A revision of the bee genus Augochlora Smith (Hymenoptera; Apoidea) in Southern South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4897 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-97
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LEPECO ◽  
RODRIGO BARBOSA GONÇALVES
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Species Circumscription ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Made In

Even after more than 250 years of taxonomic research on bees, there are still many gaps in the knowledge about their identity, classification and distribution patterns. Regarding the New World tribe Augochlorini, many efforts have been made in the last years to describe and organize its diversity. Within the tribe, Augochlora Smith has the widest distribution range, as these bees occur from Argentina to Southern Canada, including Caribbean islands. The genus comprises 124 described species in two extant subgenera, and, to date, two partial revisions are available, accounting for central Argentina and Uruguay and for northeastern Brazil. In the present study we review the Augochlora species occurring in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina. Specimens from other Brazilian states and South American countries were also examined to help with species circumscription. We found 27 species in the studied area, including nine new species (Augochlora atlantica sp. nov., A. australis sp. nov., A. genalis sp. nov., A. helena sp. nov., A. hestia sp. nov., A. hirsuta sp. nov., A. laevicarinata sp. nov., A. mendax sp. nov., and A. scabrata sp. nov.) and the remaining redescribed when necessary. A key for the species occurring in the studied area is provided. Five new synonymies are proposed and the lectotypes of Augochlora francisca and Halictus esox are presently designated. The geographic distribution of most studied species is associated with the Atlantic biome in many ways. 

scholarly journals Squamata, Serpentes, Micrurus silviae Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins and Silva, 2007: presence confirmation in Paraguay

Check List ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Cacciali ◽  
Daniel Espínola ◽  
Silvia Centrón Viñales ◽  
Irene Gauto Espínola ◽  
Hugo Cabral
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Natural Grassland

Micrurus silviae is a coralsnake with a triadal pattern, and is one of the eight species found in southern South America. In Paraguay there are six taxa recorded: M. altirostris, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus, M. corallinus, and M. lemniscatus carvalhoi. Here we present a record of M. silviae, an additional and seventh species for the country. Previously M. silviae was known only from Rio Grande do Sul state, in southern Brazil. The specimen was found in South American Mesopotamian Grasslands ecoregion, with natural grassland in the Department of Itapúa.

Two new species of orb-weaving spiders of the genus Larinia (Araneae, Araneidae) in meridional Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4247 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO OTT ◽  
EVERTON NEI LOPES RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
South American ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
World Distribution

The araneid genus Larinia Simon currently includes 56 species, eleven of them with New World distribution (World Spider Catalog, 2016). North American species of the genus were revised first time by Levi (1975) and South American species by Harrod et al. (1991). According to these authors there are four species known from subtropical South America (Larinia bivittata Keyserling 1885; L. montecarlo (Levi, 1988); L. t-notata (Tullgren, 1905); L. tucuman Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991) and also four species known from tropical South America (L. ambo Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991; L. directa (Hentz, 1847); L. lampa Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991; L. neblina Harrod, Levi & Leibensperger, 1991). According to Buckup et al. (2010) a total of 209 species of Araneidae are recorded for state of Rio Grande do Sul, including the three species L. bivittata, L. montecarlo and L. t-notata. 

A new species of Dichelyne (Nematoda, Cucullanidae) parasitizing sciaenid fishes from off the South American Atlantic coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Timi ◽  
Ana Lanfranchi ◽  
Luiz Tavares ◽  
José Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicola sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from the Whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest) and the Argentine croaker Umbrina canosai Berg, from coastal waters of Argentina and Brazil. These nematodes were firstly identified as D. (C.) elongatus (Törnquist, 1931), a commonly reported species from M. furnieri in South American Atlantic waters. However, other species of Dichelyne have so far been reported from this host in the same area, namely D. (C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio et Noronha, 1970), D. (C.) amaruincai (Freitas, Vicente et Ibañez, 1969) and D. (Dichelyne) micropogonii Pereira et Costa, 1996. A careful re-examination of these parasites, as well as of type specimens of all species reported from M. furnieri, revealed that these nematodes represented a new species. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having papillae 5–7 and 9 forming a subventral line close to cloaca, this feature is shared with other 6 species [D. (C.) dichelyneformis (Szidat, 1950), D. (C.) fraseri (Baylis, 1929), D. (C.) abbreviatus (Rudolphi, 1819), D. (C.) adriaticus (Törnquist, 1931), D. (C.) minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. (C.) mariajuliae Alarcos, Timi, Etchegoin et Sardella, 2006)], which are readily distinguished by their body size, spicules length, distribution patterns of other papillae and position of the excretory pore and deirids. Also, D. (C.) elongatus from Umbrina canariensis (Valenciennes) from West Africa is established as a new species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) yvonnecampanae sp. nov.; D. (C.) amaruincai from Pacific waters is considered as a valid species, D. (D.) micropogonii is regarded as species inquirendae and D. (C.) rodriguesi is identified as Cucullanus sp.

Cities and News

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Caimari
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
New World ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
South American ◽  
International News ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Shape Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This Element examines urban imaginaries during the expansion of international news between the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, when everyday information about faraway places found its way into newspapers all over the world. Building on the premise that news carried an unprecedented power to shape representations of the world, it follows this development as it made its way to regular readers beyond the dominant information poles, in the great port-cities of the South American Atlantic. Based on five case studies of typical turn-of-the-century foreign news, Lila Caimari shows how current events opened windows onto distant cities, feeding a new world horizon that was at once wider and eminently urban.

scholarly journals Mesozoic dinosaurs from Brazil and their biogeographic implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathas S. Bittencourt ◽  
Max C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South Central ◽  
Nomina Dubia

The record of dinosaur body-fossils in the Brazilian Mesozoic is restricted to the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul and Cretaceous of various parts of the country. This includes 21 named species, two of which were regarded as nomina dubia, and 19 consensually assigned to Dinosauria. Additional eight supraspecific taxa have been identified based on fragmentary specimens and numerous dinosaur footprints known in Brazil. In fact, most Brazilian specimens related to dinosaurs are composed of isolated teeth and vertebrae. Despite the increase of fieldwork during the last decade, there are still no dinosaur body-fossils of Jurassic age and the evidence of ornithischians in Brazil is very limited. Dinosaur faunas from this country are generally correlated with those from other parts of Gondwana throughout the Mesozoic. During the Late Triassic, there is a close correspondence to Argentina and other south-Pangaea areas. Mid-Cretaceous faunas of northeastern Brazil resemble those of coeval deposits of North Africa and Argentina. Southern hemisphere spinosaurids are restricted to Africa and Brazil, whereas abelisaurids are still unknown in the Early Cretaceous of the latter. Late Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages of south-central Brazil are endemic only to genus or, more conspicuously, to species level, sharing closely related taxa with Argentina, Madagascar, Indo-Pakistan and, to a lesser degree, continental Africa.

scholarly journals Use of palmae wax hydrocarbon fractions as chemotaxonomical markers in Butia and Syagrus

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Paroul ◽  
RL. Cansian ◽  
M. Rossato ◽  
GF. Pauletti ◽  
LA. Serafini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Made In

The wax hydrocarbon fractions of native Butia and Syagrus species collected from Palms in different regions of the of Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil) and in Rocha (Uruguay) were analyzed to evaluate their potential as chemotaxonomic markers. The wax was extracted with chloroform and the resulting wax was fractionated by preparative TLC. The hydrocarbon fractions were analyzed by GC-MS. Statistical analyses were completed with the Statistica 5.0 program. The total crude wax yields averaged 0.31% w.w-1 dried leaves for Butia samples and 0.28% for Syagrus samples. The linear hydrocarbons represented on average 15% of the total waxes in the case of Butia samples and 13.7% in Syagrus samples. Hentriacontane and triacontane were the main components of all samples. The comparison of the means showed significant differences among Butia and Syagrus samples, and amongst Butia samples collected in different localities. In the case of the Syagrus collections no consistent groupings could be made. In the case of Butia samples the formation of three groupings could be observed, which were consistent with the species described for their geographical distribution. These results are discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals Temporal variation of the phytoplankton community at short sampling intervals in the Mundaú reservoir, Northeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 970-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ênio Wocyli Dantas ◽  
Ariadne do Nascimento Moura ◽  
Maria do Carmo Bittencourt-Oliveira ◽  
João Dias de Toledo Arruda Neto ◽  
Airlton de Deus C. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The aim of this study was to determine how abiotic factors drive the phytoplankton community in a water supply reservoir within short sampling intervals. Samples were collected at the subsurface (0.1 m) and bottom of limnetic (8 m) and littoral (2 m) zones in both the dry and rainy seasons. The following abiotic variables were analyzed: water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, pH, total nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus and orthophosphate. Phytoplankton biomass was determined from biovolume values. The role abiotic variables play in the dynamics of phytoplankton species was determined by means of Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Algae biomass ranged from 1.17×10(4) to 9.21×10(4) µg.L-1; cyanobacteria had biomass values ranging from 1.07×10(4) to 8.21×10(4) µg.L-1. High availability of phosphorous, nitrogen limitation, alkaline pH and thermal stability all favored cyanobacteria blooms, particularly during the dry season. Temperature, pH, total phosphorous and turbidity were key factors in characterizing the phytoplankton community between sampling times and stations. Of the species studied, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii populations were dominant in the phytoplankton in both the dry and rainy seasons. We conclude that the phytoplankton was strongly influenced by abiotic variables, particularly in relation to seasonal distribution patterns.

scholarly journals Molecular variability in Amerindians: widespread but uneven information

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO M. SALZANO
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
South American ◽  
Chromosome Variation ◽  
North Central ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Present Trend ◽  
Made In

A review was made in relation to the molecular variability present in North, Central, and South American Indian populations. It involved results from ancient DNA, mitochondrial DNA in extant populations, HLA and other autosomal markers, X and Y chromosome variation, as well as data from parasitic viruses which could show coevolutionary changes. The questions considered were their origin, ways in which the early colonization of the continent took place, types and levels of the variability which developed, peculiarities of the Amerindian evolutionary processes, and eventual genetic heterogeneity which evolved in different geographical areas. Although much information is already available, it is highly heterogeneous in relation to populations and types of genetic systems investigated. Unfortunately, the present trend of favoring essentially applied research suggest that the situation will not basically improve in the future.

scholarly journals Multiple incursion pathways for Helicoverpa armigera in Brazil show its genetic diversity spreading in a connected world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas A. Arnemann ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Tom Walsh ◽  
Jerson V.C. Guedes ◽  
Karl H.J. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
New World ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
South American Continent

AbstractThe Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic and gene flow patterns of this dispersive pest in the agricultural landscape of South America. We show that the spatial distribution of H. armigera mtDNA haplotypes and its inferred gene flow patterns in the southwestern region of South America exhibited signatures inconsistent with a single incursion hypothesis. Simulations on spatial distribution patterns show that the detection of rare and/or the absence of dominant mtDNA haplotypes in southern H. armigera populations are inconsistent with genetic signatures observed in northern and central Brazil. Incursions of H. armigera into the New World are therefore likely to have involved independent events in northern/central Brazil, and southern Brazil/Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay. This study demonstrates the significant biosecurity challenges facing the South American continent, and highlights alternate pathways for introductions of alien species into the New World.

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