in the calculated ship contributions to the levels of air pollutants among the three models. SILAM predicted a much weaker ozone depletion through NO emissions in the proximity of the main shipping routes than the other two models. In the entire Baltic Sea region the average contribution of ships to PM2.5 levels is in the range of 4.3–6.5 % for the three CTMs. Differences in ship-related PM2.5 between the models are mainly attributed to differences in the schemes for inorganic aerosol formation. Inspection of the ship-related elemental carbon (EC) revealed that assumptions about the vertical ship emission profile can affect the dispersion and abundance of ship-related pollutants in the near-ground atmosphere. The models are in agreement regarding the ship-related deposition of oxidised nitrogen, reporting a ship contribution in the range of 21–23 ktN y−1 as atmospheric input to the Baltic Sea. Results from the present study show the sensitivity of the ship contribution to combined uncertainties of boundary conditions, meteorological data and aerosol formation and deposition schemes. This is an important step towards a more reliable evaluation of policy options regarding emission regulations for ship traffic and the planned introduction of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in 2021.

Petroleum hydrocarbons - a necessity of monitoring in a dredged material in the Polish coastal zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Marta Staniszewska ◽  
Helena Boniecka
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dredged Material ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Baltic

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are toxic for the water organisms and in sediments they may last for a very long time. The Baltic Sea is an area exposed to the PHCs due to highly developed shipping. In Poland, there is a lack of legal standards specifying guidelines regarding handling dredged material containing PHCs, excavated in waterways, roadsteads, and in port basins, and there are no standards specifying their acceptable concentration in sediments. Therephore petroleum hydrocarbons in the excavated dredged material are rarely examined at the Polish coasts. In years 2009-2018 only 4% of sediments were examined in terms of their content. Indicated that only the sediments from the open sea did not contain PHCs, the other ones were very or moderately contaminated with PHCs. Collected results clearly indicate that sediment should be monitored in terms of the PHC content, in most cases should not be thrown back to the sea. In most cases they may be stored onshore, but only on wastelands, mainly industrial and transport areas. Some of them may also be used in the areas of cleaner lands, i.e. forests, wood- and bush-covered lands, recreation and leisure areas.

scholarly journals Diversity of Toxic and Nontoxic Nodularia Isolates (Cyanobacteria) and Filaments from the Baltic Sea

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 4638-4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Laamanen ◽  
Muriel F. Gugger ◽  
Jaana M. Lehtimäki ◽  
Kaisa Haukka ◽  
Kaarina Sivonen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Digestion Pattern ◽  
Internally Transcribed Spacer ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Flanking Regions

ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia form toxic blooms in brackish waters worldwide. In addition,Nodularia spp. are found in benthic, periphytic, and soil habitats. The majority of the planktic isolates produce a pentapeptide hepatotoxin nodularin. We examined the morphologic, toxicologic, and molecular characters of 18 nodularin-producing and nontoxic Nodularia strains to find appropriate markers for distinguishing the toxic strains from the nontoxic ones in field samples. After classical taxonomy, the examined strains were identified as Nodularia sp., Nodularia spumigena,N. baltica, N. harveyana, and N. sphaerocarpa. Morphologic characters were ambiguous in terms of distinguishing between the toxic and the nontoxic strains. DNA sequences from the short 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS1-S) and from the phycocyanin operon intergenic spacer and its flanking regions (PC-IGS) were different for the toxic and the nontoxic strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1-S and PC-IGS sequences from strains identified as N. spumigena, and N. baltica, and N. litorea indicated that the division of the planktic Nodularia into the three species is not supported by the ITS1-S and PC-IGS sequences. However, the ITS1-S and PC-IGS sequences supported the separation of strains designated N. harveyana and N. sphaerocarpa from one another and the planktic strains.HaeIII digestion of PCR amplified PC-IGS regions of all examined 186 Nodularia filaments collected from the Baltic Sea produced a digestion pattern similar to that found in toxic isolates. Our results suggest that only one plankticNodularia species is present in the Baltic Sea plankton and that it is nodularin producing.

Triassic reptiles from the Elgin area: Ornithosuchus and the origin of carnosaurs

1964 ◽  
Vol 248 (744) ◽  
pp. 53-134 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
New Information ◽  
Restricted Sense ◽  
The Common ◽  
A New Species

The osteology of Ornithosuchus is described in some detail. This study is largely based on material discussed by previous workers, but also takes into account specimens hitherto undescribed. It is considered that the species O. taylori Broom 1913 is invalid, being based on larger individuals of the form previously named O. woodwardi by Newton (1894). Furthermore, evidence is presented to show that specimens previously described by Huxley (1877) and Walker (1961) as Dasygnathus longidens are also referable to Ornithosuchus . It is concluded that but one species is present in the material, the correct name for which is Ornithosuchus longidens (Huxley). At least eleven individuals are present with skulls ranging from about 50 to 450 mm in length. Observations on the smaller members of this series suggest that changes in the shape and proportions of the skull took place with growth in a similar manner to those seen in living crocodiles. In the light of new information concerning the osteology of Ornithosuchus it is considered that this reptile is a primitive carnosaur, occupying a position very close to the ancestry of the Jurassic and Cretaceous members of this group. An examination of descriptions and figures of Triassic reptiles referred by von Huene (1932) and later authors to the Carnosauria has led to the conclusion that the great bulk of this material is more properly allocated to the Prosauropoda, and that the only Triassic carnosaurs known at the present time, apart from Ornithosuchus , are Teratosaurus and Sinosaurus , these two names being here used in a restricted sense. It is suggested that Ornithosuchus is close to the common ancestry of both the Megalosauridae and the Tyrannosauridae, and the derivation of the skull patterns of these forms from that of Ornithosuchus is discussed. Additional fenestrations marginal to the preorbital fossa and in the surangular of advanced carnosaurs are held to be related to the development of the pterygoid musculature rather than to the need to lighten the skull. In the course of a brief review of the Carnosauria the view is put forward that Acrocanthosaurus is a Lower Cretaceous representative of the tyrannosaur group, using this term in a broad sense, and is perhaps related to the Cenomanian Spinosaurus and the Wealden Altispinax . As a result of examination of English megalosaurian material, the name Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis gen. et sp.nov. is proposed for the Oxford specimen previously known as ‘ Streptospondylus’ cuvieri , and Metriacanthosaurus gen.nov. for Megalosaurus parkeri . The incomplete cranium from Dives figured by Piveteau (1923) is made the type of a new species, E. divesensis , to which certain other carnosaurian material from Normandy is provisionally allocated. Following Chakravarti (1935), the endoskeletal elements included by Matley (1923) in the type material of the Indian nodosaur Lametasaurus are held to belong to one or other of the two carnosaurs Indosuchus and Indosaurus, but the numerous scutes are not thought to be carnosaurian and the name Lametasaurus is here restricted to them. It is suggested that Indosuchus from the ? Turonian is a tyrannosaund. On the other hand Ceratosaurus and Proceratosaurus are regarded as coelurosaurs. A modified classification of the Infra-order Carnosauria is given, in which two main groups are recognized; Superfamily Megalosauroidea to include the Megalosauridae, and Superfamily Tyrannosauroidea to include the Ornithosuchidae (restricted), Spinosauridae and Tyrannosauridae.

Direct calorimetric studies on the metabolic rate of Gammarus oceanicus from the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea

2004 ◽  
Vol 422 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Normant ◽  
Tomasz Lapucki ◽  
Erik Schmolz ◽  
Ingolf Lamprecht
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Calorimetric Studies ◽  
The Baltic
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