Phylogeny of Amathusiini butterflies based on adult morphology (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-186
Author(s):  
CARLA M. PENZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Single Time ◽  
As Species ◽  
Clade 1 ◽  
Levels Of Support

Based on comparative morphology of adults, a phylogeny is proposed for the butterfly tribe Amathusiini (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). The dataset includes 92 characters scored for 45 species in 12 genera, representing the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for this group. Parsimony analyses produced a well-resolved strict consensus tree where genera were divided in three main groups: (clade 1) Stichophthalma; (clade 2) Aemona, Faunis, Melanocyma and Taenaris; (clade 3) Enispe, Discophora, Thaumantis, Thauria, Amathusia, Amathuxidia, and Zeuxidia. While genera in clades 1 and 2 were found to be morphologically homogeneous, clade 3 showed remarkable morphological divergence between and within genera. The monophyly of most genera was recovered with variable levels of support, but Melanocyma and Taenaris nested within Faunis. Therefore, here Melanocyma NEW SYN. is subsumed within Faunis, and Taenaris STAT. REV. is regarded as a subgenus of Faunis. Mimicry likely evolved a single time within the Faunis-Taenaris assemblage, as species of Taenaris formed a monophyletic group. Results are compared to early classifications and recent DNA-based analyses, and points of agreement and conflicts are discussed.  

Phylogenetic analysis of Anomalophylla Reitter, 1887 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Sericini)

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Tree Topology ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Data Set

AbstractThe phylogeny of the genus Anomalophylla Reitter, 1887 is investigated based on comparative morphology involving 68 characters. Three monophyletic lineages were recognized from the strict consensus tree within the ingroup: (1) Anomalophylla; (2) Gastroserica + Neoserica; (3) Microserica soppongensis + M. panzona. Monophyly of Anomalophylla was evident with highest branch supports in both analyses with unweighted and weighted characters, however its sister taxon was not apparent with present data set. Monophyly of Microserica species included in this analysis could not be shown according to the tree topology.

Larval morphology of the Palaearctic genera Deronectes Sharp and Scarodytes Gozis (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae), with implications for the phylogeny of the Deronectes-group of genera

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hendrich ◽  
Yves Alarie ◽  
Anders N. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Statistical Support

AbstractDescription of larval instars of Deronectes depressicollis Rosenhauer 1856, D. lareynii (Fair-maire 1858), D. latus (Stephens 1829), D. aubei (Mulsant 1843), and Scarodytes halensis (Fabricius 1787) is presented including a detailed chaetotaxic and porotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal scgment and urogomphi. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 genera of the tribe Hydroporini, based on 22 larval characteristics was conducted with Hennig86. Three of the branches of the strict consensus tree have a statistical support greater than 60% according to the Parsimony Jackknifer. One of the supported clades is Antiporus Sharp + Nebrioporus Régimbart + Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne + Oreodytes Seidlitz + Stictotarsus Zimmermann + Scarodytes Gozis, of which the sister-group is the genus Deronectes Sharp. Consequently larval characters, in contrast to adult characters support the inclusion of Antiporus, Neonectes and Oreodytes in the Deronectes-group of genera. All members of this clade are characterized by: (i) presence of an occipital suture in first instar, (ii) presence of a constriction at level of occipital suture, (iii) absence of maxillary cardo, and (iv) insertion of the primary seta MX I on the maxillary stipes. Scarodytes is postulated to share a monophyletic origin with Nebrioporus, Stictotarsus, and Antiporus based on (i) the presence of natatory setae on femora, tibiae, and tarsi and (ii) the shape of the urogomphomere I which is more than 3.10 times longer than urogomphomere 2.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Systematics of the Family Pentacerotidae(Actinopterygii: Order Perciformes)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3366 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEONG-YONG KIM
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Region I ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lateral Ethmoid ◽  
Transformation Series

The osteologic and myologic characteristics of the family Pentacerotidae are described in detail. The family Pentaceroti-dae is a monophyletic group supported by 11 synapomorphies found in all family members. Of their synapomorphies, two(the second infraorbital and endopterygoid articulate with lateral ethmoid conditions) are considerably rare in percoidsand strongly support the monophyly of the family. A comparison of 44 transformation series among all species revealedfour equally parsimonious trees, and a strict consensus tree was adopted. On the basis of the inferred phylogenetic rela-tionships of the Pentacerotidae, this family was cladistically classified into two subfamilies and seven genera: Histiopter-inae (Histiopterus, Evistias, Zanclistius, Pentaceropsis, Paristiopterus, and Parazanclistius) and Pentacerotinae(Pentaceros). The center of origin of pentacerotids was inferred to be the Southern Australian region. I propose that the two families, Ostracoberycidae and Chaetodontidae, are closely related with Pentacerotidae.

Comparative morphology and phylogenetic systematics of the families Cheilodactylidae and Latridae (Perciformes: Cirrhitoidea), and proposal of a new classification

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4536 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
KATSUYA KIMURA ◽  
HISASHI IMAMURA ◽  
TOSHIO KAWAI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Transformation Series

The phylogenetic relationships of the families Cheilodactylidae and Latridae, plus related taxa, are examined from a detailed osteological perspective. The monophyly of each family is re-evaluated and a new classification is proposed on the basis of phylogenetic relationships. A phylogenetic analysis of characters in 67 transformation series showed Latridae to comprise a monophyletic group nested within cheilodactylids. Cheilodactylidae was non-monophyletic, but rather was formed by a clade including Cheilodactylus fasciatus and C. pixi having a sister relationship with a second clade comprising remaining cheilodactylids and latrids. A new classification is proposed, Cheilodactylidae, including only genus Cheilodactylus, and Latridae, including six genera (Latris, Nemadactylus, Mendosoma, Goniistius, Latridopsis and Dactylophora). 

Guasuctenus gen. nov., a new Neotropical spider genus of Ctenidae (Araneae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4624 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
DANIELE POLOTOW ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
As Species

The new genus Guasuctenus gen. nov. is described based on the results of a recent phylogenetic analysis. This phylogeny, which included representatives of all Ctenidae subfamilies, showed that the genus Ctenus as currently defined, does not comprise a monophyletic group. The results indicated that several species are misplaced in Ctenus and should be transferred to new genera. Aiming to correct the placement of two species originally described in Ctenus, we propose the new genus Guasuctenus to accommodate those species and better represent their phylogenetic relationships. Guasuctenus is supported by the presence of a dorsal cymbial projection in the male palp. Previously regarded as a subspecies, Ctenus longipes vittatissimus Strand, 1916 is here ranked as species, and Guasuctenus longipes (Keyserling, 1891) new comb. and G. vittatissimus (Strand, 1916) new rank, new comb. are redescribed. Ctenus griseus Keyserling, 1891 is recognized as a junior synyonym of Ctenus longipes Keyserling, 1891. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of Guasuctenus vittatissimus (Strand, 1016) are designated for stability. The species of the genus are distributed in southern Brazil and Uruguay. 

Systematics and biogeography of the Afrotropical flea beetle subgenus Blepharidina (Afroblepharida) Biondi & D’Alessandro, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola D’Alessandro ◽  
Roberta Frasca ◽  
Elizabeth Grobbelaar ◽  
Mattia Iannella ◽  
Maurizio Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

A taxonomic revision of the species attributed to the subgenus Blepharidina (Afroblepharida) Biondi & D’Alessandro is provided. Seven new species are described: Blepharidina (Afroblepharida) afarensis sp. nov. and B. (A.) tajurensis sp. nov. from Djibouti; B. (A.) bantu sp. nov. from Kenya; B. (A.) benadiriensis sp. nov. from Somalia; B. (A.) nubiana sp. nov. from Sudan; B. (A.) pusilla sp. nov. from Ethiopia and Kenya; B. (A.) zephyra sp. nov. from Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Niger and Nigeria. An updated catalogue, including material examined, distributions, chorotypes, and ecological notes, is supplied. The revision comprises a key to the eleven known species, habitus photos, and microscope and scanning electron micrographs of diagnostic characters, including the aedeagus and spermatheca. A phylogenetic analysis based on parsimony was provided. The strict consensus tree was used to put forward a preliminary biogeographical analysis of the taxon in the light of the current distribution of the species.

Revision of the genus Renda Blackwelder, 1952 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Xantholinini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2686 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN MÁRQUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Species Groups

The genus Renda Blackwelder, 1952 is revised and redescribed. Thirteen previously described species of Renda are redescribed and twenty-one species are described as new. Renda funebris (Sharp, 1876) is proposed as a junior synonym of R. flagellicornis (Nordmann, 1837), R. pubescens (Nordmann, 1837) as a junior synonym of R. formicaria (Laporte, 1835), and R. dalmasi (Fauvel, 1901) as a junior synonym of R. minor Sharp, 1876. A key to the species of Renda is provided and diagnostic characters are illustrated. A generic key for a group of genera consisting of Renda, Agrodes and Plochionocerus is also included. A phylogenetic analysis was performed to analyze the relationships among Renda species, based on the study of 416 specimens belonging to 31 species. The strict consensus tree supports the monophyly of the genus, but species relationships within Renda are poorly resolved, with only two species groups recovered as monophyletic clades.

scholarly journals A combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with emphasis on the Harttiini and Farlowellini

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247747
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Tissue Samples

We present a combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of the Loricariinae, with emphasis on the Harttiini (Cteniloricaria, Harttia, and Harttiella) and Farlowellini (Aposturisoma, Farlowella, Lamontichthys, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma, and Sturisomatichthys). Character sampling comprised seven molecular markers (the mitochondrial Cytb, nd2, 12S and 16S, and the nuclear MyH6, RAG1 and RAG2) and 196 morphological characters. A total of 1,059 specimens, and 159 tissue samples were analized, representing 100 species. A Bayesian Inference analysis was performed using the concatenated data matrix, which is comprised of 6,819 characters. The Loricariinae were found to comprise the tribes (Hartiini (Loricariini, Farlowellini)), the latter two elevated from subtribes. A Maximum Parsimony analysis was also performed using the same data matrix in order to reveal phenotypical synapomorphies to diagnose each clade. Two MP trees were found with a length of 14,704 steps, consistency index of 0.29 and retention index of 0.61, which were summarized in a strict consensus tree. Harttiini includes (Harttiella (Cteniloricaria, Harttia), and Farlowellini includes (Lamontichthys (Pterosturisoma (Sturisoma (Sturisomatichthys, Farlowella)))). Aposturisoma was recovered nested within Farlowella and is synonymyzed to the latter. Sturisoma was corroborated as strictly cis-Andean, while Sturisomatichthys encompasses, besides the valid species already included in the genus, the trans-Andean species once belonging to Sturisoma sensu lato. Identification keys and phylogenetic diagnoses of family-group taxa and genera of both the Harttiini and the Farlowellini are provided.

Evolutionary analysis of Pinus leiophylla: a study using an Intron II sequence fragment of mitochondrial nad1

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Carlos Fabián Vargas Mendoza ◽  
Abril Rodríguez-Banderas
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bound Analysis

A phylogenetic analysis was done using a mitochondrial marker to study the relationship between Pinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe and Californian, Mesoamerican, European, and Asian pines. The type II intron between the nad1 b and c exons was chosen for the analysis. Nineteen otus (15 species with mitotypes in two species) from the Pinus and Picea genera were used. Amplification using the two primers generated an approximately 1000 bp product, depending on species. Parsimony branch and bound analysis resulted in 135 shortest trees with 1323 steps (CI = 0.9131 and RI = 0.9511). The strict consensus tree showed P. leiophylla associated with Eurasian pines. Though unusual, it is not the first time this association has been proposed. Given these results, P. leiophylla is likely one of the oldest pine species in the Americas and probably arose from a Eurasian ancestor that initially invaded North America at between 25°N and 35°N latitude and later colonized Mexico.

A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World

The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.

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